Table Of ContentL e c t u r e N o t e s i n C o m p u t e r S c i e n c e 2 3 0 6
E d i t e d b y G . G o o s , J . H a r t m a n i s , a n d J . v a n L e e u w e n
3
B e r lin
H e id e lb e r g
N e w Y o r k
B a r c e lo n a
H o n g K o n g
L o n d o n
M ila n
P a r is
T o k y o
R a l f - D e t l e f K u t s c h e H e r b e r t W e b e r ( E d s . )
F u n d a m e n t a l A p p r o a c h e s
t o S o f t w a r e E n g i n e e r i n g
5 t h I n t e r n a t i o n a l C o n f e r e n c e , F A S E 2 0 0 2
H e l d a s P a r t o f t h e J o i n t E u r o p e a n C o n f e r e n c e s
o n T h e o r y a n d P r a c t i c e o f S o f t w a r e , E T A P S 2 0 0 2
G r e n o b l e , F r a n c e , A p r i l 8 - 1 2 , 2 0 0 2
P r o c e e d i n g s
1 3
S e r ie s E d ito r s
G e r h a r d G o o s , K a r ls r u h e U n iv e r s ity , G e r m a n y
J u r is H a r tm a n is , C o r n e ll U n iv e r s ity , N Y , U S A
J a n v a n L e e u w e n , U tr e c h t U n iv e r s ity , T h e N e th e r la n d s
V o lu m e E d ito r s
R a lf - D e tle f K u ts c h e
H e r b e r t W e b e r
T e c h n is c h e U n iv e r s itä t B e r lin
F A K .I V E le k tr o te c h n ik u n d I n f o r m a tik
C o m p u te rg e s tü tz te I n f o r m a tio n s s y s te m e
E in s te in u f e r 1 7 , 1 0 5 8 7 B e r lin , G e r m a n y
E - m a il: {r k u ts c h e ,h w e b e r }@ c s .tu - b e r lin .d e
C a ta lo g in g - in - P u b lic a tio n D a ta a p p lie d f o r
D ie D e u ts c h e B ib lio th e k - C I P - E in h e its a u f n a h m e
F u n d a m e n ta l a p p r o a c h e s to s o f tw a r e e n g in e e r in g : 5 th in te r n a tio n a l
c o n f e r e n c e ; p r o c e e d in g s / F A S E 2 0 0 2 , h e ld a s p a r t o f th e J o in t E u r o p e a n
C o n f e r e n c e s o n T h e o r y a n d P r a c tic e o f S o f tw a r e , E T A P S 2 0 0 2 , G r e n o b le ,
F r a n c e , A p r il 8 - 1 2 , 2 0 0 2 . R a lf - D e tle f K u ts c h e ; H e r b e r t W e b e r ( e d .) . -
B e r lin ; H e id e lb e rg ; N e w Y o r k ; B a r c e lo n a ; H o n g K o n g ; L o n d o n ; M ila n ;
P a r is ; T o k y o : S p r in g e r, 2 0 0 2
( L e c tu r e n o te s in c o m p u te r s c ie n c e ; V o l. 2 3 0 6 )
I S B N 3 - 5 4 0 - 4 3 3 5 3 - 8
C R S u b je c t C la s s ifi c a tio n ( 1 9 9 8 ) : D .2 , D .3 , F .3
I S S N 0 3 0 2 - 9 7 4 3
I S B N 3 - 5 4 0 - 4 3 3 5 3 - 8 S p r in g e r- V e r la g B e r lin H e id e lb e rg N e w Y o r k
T h is w o rk is su b je c t to c o p y rig h t. A ll rig h ts a re re se rv e d , w h e th e r th e w h o le o r p a rt o f th e m a te ria l is
c o n c e rn e d , sp e c ifi c a lly th e rig h ts o f tra n sla tio n , re p rin tin g , re -u se o f illu stra tio n s, re c ita tio n , b ro a d c a stin g ,
re p ro d u c tio n o n m ic ro fi lm s o r in a n y o th e r w a y , a n d sto ra g e in d a ta b a n k s. D u p lic a tio n o f th is p u b lic a tio n
o r p a rts th e re o f is p e rm itte d o n ly u n d e r th e p ro v isio n s o f th e G e rm a n C o p y rig h t L a w o f S e p te m b e r 9 , 1 9 6 5 ,
in its c u rre n t v e rsio n , a n d p e rm issio n fo r u se m u st a lw a y s b e o b ta in e d fro m S p rin g e r-V e rla g . V io la tio n s a re
lia b le fo r p ro se c u tio n u n d e r th e G e rm a n C o p y rig h t L a w .
