Table Of Content

FROMPROSODICTOPARALINGUISTICFUNCTION: IMPLICATIONSFOR AFFECTIVEDEVELOPMENT By MARGARETFRIEND ADISSERTATIONPRESENTEDTOTHEGRADUATESCHOOL OFTHEUNIVERSITYOFFLORIDAINPARTIALFULFILLMENT OFTHEREQUIREMENTSFORTHEDEGREEOF DOCTOROFPHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITYOFFLORIDA 1994 Copyright1994 by MargaretFriend DedicatedTo MyParents PatsyB. Friend and MerrillP.Friend,Jr. MyPartner Bruce and MyFriends (especiallythewomen) /keeponfindin’whereI’mat’swhereI’ms’posetobe... Ev’rywindintheriverfindsitsownwaydowntothesea... WhereverIwakeupIknowI’mstilltheresomewhere inbetween(it’sjustajourney,baby) Ev’rywindintheriverfindsitsownwaydowntothesea. FromEv’ryWind(intheRiver) WrittenbyTajMahal, RichardFeldman, MarkJordan,andPatrickDollaghan ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I gratefullyacknowledgetheextremelykeen anddiscerning scientistswho generouslysharedtheirideasandresourcesduringthecourseofmyeducation. Theyhavecontributedtomyintellectualdevelopmentinwaysthatcontinueto astonishandsurpriseme. IwishtothankJamesJ.Jenkinswhoinfusedmewith his enthusiasm for scientific inquiry, Winifred Strange who responded to my questions with the dictum, "do the experiment," Judith A. Becker for her confidence in me and for introducing me to the concept of programmatic research,WilliamF.Chaplinforhispureenjoymentofresearchdesign,ScottA. Miller for thorough and thoughtful critiques of many manuscripts and presentations, and David M. Greenforahealthydoseofskepticism. Special thanks go to the members of my supervisory committee who have each contributedintrainingmetotrainmyself. Thanksgotomyadvisor, M.Jeffrey Farrar,forhisextensivecommentsonthiswork,andtoPatriciaH.Miller,forher ideas on its theoretical implications. Thanks go to each of them for their unflaggingsupportthroughoutmygraduatecareer. ThanksalsogotoW.Keith Berg,whoapproachesallresearchwithhonorandrespect,toIraFischler,who supervisedmyreadingofDarwin,andtoHowardB.Rothman,forhishumorand fortolerating myspeculationsaboutspeechperception. Also, Iwishtothank JamesAlginaforaddressingmystatisticalquestionsoverthelastfewyears. IV Finally,allwouldhavebeenfornaughtwithoutaccesstothelaboratoriesand equipmentnecessaryformyresearch. Thanksareextended, inchronological order,toJudithA.Becker,JamesJ.Jenkins,WinifredStrange,M.JeffreyFarrar, HaskinsLaboratories,RobertD.Sorkin,KathleenBerg,andBruceG.Bergforthe useoftheirfacilitiesduring variousphasesofmyresearchculminating inthis dissertation. ThanksalsogotoDougWhalen,TimTucker,andDesiSaludesfor theirtechnicalassistance. Thisresearchwassupported,inpart,byHaskinsLaboratoriesthroughagrant fromtheNationalInstituteofChildHealthandHumanDevelopment,theNational InstitutesofHealthNationalResearchServiceAward#T32-HD07318awardedto theDepartmentofPsychology, UniversityofFlorida,bytheNationalInstituteof ChildHealthandHumanDevelopmentandbyNIMH#R03MH44032awardedto M.JeffreyFarrar. V 4 TABLEOFCONTENTS page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS iv LISTOFTABLES viii LISTOFFIGURES ix ABSTRACT x CHAPTERS 1 INTRODUCTION 1 2 REVIEWOFLITERATURE 4 SensitivitytoVocalParalanguage 4 TheCaseofDiscrepancy 1 TheRoleofSpeechProsody 20 TheDualRepresentationProblem 30 SummaryofPredictions 36 3 METHODS 38 Subjects 38 StimulusDevelopment 38 Procedure 42 4 RESULTS 49 DataReductionandPreliminaryAnalysis 49 SignalDetectionAnalysis 57 IndividualDifferences 61 SummaryofFindings 63 VI 5 DISCUSSION 76 TheNatureoftheCognitiveConstraint 80 TheNatureoftheLinguisticConstraint 81 LimitationsandDirectionsforFutureResearch 85 APPENDIX 90 REFERENCES 91 BIOGRAPHICALSKETCH 99 vii LISTOFTABLES Table page 33--1 DifferenceScoreMeans(andStandardDeviations) forReiterant-OriginalStimulusPairs 45 4- 3-2 LexicalandParalinguisticContentofFullSpeechStimuli 46 3 PeakStimulusIntensityValues(indBgpJ asaFunctionofConditionandAcousticValence 47 1 SummaryTableforSpeechContextXDiscrepancyXAge XOrderRepeatedMeasuresMANOVA 65 4-2 MeanNumberCorrect(andStandardDeviations)asa FunctionofAge,SpeechContext,andDiscrepancy 66 4-3 PercentCorrectJudgmentsofParalinguisticContentby 4-year-oldsasaFunctionofStimulusandSpeechContext 67 4-4 PercentCorrectJudgmentsofParalinguisticContentby 7-year-oldsasaFunctionofStimulusandSpeechContext 68 4-5 PercentCorrectJudgmentsofParalinguisticContentby 10-year-oldsasaFunctionofStimulusandSpeechContext 69 4-6 MeanNumberCorrect(andStandardDeviations)asa FunctionofAgeandOrderof Presentation 70 viii 4-7 MeanDifferencesinRatings (ConsistentminusDiscrepantFullSpeech) asaFunctionofOrderofPresentation 71 4-8 IndividualCasesFallingAboveandBelowMedianSensitivity andChi-SquaresasaFunctionofAge,SpeechContext, andDiscrepancy 72 4-9 Cross-classificationofIndividualCasesFallingAbove andBelowMedianSensitivityinDiscrepantFiltered andFullSpeechContexts 73 IX 3- LISTOFFIGURES 4F-igure page 1 FundamentalFrequencyContoursfortheSentence, 'You’remyfavoriteperson,"ReadinHappyAffectiveVoice 48 1 ComparisonofEffectsfortheFullDataSet(a)andforResponses totheFirstPresentationOnly(b) 74 4-2 ParalinguisticSensitivityasaFunctionofAge,SpeechContext, andDiscrepancy 75 X

From prosodic to paralinguistic function : implications for affective development PDF

113 Pages·1994·3.6 MB·English

by Friend, Margaret

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Publication Year:	1994
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