Feigin and Cherry's Textbook of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, 6th Edition

3689 Pages·2009·73.49 MB·English

by  James Cherry MD MSc

1600 John F. Kennedy Boulevard
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Volume 1: Part no. 9996036847
Volume 2: Part no. 9996036901
FEIGIN & CHERRY’S TEXTBOOK OF PEDIATRIC Two-volume set ISBN: 978-1-4160-4044-6
INFECTIOUS DISEASES
Copyright © 2009, 2004, 1998, 1992, 1987, 1981 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
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Knowledge and best practice in this fi eld are constantly changing. As new research and experience
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Feigin & Cherry’s textbook of pediatric infectious diseases / [edited by] Ralph D. Feigin . . . [et al.].
—6th ed.
p. ; cm.
Rev. ed. of: Textbook of pediatric infectious diseases / [edited by] Ralph D. Feigin . . . [et al.]. 5th ed.
c2004
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-4160-4044-6
1. Communicable diseases in children. I. Feigin, Ralph D. II. Textbook of pediatric infectious
diseases. III. Title: Textbook of pediatric infectious diseases.
[DNLM: 1. Communicable Diseases. 2. Child. 3. Pediatrics—methods. WC 100 F297 2009]
RJ401.T49 2009
618.92′98—dc22 2008015063
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FM-X4044.indd iv 3/23/2009 4:58:43 PM
Ralph D. Feigin, M.D.
April 3, 1938–August 14, 2008
With great sadness, we dedicate this sixth edition of the Textbook experience and were legendary among medical students and resi-
of Pediatric Infectious Diseases to Ralph D. Feigin. As everyone in dents. In 1977, Ralph moved to Houston, Texas, to accept the
pediatrics and, in particular, pediatric infectious diseases, knows, challenge of being the Chair of Pediatrics for Baylor College of
Ralph was an extraordinary individual, and his untimely death Medicine and the Physician-in-Chief at Texas Children’s Hos-
leaves a void that will never be fi lled. pital. During the ensuing 30 years, the Department grew from
Ralph Feigin was born in New York City on April 3, 1938. 43 faculty members to almost 500. One of us (SLK) came under
He graduated from Columbia College in New York City in 1958 Ralph’s spell in St. Louis and moved to Houston with him. The
and received his M.D. from Boston University School of Medi- other one of us (GJD-H), an intern in Houston in 1977, was
cine in 1962. He married Judith S. Zobel, a childhood friend, in waiting for Dr. Feigin when he arrived.
1960 while in medical school. Ralph completed his fi rst two years In Houston, Ralph served as the Chair of Pediatrics for Baylor
of pediatric residency at Boston City Hospital and his third year College of Medicine and the Physician-in-Chief at Texas Chil-
at the Massachusetts General Hospital. He then fulfi lled his mili- dren’s Hospital for 31 years. For 7 years of his tenure, he also
tary service requirement at the United States Army Research served as President and CEO of Baylor College of Medicine.
Institute of Infectious Diseases, Ft. Detrick, Frederick, Maryland. In addition to his commitments in Houston, Ralph served in
While at the United States Army Research Institute, he partici- leadership roles on more than 100 local, regional, and national
pated in signifi cant studies relating to circadian periodicity and committees and professional societies. His efforts in persuading
susceptibility to infections, as well as other studies that resulted government offi cials of all ranks helped children in Texas, the
in eight publications for which he was the fi rst author. After United States, and in all parts of the world. Many consider him
completing his service commitment, he was Chief Resident at to be the foremost pediatrician in the world.
Massachusetts General Hospital during the 1967-68 academic As will be noted in the table of contents of this 6th edition of
year. Feigin and Cherry, Ralph made his usual contributions to the
Ralph was recruited to Washington University in St. Louis by text. In spite of his illness, he contributed to the book and made
Phil Dodge in 1968, and soon thereafter he and one of us (JDC), decisions relating to it until right before his death. Not only
who was then at St. Louis University, got together and forged an was Dr. Feigin a powerhouse of energy, speed, and unsurpassed
academic and personal friendship that continued until the time accomplishments, but he also was a gentleman, full of compassion,
of his death. Almost 40 years ago, the two investigators recog- warmth, and kindness, and a man who kept people and patients
nized the need for a comprehensive book on pediatric infectious fi rst in his heart and mind. He was a loving husband to his wife,
diseases, but because of their busy schedules the plan was put on Judy, and a proud father to his three children, Susan, Debra, and
hold, and in 1973 Jim moved to California. In 1976, the pediatric Michael; doting grandfather to his six grandchildren, Rebecca,
research meetings were held in St. Louis, and at this time Jim Matthew, Sarah, Rachel, Jacob, and Eli; and a mentor to so many
and Ralph met with W. B. Saunders representatives, and the book of us in the fi eld of pediatrics and pediatric infectious diseases.