S p rin g e r-V e rla g B e rlin H e id e lb e rg N e w Y o rk
a m e m b e r o f B e rte lsm a n n S p rin g e r S c ie n c e + B u sin e ss M e d ia G m b H
h ttp ://w w w .sp rin g e r.d e
© S p rin g e r-V e rla g B e rlin H e id e lb e rg 2 0 0 2
P rin te d in G e rm a n y
T y p e se ttin g : C a m e ra -re a d y b y a u th o r, d a ta c o n v e rsio n b y C h ristia n G ro sc h e , H a m b u rg
P rin te d o n a c id -fre e p a p e r S P IN 1 0 8 4 6 5 2 1 0 6 /3 1 4 2 5 4 3 2 1 0
Foreword
ETAPS2002wasthefifthinstanceoftheEuropeanJointConferencesonTheory
and Practice of Software. ETAPS is an annual federated conference that was
established in 1998 by combining a number of existing and new conferences.
This year it comprised 5 conferences (FOSSACS, FASE, ESOP, CC, TACAS),
13 satellite workshops (ACL2, AGT, CMCS, COCV, DCC, INT, LDTA, SC,
SFEDL,SLAP,SPIN,TPTS,andVISS), 8 invitedlectures(notincluding those
specific to the satellite events), and several tutorials.
The events that comprise ETAPS address various aspects of the system de-
velopmentprocess,includingspecification,design,implementation,analysis,and
improvement. The languages, methodologies, and tools which support these ac-
tivities are all well within its scope. Different blends of theory and practice are
represented, with an inclination towards theory with a practical motivation on
one hand and soundly-based practice on the other. Many of the issues involved
in softwaredesignapply to systemsin general,including hardwaresystems,and
the emphasis on software is not intended to be exclusive.
ETAPSis a loose confederationin which each event retains its own identity,
with a separate program committee and independent proceedings. Its format is
open-ended, allowing it to grow and evolve as time goes by. Contributed talks
and system demonstrations are in synchronized parallel sessions, with invited
lectures in plenary sessions. Two of the invited lectures are reserved for “uni-
fying” talks on topics of interest to the whole range of ETAPS attendees. The
aim of cramming all this activity into a single one-week meeting is to create a
strong magnet for academic and industrial researchersworkingon topics within
its scope, giving them the opportunity to learn about research in related areas,
and thereby to foster new and existing links between work in areas that were
formerly addressed in separate meetings.
