Fiber-Wireless Convergence in Next-Generation Communication Networks: Systems, Architectures, and Management

420 Pages·2017·15.944 MB·English

by  Massimo Tornatore, Gee-Kung Chang, Georgios Ellinas (eds.)

Optical Networks
Series Editor: Biswanath Mukherjee
Massimo Tornatore
Gee-Kung Chang
Georgios Ellinas Editors
Fiber-Wireless
Convergence in
Next-Generation
Communication
Networks
Systems, Architectures, and
Management
Optical Networks
Series editor
Biswanath Mukherjee, Davis, USA
The book series in Optical Networks encompasses both optical communications
and networks, including both theoretical and applied books. The series describes
currentadvancesatthecuttingedgeofthefieldandisaimedespeciallyatindustry
practitioners, researchers, and doctoral students.
The series emphasizes the following major areas:
(cid:129) optical network architectures;
(cid:129) enabling technologies for optical communication networks;
(cid:129) wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) based networks;
(cid:129) optical access and metro networks;
(cid:129) long-haul optical networks;
(cid:129) optical packet networks;
(cid:129) optical burst-switched networks;
(cid:129) fault-tolerant optical networks;
(cid:129) optical network control and management; and
(cid:129) emerging industry standards.
The series features the following types of books:
(cid:129) Intermediate to advanced level textbooks as well as expository books that
extend and unify our knowledge and understanding of particular areas;
(cid:129) Handbooks and professional reference works that redefine “state-of-the-art,”
emphasizing expository surveys, completely new advances, and combinations
thereof;
(cid:129) Encyclopediascontainingarticlesdealingwiththeentirerangeofknowledgein
the field or its specialty subtopics; and
(cid:129) Research monographs that make substantial contributions tonew knowledge in
specialty subtopics.
These peer-reviewed titles ensure the highest quality content.
More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/6976
Massimo Tornatore Gee-Kung Chang
(cid:129)
Georgios Ellinas
Editors
Fiber-Wireless Convergence
in Next-Generation
Communication Networks
Systems, Architectures, and Management
123
Editors
Massimo Tornatore Georgios Ellinas
Department ofElectronics, Information Department ofElectrical andComputer
andBioengineering, DEIB Engineering
Politecnico di Milano University of Cyprus
Milan Cyprus
Italy Cyprus
Gee-Kung Chang
Schoolof Electrical andComputer
Engineering
Georgia Institute of Technology
Atlanta, GA
USA
ISSN 1935-3839 ISSN 1935-3847 (electronic)
Optical Networks
ISBN978-3-319-42820-8 ISBN978-3-319-42822-2 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-42822-2
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2016954914
©SpringerInternationalPublishingSwitzerland2017
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Gee-Kung Chang dedicates this book to his
wife Sharon
Georgios Ellinas dedicates this book
to his nephew Nicolas and his niece Carina
Massimo Tornatore dedicates this book
to his father Antonio
Foreword
Optical fiber networks and wireless networks have recently undergone significant
technologicalandarchitecturalevolutionthrough,e.g.,massivedeploymentsof4G
mobile networks and passive optical networks (PON). These sustained infrastruc-
ture upgrades have led to enormous investments for operators (billions of dollars).
Thenextimportantstepisnear,as5Gcommunicationnetworksareexpectedtobe
deployed by 2020, featuring unprecedented performance in terms of higher data
rates, lower latency, and network flexibility. To achieve this, 5G will resort to
solutionssuchassmall-celldeployment(micro,femto,etc.),coordinatedmulti-cell
processing, and centralized radio access networks that will ultimately burden the
optical metro/access segment due to the massive amount of mobile traffic to be
backhauled with sub-ms latency. Operators are now looking at a promising set of
techniques characterized by strict cooperation between fiber-based and
wireless-based technologies. These techniques are generically referred to as fiber-
wireless convergence, forming the main subject of this book.
Thisbook’seditorshavedoneanexcellentjobincapturingthevarioustechnical
facetsoffiber-wirelessconvergence.Theypresent,usingasetofclearandcohesive
edited contributions, the impact and role of fiber-wireless convergence in various
areas of network engineering, covering transmission systems, network architec-
tures, and network management and control.
The book has been co-edited by Professor Gee-Kung Chang of Georgia Tech
University in Atlanta, Professor George Ellinas of University of Cyprus, and
ProfessorMassimoTornatoreofPolitecnicodiMilano,Italy.Theeditorialteamhas
diverse and complementary expertise on the various areas of fiber-wireless con-
vergence, which is then reflected in the comprehensive coverage of the book that
spans, e.g., from detailed description of key transmission systems such as digital
radio-over-fiber(D-RoF),totheroleofsoftware-definednetwork(SDN)controlfor
convergence.
The book is divided into four parts: (1) path towards convergence; (2) systems;
(3) architectures; and (4) management. In Part I, the reader is introduced to
fiber-wireless convergence, both from the point of view of today’s market trends
vii
viii Foreword
andfromthepointofviewofthe5Gtechnicalchallengesthatcallforconvergence.
InPartII,transmissionsystemswhicharemoredirectlyaffectedbyconvergenceare
overviewed, with a description of analog and D-RoF techniques, millimeter-wave
wireless, and a detailed overview of system challenges that can be addressed by
SDN. Part III captures the relevant problems and challenges on network architec-
tures, covering topics as PON-based convergence, hoteling of remotized baseband
functions “BBU hoteling”, and the “No Cell” vision of future mobile networks.
Finally, Part IV includes relevant management and control problems such as the
new role of metropolitan central office (Next Generation Point of Presence), and
impact of SDN and radio coordination on convergence.
The editors deserve praise for the excellent lineup of contributing authors, who
comefromleadingcompanies,reputableuniversities,andresearchlaboratories,and