was conceived. The fi rst edition of the textbook was published 5 Ralph Feigin is missed by everyone who knew him, particularly
years later in the fall of 1981. In comparison with this 6th edition, by Judy Feigin and the family as well as by the three of us.
it was a modest effort, with 44 chapters and 124 contributors.
At Washington University and St. Louis Children’s Hospital, JDC
Ralph developed one of the fi nest infectious diseases divisions in SLK
the country. His “Feigin Rounds” were an unparalleled learning GJD-H
FM-X4044.indd v 3/23/2009 4:58:44 PM
To our spouses—
Judith Feigin, Jeanne Cherry, Neil Harrison, and Marsha Kaplan
our children—
Susan Feigin Harris and Jonathan Harris, Michael and Barbara Feigin,
Debra Feigin Sukin and Steven Sukin;
James Cherry, Jeffrey Cherry and
Kass Hogan, Susan Cherry, Kenneth and Jennifer Cherry;
Emily Demmler Wolfe and Joshua Wolfe, Matthew Demmler, Amy Demmler, Anna Rose Demmler,
Kelly Harrison, and Haley Harrison;
and Lauren Kaplan, Mindy Kaplan Langland and Lance Langland
and our grandchildren—
Rebecca and Sarah Harris, Matthew and Rachel Feigin, Jacob and Eli Sukin; Ferguson,
Dennis, and Siena Rose Cherry; and Reece Langland
FM-X4044.indd vi 3/23/2009 4:58:49 PM

C
O N T R I B U T O R S
John G. Aaskov, Ph.D. Jane T. Atkins, M.D.
School of Life Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Consultant, Pediatric Infectious Diseases, and Hospital
Brisbane, Queensland, Australia Epidemiologist, Methodist Children’s Hospital of South Texas,
Alphaviruses: Ross River Virus Arthritis; Flaviviruses: Murray Valley Encephalitis San Antonio, Texas
Cyclosporiasis, Isosporiasis, and Microsporidiosis
Susan M. Abdel-Rahman, Pharm.D.
Associate Professor of Pediatrics, University of Missouri at Kansas Robert L. Atmar, M.D.
City School of Medicine; Director, Pharmacokinetic and Professor, Departments of Medicine and Molecular Virology and
Pharmacodynamic Care Laboratory, Children’s Mercy Hospital Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine; Chief, Infectious Diseases
and Clinics, Kansas City, Missouri Service, Department of Medicine, Ben Taub General Hospital,
The Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Interface: Determinants of Anti-infective Houston, Texas
Drug Action and Effi cacy in Pediatrics Rhinoviruses
Christoph Aebi, M.D. Carol J. Baker, M.D.
Head, Pediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Professor of Pediatrics and Molecular Virology and Microbiology,
Pediatrics and Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Baylor College of Medicine; Attending Physician, Infectious Diseases
Bern, Switzerland Service, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas
Flaviviruses: Tick-Borne Encephalitis Cervical Lymphadenitis; Group B Streptococcal Infections
Marvin E. Ament, M.D. Robert S. Baltimore, M.D.
Professor of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA; Professor of Pediatrics, Epidemiology, and Public Health, Yale
Chief, Division of Gastroenterology, Mattel Children’s Hospital University School of Medicine; Attending Physician in Pediatrics and
UCLA, Los Angeles, California Associate Hospital Epidemiologist, Yale–New Haven Children’s
Esophagitis Hospital, New Haven, Connecticut
Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases
Marsha S. Anderson, M.D.
Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver Stephen J. Barenkamp, M.D.
