Table Of ContentHigher Education Dynamics 58
Manja Klemenčič Editor
From Actors
to Reforms in
European Higher
Education
A Festschrift for Pavel Zgaga
Higher Education Dynamics
Volume 58
Series Editors
Peter Maassen, Department of Education, Faculty of Educational Science,
University of Oslo, Blindern, Oslo, Norway
Johan Müller, School of Education, University of Cape Town,
Rondebosch, South Africa
Editorial Board Members
Akira Arimoto, Research Institute for Higher Education, Hyogo University,
Kakogawa, Japan
Elizabeth Balbachevsky, NUPPs-IEA/USP, Universidade de São Paulo,
São Paulo, Brazil
Giliberto Capano, Political & Social Sciences, University of Bologna,
Bologna, Italy
Glen Jones, Ontario Inst for Studies in Education, University of Toronto,
Toronto, ON, Canada
Manja Klemenčič , Department of Sociology, Harvard University,
Cambridge, MA, USA
Marek Kwiek, Center for Public Policy Studies, Adam Mickiewicz University
in Poznań, Poznań, Poland
Teboho Moja, Higher Education Program, New York University,
New York, NY, USA
Jung-Cheol Shin, Department of Education, Seoul National University,
Gwanak-Gu, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
Martina Vukasovic, Administration and Organization Theory,
University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
This series is intended to study adaptation processes and their outcomes in higher
education at all relevant levels. In addition it wants to examine the way interactions
between these levels affect adaptation processes. It aims at applying general social
science concepts and theories as well as testing theories in the field of higher
education research. It wants to do so in a manner that is of relevance to all those
professionally involved in higher education, be it as ministers, policy-makers,
politicians, institutional leaders or administrators, higher education researchers,
members of the academic staff of universities and colleges, or students. It will
include both mature and developing systems of higher education, covering public as
well as private institutions.
All volumes published in the ‘Higher Education Dynamics’ series get peer-
reviewed (single-blind).
The series is included in Scopus.
Manja Klemenčič
Editor
From Actors to Reforms
in European Higher
Education
A Festschrift for Pavel Zgaga
Editor
Manja Klemenčič
Department of Sociology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences
Harvard University
Cambridge, MA, USA
ISSN 1571-0378 ISSN 2215-1923 (electronic)
Higher Education Dynamics
ISBN 978-3-031-09399-9 ISBN 978-3-031-09400-2 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-09400-2
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Contents
1 Introduction: From Actors to Reforms in European
Higher Education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Manja Klemenčič
2 Pavel Zgaga: Actor in Reforms of Higher Education . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Slavko Gaber
Part I Reforming European Higher Education
3 The Silent Treks of Transformative Thinkers and Successful
Reformers in Higher Education: A European Experience . . . . . . . . . 37
Liviu Matei
4 The Myth of Power: Governing Reform in the Bologna
Process of Higher Education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Robert Wagenaar
5 From the EHEA to the EEA: Renewed State-Making Ambitions
in the Regional Governance of Education in Europe . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Susan L. Robertson, Kris Olds, and Roger Dale
6 Pavel Zgaga and Bologna Actors: Policymaking on the External
Dimension and the Bologna Policy Forum, 2003–2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Anne Corbett
7 Cooperation in Higher Education Before and Beside
the European Higher Education Area: Slovenia and Austria . . . . . . . 95
Elsa Hackl
8 Higher Education in Two Countries from ex-Yugoslav
Federation: 30 Years of Constitutional Embracement . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
Aleksa Bjeliš
v
vi Contents
Part II Global Challenges to Higher Education Reforms
9 Actors and Actorhood in Higher Education Regionalisms . . . . . . . . . 127
Meng-Hsuan Chou
10 Agents of Global Competition in the International
Student Market . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
Janja Komljenovic
11 The Diffusion of Higher Education Reforms
from the Global North. The Case of Sub-Saharan Africa . . . . . . . . . . 155
Sintayehu Kassaye Alemu
12 Reforms in Quality Assurance: A Response to Recent
Challenges in a Transforming Higher Education Sector . . . . . . . . . . . 169
Stamenka Uvalić-Trumbić
13 Higher Education in Europe in the Context
of Global Developments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
Barbara M. Kehm
Part III Social Dimension in Higher Education and Democracy
14 Unpacking the Social Dimension of Universities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199
Peter Scott
15 Tuition Fees and University Reforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213
Zdenko Kodelja
