First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2015

769 Pages·2015·39.177 MB·English

by  Tao Le, Vikas Bhushan

FIRST AID
FOR
THE®
USMLE
STEP 1
2015
TAO LE, MD, MHS VIKAS BHUSHAN, MD
Associate Clinical Professor Diagnostic Radiologist
Chief, Section of Allergy and Immunology Los Angeles
Department of Medicine
University of Louisville

MATTHEW SOCHAT, MD PATRICK SYLVESTER
Resident, Department of Neurology The Ohio State University College of Medicine
New York University School of Medicine Class of 2015

MICHAEL MEHLMAN KIMBERLY KALLIANOS, MD
University of Queensland, Australia Resident, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging
Class of 2015 University of California, San Francisco

New York / Chicago / San Francisco / Lisbon / London / Madrid / Mexico City
Milan / New Delhi / San Juan / Seoul / Singapore / Sydney / Toronto
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Copyright © 2015 by Tao Le and Vikas Bhushan. All rights reserved. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or
distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher, with the exception that the program listings may
be entered, stored, and executed in a computer system, but they may not be reproduced for publication.
ISBN: 978-0-07-184007-1
MHID: 0-07-184007-9
The material in this eBook also appears in the print version of this title: ISBN: 978-0-07-184006-4,
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Dedication
To the contributors to this and past editions, who took time to share
their knowledge, insight, and humor for the benefit of students.
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Contents
Contributing Authors vii General Acknowledgments xv
Associate Authors viii How to Contribute xix
Faculty Reviewers ix How to Use This Book xxi
Twenty-Fifth Anniversary Foreword xi Common USMLE Laboratory Values xxii
Preface xiii First Aid Checklist for the USMLE Step 1 xxiv
Special Acknowledgments xiv
``SECTION I GUIDE TO EFFICIENT EXAM PREPARATION 1
Introduction 2 Test-Taking Strategies 18
USMLE Step 1—The Basics 2 Clinical Vignette Strategies 20
Defining Your Goal 11 If You Think You Failed 20
Excelling in the Preclinical Years 12 If You Failed 21
Timeline for Study 13 Testing Agencies 21
Study Materials 17 References 22
``SECTION I SUPPLEMENT SPECIAL SITUATIONS 23
First Aid for the International Medical Graduate 24 First Aid for the Podiatric Medical Student 39
First Aid for the Osteopathic Medical Student 34 First Aid for the Student with a Disability 41
``SECTION II HIGH-YIELD GENERAL PRINCIPLES 43
How to Use the Database 44 Immunology 197
Behavioral Science 47 Pathology 221
Biochemistry 61 Pharmacology 241
Microbiology 117
v
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``SECTION III HIGH-YIELD ORGAN SYSTEMS 263
Approaching the Organ Systems 264 Neurology 447
Cardiovascular 267 Psychiatry 503
Endocrine 311 Renal 525
Gastrointestinal 341 Reproductive 557
Hematology and Oncology 381 Respiratory 599
Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue 415 Rapid Review 623
``SECTION IV TOP-RATED REVIEW RESOURCES 643
How to Use the Database 644 Cell Biology and Histology 649
Question Banks 646 Microbiology and Immunology 649
Question Books 646 Pathology 650
Internet Sites 646 Pharmacology 651
Mobile Apps 647 Physiology 652
Comprehensive 647 Commercial Review Courses 653
Anatomy, Embryology, and Neuroscience 647 Publisher Contacts 659
Behavioral Science 648 Abbreviations and Symbols 661
Biochemistry 648 Photo Acknowledgments 669
``
Index 687 About the Authors 743
vi
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Contributing Authors
DANIEL AARONSON JOUZIF IBRAHIM, MD
Sackler School of Medicine Resident, Department of Anesthesiology
Class of 2016 New York State University at Buffalo School of Medicine
MARK D. ARD, MA
MEHBOOB KALANI
Editor, firstaidteam.com
Loma Linda University School of Medicine University of St. Eustatius School of Medicine
Class of 2016 Class of 2015
YASH CHAVDA
NYIT College of Osteopathic Medicine M. SCOTT MOORE, DO
Class of 2015
Resident, Department of Pathology
University of Arizona School of Medicine
FRANCIS DENG
Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis
Class of 2016 JUDITH RAMEL, MD
American University of the Caribbean
NATHANIEL R. GREENBAUM Class of 2014
Sackler School of Medicine
Class of 2016
NINO SIKHARULIDZE, MD
ANN R. HUA Department of Endocrinology
University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio Tbilisi State Medical University
Class of 2017
JACK HUA JARED A. WHITE, MS
University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio University of Mississippi School of Medicine
Class of 2015 Class of 2016
Image and IllustratIon team
PRAMOD THEETHA KARIYANNA, MD RICHARD P. USATINE, MD
Resident, Department of Internal Medicine Professor, Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery
Brookdale University Hospital and Medical Center Professor, Family and Community Medicine
University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio
vii
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Associate Authors
JESSIE DHALIWAL ERIC DAEHO KIM
Western University of Health Sciences College of Osteopathic Medicine Western University of Health Sciences College of Osteopathic Medicine
Class of 2016 Class of 2016
ASHWANI GORE RYAN K. MEYER
St. George’s University School of Medicine Rutgers New Jersey Medical School
Class of 2015 Class of 2016
JAN ANDRE GRAUMAN, MA SATYAJIT REDDY
San Juan Bautista School of Medicine Alpert Medical School of Brown University
Class of 2016 Class of 2015
Image and IllustratIon team
WENDY E. ABBOTT JOCELYN T. COMPTON
Kentucky College of Osteopathic Medicine Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons
Class of 2015 Class of 2015
KEVIN AU JULIA KING
Albany Medical College New York University School of Medicine
Class of 2015 MD/PhD Candidate
viii
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Faculty Reviewers
MARIA ANTONELLI, MD JEFFREY J. GOLD, MD
Rheumatology Fellow, Department of Medicine Associate Professor, Department of Neurology
Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine University of California, San Diego School of Medicine
BRIAN S. APPLEBY, MD WHITNEY GREEN, MD
Associate Professor, Department of Neurology Resident, Department of Pathology
Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine Johns Hopkins Hospital
HERMAN BAGGA, MD
RYAN C. W. HALL, MD
Fellow, Department of Urology
Assistant Professor, Department of Psychiatry
Cleveland Clinic
University of South Florida
ADITYA BARDIA, MBBS, MPH
MARGARET HAYES, MD
Attending Physician, Massachusetts General Hospital
Pulmonary and Critical Care Fellow
Harvard Medical School
Johns Hopkins Hospital
JOHN BARONE, MD
JEFFREY W. HOFMANN, PhD
Anatomic and Surgical Pathology
BaroneRocks.com The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University
MD Candidate
BROOKS D. CASH, MD
DEEPALI JAIN, MD
Professor of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology
University of South Alabama School of Medicine Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology
All India Institute of Medical Sciences
LINDA S. COSTANZO, PhD
BRIAN C. JENSEN, MD
Professor of Physiology & Biophysics
Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine Assistant Professor of Medicine and Pharmacology
University of North Carolina McAllister Heart Institute
ANTHONY L. DeFRANCO, PhD
Professor of Microbiology and Immunology JENNIFER LE, MD
University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine
Associate Professor, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
University of Louisville School of Medicine
CHARLES S. DELA CRUZ, MD, PhD
Assistant Professor, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine GERALD LEE, MD
Yale School of Medicine
Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatrics
University of Louisville School of Medicine
CONRAD FISCHER, MD
Residency Program Director, Brookdale University Hospital KACHIU LEE, MD, MPH
Brooklyn, New York
Associate Professor of Medicine, Physiology, and Pharmacology Department of Dermatology
Touro College of Medicine Harvard Medical School
STUART D. FLYNN, MD WARREN LEVINSON, MD, PhD
Dean, College of Medicine Professor, Department of Microbiology & Immunology
University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine
ix
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