School of Medicine; Attending Physician, Children’s Hospital, Professor of Pediatrics and Molecular Biology, St. Louis University
Aurora, Colorado School of Medicine; Director, Division of Pediatric Infectious
Meningococcal Infections Diseases, Cardinal Glennon Children’s Medical Center, St. Louis,
Missouri
Haemophilus infl uenzae; Other Haemophilus Species (aphrophilus, ducreyi,
Stephen S. Arnon, M.D.
haemolyticus, infl uenzae Biogroup Aegyptius, parahaemolyticus, and
Founder and Chief, Infant Botulism Treatment and Prevention
parainfl uenzae)
Program, California Department of Health Services, Richmond,
California
Infant Botulism Elizabeth D. Barnett, M.D.
Associate Professor of Pediatrics, Boston University School of
Medicine; Section of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Boston Medical
Ann M. Arvin, M.D. Center, Boston, Massachusetts
Vice Provost and Dean of Research, Stanford University; Professor of
Malaria
Microbiology and Immunology and Lucile Salter Packard Professor of
Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford;
Attending Physician, Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital, Palo Alto,
California
Herpes Simplex Viruses 1 and 2
vii
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viii CONTRIBUTORS
Robert D. Basow, M.D. Bobby L. Boyanton, Jr., M.D.
Community Preceptor Attending, Department of Community Medical Director, Clinical Microbiology, William Beaumont
Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester, Hospital, Royal Oak, Michigan
Massachusetts Bacterial Laboratory Diagnosis
Streptobacillus moniliformis (Rat-Bite Fever); Spirillum minus (Rat-Bite Fever)
Kenneth M. Boyer, M.D.
William R. Beisel, M.D. Woman’s Board Professor of Pediatrics, Rush Medical College;
Adjunct Professor (retired), W. Harry Feinstone Department of Chairman, Department of Pediatrics, Rush Children’s Hospital
Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins School of of Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
Hygiene and Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland Nonbacterial Pneumonia; Congenital Toxoplasmosis; Borrelia (Relapsing Fever);
Metabolic Response of the Host to Infections Toxoplasmosis
Beth P. Bell, M.D., M.P.H. John S. Bradley, M.D.
Associate Director for Epidemiologic Science, National Center for Director, Division of Infectious Diseases, Rady Children’s Hospital–
Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control San Diego, San Diego, California
and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia Peritonitis and Intra-abdominal Abscess; Retroperitoneal Infections; Outpatient
Hepatitis A Virus Intravenous Antimicrobial Therapy for Serious Infections
Gil Benard, M.D., Ph.D. Michael T. Brady, M.D.
Medical Researcher, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Chair and Professor, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine,
São Paulo, Brazil The Ohio State University; Physician-in-Chief, Nationwide
Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
Paracoccidioidomycosis
Pseudomonas and Related Genera
David I. Bernstein, M.D., M.A.
Professor, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College William J. Britt, M.D.
of Medicine; Director, Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Professor of Pediatrics and Microbiology, The University of Alabama
Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio at Birmingham School of Medicine; Attending Physician, Children’s
Hospital of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama
Rotaviruses
Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies (Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease,
Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker Disease, Kuru, Fatal Familial Insomnia,
Kathrin M. Bernt, M.D. New Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease, Sporadic Fatal Insomnia)
Pediatrician, Boston, Massachusetts
Interaction of Infection and Nutrition
Annemarie Broderick, M.D.
Consultant/Clinician-Scientist, Our Lady’s Hospital for
Andrea A. Berry, M.D. Sick Children, Dublin, Ireland
Fellow, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases and Hepatitis B and D Viruses
Tropical Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine,
Baltimore, Maryland
David E. Bronstein, M.D., M.S.
Diarrhea-Causing and Dysentery-Causing Escherichia coli
Department of Pediatrics, Southern California Permanente Medical
Group, Palmdale, California
Charles D. Bluestone, M.D. Aseptic Meningitis and Viral Meningitis; Encephalitis and Meningoencephalitis
Eberly Professor of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Department of
Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine;
David A. Bruckner, Sc.D.
Director, Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Children’s
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen
Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
Otitis Media
Nomenclature for Aerobic and Anaerobic Bacteria; Classifi cation of Fungi; Fungal
Laboratory Analysis: Specimen Collection, Direct Detection, and Culture;
Jeffrey L. Blumer, M.D., Ph.D. Parasitic Laboratory Diagnosis
Professor of Pediatrics and Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve
University; Director, Rainbow Regional Network Development,
Steven C. Buckingham, M.D.