16 The Democratic Role and Public Responsibility
of Higher Education and Science. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225
Åse Gornitzka and Peter Maassen
17 Education for Democracy: Balancing Intellectual Rigor
and Political Action . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239
Sjur Bergan
Part IV Teachers and Teacher Education, Academics
and Academic Profession
18 Teacher Education as Part of Higher Education:
The Mission and Challenges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255
Hannele Niemi
19 The Transformative Potential of Doctoral Networks
in Teacher Education: A European Perspective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271
Vasileios Symeonidis and Michael Schratz
Contents vii
20 Academics, Neo-liberalism and English Higher Education:
Decline and Fall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285
Ian Jamieson, Rajani Naidoo, and Jürgen Enders
21 Global Vertical Stratification of Institutions
and the Academic Profession: The Role of Research
in Future High Participation Environments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299
Marek Kwiek
22 Impact of Internationalisation Strategies on Academics’
International Research Activities – Case Study of the Three
HE Peripheries: Slovenia, Croatia and Lithuania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313
Alenka Flander, Sebastian Kočar, Bojana Ćulum Ilić,
Liudvika Leišytė, Sude Pekşen, and Nena Rončević
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337
About the Editor
Manja Klemenčič is Associate Senior Lecturer on Sociology of Higher Education
and in General Education, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Harvard University and
Associate Researcher, Centre of Educational Policy Studies, Faculty of Education,
University of Ljubljana. Manja’s main research is on students’ impact on higher
education through representation, service roles, campus employment, consumer-
ism, and activism. She also works on student agency in student-centered learning
and teaching, and a broad range of other higher education topics. Since 2014, Manja
serves as Editor-in-Chief of European Journal of Higher Education, and since 2015
as Co-Editor of the academic book series Understanding Student Experiences of
Higher Education. She co-edited The International Encyclopedia of Higher
Education Systems and Institutions (Springer, 2020) and The Routledge International
Handbook of Student-Centered Learning and Teaching in Higher Education
(Routledge, 2020). Manja won multiple awards for excellence in teaching at
Harvard, and regularly acts as a consultant for international organizations and gov-
ernments on higher education policies and programs.
ix
Chapter 1
Introduction: From Actors to Reforms
in European Higher Education
Manja Klemenčič
Abstract In the last three decades, European higher education has experienced
more reforms than in any other such (short) period in history. These reforms were
accompanied and to a large extent prompted by an unprecedented degree of inter-
governmental cooperation in higher education. This introductory chapter to the vol-
ume “From Actors to Reforms in European Higher Education: A Festschrift for
Pavel Zgaga” presents the conceptual framework drawing on the proposition that
‘new policies create a new politics’. The chapter reviews the major reform processes
in European higher education over the last 30 years and discusses some implications
on the political opportunities of actors, especially students and academics.
Furthermore, the chapter discusses the new wave of higher education reforms intro-
duced by the European Strategy for Universities published by the European
Commission in 2022 and raises some questions on impact of these reforms on the
politics of European higher education. Finally, the chapter summarizes the contribu-
tions in this volume. Inspired by and in conversation with Pavel Zgaga’s scholar-
ship, teaching and service, contributions in this volume explore the questions of
actors and reforms in European higher education and their connections to higher
education reforms beyond Europe. The contributors have a highly diverse back-
ground and include both early-career and well-established scholars and practitio-
ners, and they come from different European regions, including Slovenia and its
neighbourhoods, and beyond Europe.
Keywords Higher education reforms · Europe · Higher education politics ·
European Strategy for Universities · European University Initiative
M. Klemenčič (*)
Department of Sociology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Harvard University,
Cambridge, MA, USA
Centre for Educational Policy Studies, Faculty of Education, University of Ljubljana,
Ljubljana, Slovenia
e-mail: [email protected]
© The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature 1
Switzerland AG 2022
M. Klemenčič (ed.), From Actors to Reforms in European Higher Education,
Higher Education Dynamics 58, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-09400-2_1