ETAPS2002was organizedby the LaboratoireVerimagin cooperationwith
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Institut de Math´ematiques Appliqu´ees de Grenoble (IMAG)
Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)
Universit´e Joseph Fourier (UJF)
European Association for Theoretical Computer Science (EATCS)
EuropeanAssociationforProgrammingLanguagesandSystems(EAPLS)
European Association of Software Science and Technology (EASST)
ACM SIGACT, SIGSOFT, and SIGPLAN
The organizing team comprised
Susanne Graf - General Chair
Saddek Bensalem - Tutorials
Rachid Echahed - Workshop Chair
Jean-Claude Fernandez - Organization
VI Foreword
Alain Girault - Publicity
Yassine Lakhnech - Industrial Relations
Florence Maraninchi - Budget
Laurent Mounier - Organization
Overall planning for ETAPS conferences is the responsibility of its Steering
Committee, whose current membership is:
Egidio Astesiano (Genova), Ed Brinksma (Twente), Pierpaolo Degano
(Pisa), Hartmut Ehrig (Berlin), Jos´e Fiadeiro (Lisbon), Marie-Claude
Gaudel(Paris),AndyGordon(Microsoft Research, Cambridge),Roberto
Gorrieri (Bologna), Susanne Graf (Grenoble), John Hatcliff (Kansas),
Go¨rel Hedin (Lund), Furio Honsell (Udine), Nigel Horspool(Victoria),
HeinrichHußmann(Dresden),Joost-PieterKatoen(Twente),PaulKlint
(Amsterdam),DanielLeM´etayer(Trusted Logic, Versailles),UgoMontanari
(Pisa), Mogens Nielsen (Aarhus), Hanne Riis Nielson (Copenhagen),
Mauro Pezz`e (Milan), Andreas Podelski (Saarbru¨cken), Don Sannella
(Edinburgh),AndrzejTarlecki(Warsaw),HerbertWeber(Berlin),Reinhard
Wilhelm (Saarbru¨cken)
I would like to express my sincere gratitude to all of these people and organi-
zations, the program committee chairs and PC members of the ETAPS confer-
ences, the organizersof the satellite events, the speakersthemselves, and finally
Springer-Verlagforagreeingto publish the ETAPSproceedings.As organizerof
ETAPS’98,Iknowthatthereisonepersonthatdeservesaspecialapplause:Su-
sanne Graf. Her energy and organizational skills have more than compensated
for my slow start in stepping into Don Sannella’s enormous shoes as ETAPS
Steering Committee chairman. Yes, it is now a year since I took over the role,
and I would like my final words to transmit to Don all the gratitude and ad-
miration that is felt by all of us who enjoy coming to ETAPS year after year
knowing that we will meet old friends, make new ones, plan new projects and
be challenged by a new culture! Thank you Don!
January 2002 Jos´e Luiz Fiadeiro
Preface
TheconferenceonFundamentalApproachestoSoftwareEngineering(FASE)as
one partofthe EuropeanJointConferencesonTheoryandPracticeofSoftware
(ETAPS) focused on both aspects of ‘engineering’: rigor and applicability.
FASE 2002 now in its fifth year promoted the paradigm of ‘continuous soft-
ware engineering’, including component-based software architecture, model and
meta-model-based software engineering, and the understanding of the software
processasanevolutionaryprocessforthe followingreasons,asstatedinthecall
for papers:
Large-scale information and communication infrastructures are of growing
concern to industry and public organizations. They are expected to exist for
an indefinite length of time, are supposed to be flexibly adjustable to new re-
quirements, and are hence demanded to encompass evolvable software systems.
This poses new challenges to software engineering research and practice: new
softwarestructuringandscalingconcepts areneeded forheterogeneoussoftware
federations that consist of numerous autonomously developed, communicating,
and inter-operating systems; new software development processes are needed
to enable the continuous improvement and extension of heterogeneous software
federations.