Rainbow Babies and Children’s Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio
Associate Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric
Antibiotic Resistance
Infectious Diseases, University of Tennessee Health Science Center;
Attending Physician, Le Bonheur Children’s Medical Center,
Robert Bortolussi, M.D., F.R.C.P.C. Memphis, Tennessee
Professor of Pediatrics and Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie Other Anaerobic Infections
University Faculty of Medicine; Staff Consultant, IWK Health
Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
Listeriosis
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CONTRIBUTORS ix
Ana Burgos, M.D. James D. Cherry, M.D., M.Sc.
Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Professor of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA;
Durham, North Carolina Member, Division of Infectious Diseases, Mattel Children’s Hospital
Aspergillus and Aspergillosis UCLA, Los Angeles, California
The Common Cold; Pharyngitis (Pharyngitis, Tonsillitis, Tonsillopharyngitis, and
Nasopharyngitis); Herpangina; Pharyngoconjunctival Fever; Sinusitis; Mastoiditis;
Carrie L. Byington, M.D.
Epiglottitis; Croup (Laryngitis, Laryngotracheitis, Spasmodic Croup,
Professor of Pediatrics and Associate Chair for Clinical Research, Laryngotracheobronchitis, Bacterial Tracheitis, and Laryngotracheobroncho-
University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah pneumonitis); Acute Bronchitis; Aseptic Meningitis and Viral Meningitis;
Streptobacillus moniliformis (Rat-Bite Fever); Spirillum minus (Rat-Bite Fever) Encephalitis and Meningoencephalitis; Cutaneous Manifestations of Systemic
Infections; Roseola Infantum (Exanthem Subitum); Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma
Infections of the Neonate; Pertussis and Other Bordetella Infections; Tetanus;
Judith R. Campbell, M.D. Human Parvovirus B19; Human Bocaviruses; Adenoviruses; Smallpox (Variola
Associate Professor of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Infectious Virus); Monkeypox and Other Poxviruses; Enteroviruses and Parechoviruses;
Diseases, Baylor College of Medicine; Attending Physician, Reoviruses; Rubella Virus; Measles Virus; Mumps Virus; Human
Pediatric Infectious Diseases Service, Texas Children’s Hospital, Metapneumovirus; Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma Infections
Houston, Texas
Parotitis; Peritonitis and Intra-abdominal Abscess P. Joan Chesney, M.D.
Professor of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of
Samson Cantu, M.D. Tennessee, Memphis, College of Medicine; Active Staff, Department
of Pediatrics, Le Bonheur Children’s Medical Center; Director, Offi ce
Fellow, Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition,
of Academic Programs, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital,
Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
Memphis, Tennessee
Helicobacter pylori
Toxic Shock Syndrome
Mariam R. Chacko, M.D.
Professor of Pediatrics, Section of Adolescent Medicine and Sports Madhuri C. Chilakapati, M.D.
Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine; Attending Physician, Texas Staff Physician, Kelsey Seybold Clinic, Houston, Texas
Children’s Hospital; Medical Director, Baylor Teen Health Clinics, Ocular Infectious Diseases
Houston, Texas
Genital Infections; Calymmatobacterium granulomatis; Trichomonas Infections Javier Chinen, M.D., Ph.D.
Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of
Louisa E. Chapman, M.D., M.S.P.H. Medicine; Attending Physician, Allergy and Immunology Service,
Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas
Captain, U.S. Public Health Service, and Medical Epidemiologist,
National Center for Zoonotics, Vector-Borne and Enteric Diseases, Primary Immunodefi ciencies
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
Hantaviruses Natascha Ching, M.D.
Assistant Clinical Professor of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of
Rémi N. Charrel, M.D., Ph.D. Medicine at UCLA; Attending Physician, Division of Pediatric
Infectious Diseases, Mattel Children’s Hospital UCLA, Los Angeles,
Associate Professor of Virology, Unité des Virus Emergents, Faculté
California
de Médecine, Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus Infection; Arenaviral Hemorrhagic Fevers; Arcanobacterium haemolyticum
Toscana Virus
H. Fred Clark, D.V.M., Ph.D.
Tempe K. Chen, M.D. Research Professor, Department of Pediatrics, University of
Pediatric Family Center, Long Beach, California Pennsylvania School of Medicine; Adjunct Professor, Wistar Institute,
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Adenoviruses
Rabies Virus
Thomas G. Cleary, M.D.
Professor of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases,
University of Texas–Houston Medical School; Professor of Pediatrics,
Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Memorial Hermann
Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas
Bacillus cereus; Shigella; Salmonella
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