with strong geographical diversity. This book is highly recommended as it offers
timely,comprehensive,andauthoritativereferencetoinformationonfiber-wireless
convergence. We expect that the reader will enjoy the book.
August 2016 Biswanath Mukherjee
University of California
Davis, USA
Preface
Communicationnetworksmustcontinuouslyevolvetoensureasustainablegrowth
of our “Internet Society.” It has been repeatedly observed that the push for more
and more advanced network services leads inevitably to an exponential growth of
traffic volumes and to higher quality-of-service requirements by the users; only by
resorting to novel technologies and architectural solutions network, operators can
keep pace with users’ requirements. The next big innovations in the telecom
industry seem to be the forecasted massive deployment of IoT devices (hence the
related machine-to-machine communication paradigm), the explosion of
video-content network distribution, and the development of ultra-low latency net-
work services. To address the technical challenges associated with these services,
many companies, research institutes, and standardization bodies have now started
the race towards the 5th generation of mobile communications. Fifth-generation
networks are expected to support unprecedented bit rates, guaranteeing strict
latency and reliable performance, and offering support for connecting together a
tremendous number of devices. Fifth-generation networks will use very dense,
low-power, small-cell networks with a high spatial reuse and a high degree of
coordination due to strong inter-cell interference. Both fiber-based and wireless-
based backhaul solutionswill be usedtoconnect small cells andthecore network,
but so far, access and backhaul are individually designed and therefore not jointly
optimized. Hence, the design of 5G networks has long dictated the necessity to
merge the currently distinct fiber and wireless infrastructures into an amalgamated
network capable of combining the strength of both technologies: the stability and
high bandwidth of optical fibers with the flexibility and mobility of wireless net-
works. This process of integration of the two technologies is usually referred as
fiber-wireless convergence (or fixed-wireless convergence) and comprises a large
set of technical challenges and solutions.
In this book, we provide the recent developments in the field offiber-wireless
convergence, concentrating on solutions that will be used to support the backhaul,
midhaul,andfronthaulof5Gnetworks.Thetextpresentsthetrendsofindustry,as
well as current research, in state-of-the-art architectures of converged systems
and networks, and takes a vertically layered approach starting from systems,
ix
x Preface
to architectures, to management/control issues of fixed-mobile convergence.
This book is different from a number of other works on 5G networks that tend to
focus heavily on the wireless aspects of 5G. Instead, we decided to look at both
networking and systems issues, and focus on the latest research developments in a
numberofareasincludingradiooverfiber,centralizedcloudradioaccessnetwork,
and coordinated multi-point transmission for multiple base stations. This book is
meant to be an introduction for any reader interested in having a holistic approach
to the technical issues in fiber-wireless convergence and to readers interested in
understandingsomekeyaspectsinmoredepth.Theaimoftheeditorsistopresenta
body of work that can provide the research scientist, company engineer, and the
university professor/researcher with a better understanding on fiber-wireless con-
vergence and ensure that experienced as well as novice researchers can have a
single handy source of reference on this topic.
Thebookisdividedintofourpartsthatcanappealtodifferentneedsofreaders,
who are interested in various networking domains and issues. Part I is comprised
of the introduction, the market, and the technical motivations for fiber-wireless
convergence.PartIIpresentsanddiscussestransmissionsystemsforwireless-signal
transport over fiber (A-RoF and D-RoF), and competing technology to these sys-
tems (namely multi-band RF and millimeter-wave transmission), and a set of
opportunities that software-defined networks (SDNs) enable for such transmis-
sion systems. Part III concentrates on architectural issues related to network inte-
gration of fiber and wireless technologies (including use of PONs for mobile
backhauling, baseband-unit hoteling, and centralized/coordinated architectures for
radio access network, as the No-More-Cell architecture). Finally, Part IV covers
management/control topics related to how and which network functions should
converge in specific metro offices (Next Generation Point of Presence), as well as
provides a closer look to some of these functions such as radio coordination and
other SDN-controlled cloud services.
AcknowledgmentsWeareextremelygratefultoourpastadvisorsandmentors,
colleagues, students, and friends, who have motivated, inspired, and guided us to
work in the new field of fiber-wireless convergence. All of them offered us their
invaluable advise, exceptional insight, and foresight. They provided us with valu-
able guidance throughout theyears and helped us better understand and appreciate
various aspects of this new technological area. We would also be remiss if we did
not extend a thank you to Professor Biswanath Mukherjee for taking the time to
writetheForewordforthisbookandforhispatienceandencouragementwhilethis
bookwasbeingpreparedanddelivered.WealsowishtoexpressourthankstoZoe
Kennedy,Mary James,and theentire publishingteam atSpringerVerlag, for their
effort and patience in order to bring this project to fruition. Also, a special thanks
goes to all the authors who contributed chapters for this book. Finally, Georgios
Ellinasisgreatlyindebtedtohisfamilyfortheirunderstandingandpatienceduring
this undertaking. Gee-Kung Chang wishes to thank his wife for her unwavering
support and express profound gratitude to Ken Byers who endows an eminent
scholar chair professor in advanced telecommunications research at Georgia Tech
forseveraldecades.MassimoTornatoregratefullyacknowledgeshisfamilyandhis