Different component paradigms are under discussion now, a large number
of specification and modeling languages have been proposed, and an increas-
ing number of software development tools and environments have been made
available to cope with the problems. At the same time research on new the-
ories, concepts, and techniques is under way that aims at the development of
theirpreciseand(mathematically)formalfoundation.Inthe callforpapers,the
following topics were emphasized:
– Componentconceptsandcomponent-basedsoftwarearchitectures,including
practical concepts like EJB, DCOM, or CORBA
– Integrationplatforms and middleware systems for large-scaleheterogeneous
software federations
– Model-based software engineering
– Semi-formalandformalmodelingandspecificationtechniquesforcomponent-
based software
– Meta-models of modeling and specification concepts
– Experience reports on best practices with component models and specifica-
tions,developmenttools,modelingenvironments,andsoftwaredevelopment
kits
– Integration of formal concepts and current best-practice concepts in indus-
trial software development
VIII Preface
The program committee consisted of:
Egidio Astesiano (Genova, Italy)
Christine Choppy (Paris, France)
Jos´e Fiadeiro (Lisbon, Portugal)
Anthony Finkelstein (London, UK)
Marie-Claude Gaudel (Orsay, France)
Heinrich Hußmann (Dresden, Germany)
Ralf-Detlef Kutsche, co-chair (Berlin, Germany)
Michael Lo¨we (Hannover, Germany)
Tiziana Margaria (Dortmund, Germany)
Narciso Mart´ı Oliet (Madrid, Spain)
Micha¨el P´erin (UJF/Verimag, France)
Herbert Weber, co-chair (Berlin, Germany)
Theprogramcommitteereceivedalmost60papers,thatwereevaluatedinan
electronic submission and reviewing procedure.The members of the PC worked
hard, as did also a number of co-reviewers,who are listed below. The PC coop-
erated closely with the responsible coordinator of the tool demonstration track,
Peter D. Mosses. We would like to cordially express our thanks to all members
of the PC and to all co-reviewers for their work.
Finally,theprogramcommitteedecidedtoselect21papers,and,additionally,
in a different selection procedure, 4 short papers for the tool demonstrations
associated with FASE. The result of the efforts of the reviewers and the PC
are the proceedings in front of you, containing valuable new ideas and input to
interestingandcontroversialdiscussionsandfurtherjointworkinthechallenging
area of theory and practice of software engineering.
Theinvitedlecture,withtheaimofhelpingtobridgethegapbetweentheory
and practice,was deliveredby Hellmuth Broda,the CTO of SUN Microsystems
Inc. for Europe, Middle East, and Africa. He has agreed to give a talk on new
visions and experiences concerning softwarearchitectures and software develop-
ment in global infrastructures.
Finally,wewouldliketoexpressourthankstoallcontributorstothesuccess
oftheconference,particularlytoJos´eLuizFiadeiro,thechairmanoftheETAPS
steeringcommittee,andtoSusanneGrafandherteaminGrenoblefortheirgreat
effortsinthe ETAPSglobalcoordination.Lastbutnotleast,aspecialthanksto
the team at CIS/TU Berlin, helping with severalaspects of the conference and,
especially to Lutz Friedel,Claudia Gantzer,and Andreas Leicherfor their great
support in putting together the proceedings.
January 2002 Ralf-Detlef Kutsche
Herbert Weber
Preface IX
Referees
Anahita Akhavan Ben Lindner
Egidio Astesiano Luis F. Llana-D´ıaz
Didier Bert Michael Lo¨we
Marius Bozga Antonia Lopes
Volker Braun Tiziana Margaria
Felix Bu¨bl Bruno Marre
Christine Choppy Ana Moreira
Juliane Dehnert Laurent Mounier
Giorgio Delzanno Peter D. Mosses
Birgit Demuth Markus Nagelmann
Mireille Ducass Oliver Niese
Amal El-Fallah Thomas Noll
Jos´e Fiadeiro Manuel Nu´n˜ez
Anthony Finkelstein Narciso Mart´ı Oliet
Mike Fischer Aomar Osmani
Robert France Ricardo Pen˜a
David de Frutos-Escrig Micha¨el P´erin
Falk Fuenfstueck Pascal Poizat
Marie-Claude Gaudel Gianna Reggio
Susanne Graf Simone Roettger
Martin Grosse-Rhode Michel de Rougemont
Claudia Gsottberger Oliver Ru¨thing
Armando Haeberer Sylviane R. Schwer
Heinrich Hußmann Jo¨rn Guy Su¨ß
Val´erie Issarny Gabriele Taentzer
Jean-Claude Fernandez Anne Thomas
Peter R. King Alberto Verdejo
Yves Kodratoff Frederic Voisin
Ralf-Detlef Kutsche Herbert Weber
Yassine Lakhnech Michel Wermelinger
Ulrike Lechner Haiseung Yoo
Y. Ledru Elena Zucca
Andreas Leicher
Nicole Levy
