Factors related to the eating behavior and dietary adequacy of girls 12 to 14 years of age

209 Pages·2017·6.44 MB·English

Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and
Retrospective Theses and Dissertations
Dissertations
1962
Factors related to the eating behavior and dietary
adequacy of girls 12 to 14 years of age
Maxine Armstrong Hinton
Iowa State University
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Hinton, Maxine Armstrong, "Factors related to the eating behavior and dietary adequacy of girls 12 to 14 years of age " (1962).
Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 2088.
https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/2088
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11INTON, Maxine Armstrong, 1919—
FACTORS RELATED TO THE EATING BEHAVIOR
AND DIETARY ADEQUACY OF GIRLS 12 TO 14 '
YEARS OF AGE.
Iowa State University of Science and Technology
Ph.D., 1962
Home Economics
University Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan
FACTORS RELATED TO THE EATIKG BEHAVIOR AMD
DIETARY ADEQUACY OF GIRLS TO 14 YEARS OF AGS
r.pxine Arn.stronp Hir.ton
- Dissertation 5ucrr.ittea to the
C-radurte Faculty in Partial Fulfill:..ent o
The Requirements l'or the Degree of
DOCTC^ OF PHILOSOPHY
i.pjor Subjects; Food ?r.a Lutritior-
j ^ •*> . v -s - 4 T ^ i ^ n "*• n V'
• UUiC ...CuiiUiiJlO CA «uuC; UxJii.
Approved:
Signature was redacted for privacy.
In Charge of i-.plotf ;;or£.
Signature was redacted for privacy.
Heads of r.a jor Departments
Signature was redacted for privacy.
Dey of Grad ate College
lovva State University
Of Science end Technology
Aa.es, Iowa
166 g:
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
INTRODUCTION • . . 1
Reasons for Study . . . . ..... . . . . ... 1
Selection of Factors. . . . . ... . . . . .... . 4
REVIEW OF LITERATURE . ................ 8
Physiological Saturation 8
Overweight. . . . . . . . 11
Activi ty . . 15
_Socio-economic Status . 17
Education of the iother . . . 18
Psychological Adjustment. . . 20
Family Relationships. . . . . . . 23
Employment of Mother. 25
Knowledge of Nutrition. . . ... . . . . . . . . 25
Taste Sensitivity and Food Preferences. . .'. . . 33
ko no tony of Diet. ................ 36
kETHOD OF PROCEDURE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Experimental Design . . . ... . ... . . . . . . . 38
Selection of Sample 39
Collection of Data. 41
Analysis of Data 59
FINDINGS 60
Characteristics of Sample 60
Relationships of Factors Studied to Indices of
Eating Behavior and Adequacy of Diet 71
DISCUSSION 103
Factors Related to Selection of an Adequate Diet. 103
Factors Not Significantly Related to
Eating Behavior 112
Relationship of Eating Behavior Indices
to Dietary Adequacy 116
Seasonal Variation of Eating Behavior
and Dietary Adequacy 117
Implications for Educational Programs 118
SUtasdARY AND CONCLUSIONS 125
ill
Page
LITERATURE CITED . . . . . . . . . . . . ..... . . 133
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. 140
APPENDIX A . . . . ... . . . . ... .... . . . . 141
Social Status Classification. . . . . . . . • . . 141
APPENDIX S . . ..... , . . . . . . . 143
Questionnaire 143
APPENDIX C 149
Checc. List of Foods 149
Food Enjoyment Scale I. 151
Food Enjoyment Scale II 151
Food Experience Scale • . . . . . 152
APPENDIX D . . . . . . ... ." . . . . . . . . . ... 153
Taste Test Record Form. . . ... . . . . . . . . 153
Concentrations of Solutions for Taste Tests . . . 154
APPENDIA E: VALUES INVENTORY. . . ... . . . . . . . 155
APPENDIX F - 170
Food Intake Records 170
Scoring of Food Intake Records 177
APPENDIX G ]/79
Sex-role Identification Scales 179
APPENDIX H 181
Test of Nutrition Knowledge 181
APPENDIX I 189
Physical Activity Record Form 189
APPENDIX J: CORRELATION MATRICES 191
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dietary -'c.c.-urcy. . 73
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rule 14. Relationship of ;..o hors1 e:i.ployr:.cnt mci
...e;..c: r ship in o :> r-n izptions to r,_e, go ci r 1
st' tus, î'ooo enjoy;:,e r.t, I'c-ol experience,
ertiny behavior pr.c. Cietrr; -c.equ?cy
of the (-.iris. • • . 20
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Tacle 15. Interrelationships among types of
responsibility of girls for family meals. . 93
T'aole 16. ' Relationship of responsibility for family
meals to food experience, eating behavior
and dietary adequacy. 94
Table 17. Relationship of family criticism to age,
social status, menarcheal status, food
enjoyment, food experience, eating
behavior and dietary adequacy . 96
Tacle 18. Relationship of reactions to new foods
to age, social status,.. food enjoyment,
food experience, eeting behavior and
dietary adequacy. . 98
Tacle 19. Significant F ratios of the dependent
variables -with the three independent
variables : age, menarche and social
status. . . . . . . . . « . ... . . . . . . 101
Tacle 20. Correlation matrix 1. . . . 192
Tacle 21. Correlation matrix 2 193
.41
vi
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1
. INTRODUCTION
Repsons for Study
Adolescence is p period of accelerated growth end devel­
opment. At tnis period the individual is advancing, from
childhood to : adulthood and is attCi-ptina to assert himself ?s
a ,ILG turing individual. Early adolescence is marked .by .rspid.
physic pi growth or .skeletal and soft tissues; sexuel matura­
tion; Pi id change's ir. interests, attitudes and em _;tional re­
sponses • As a result this is p period- of stress in p.: 1 as­
pects.' oi' development : 'physiological, psychological, emotional
and social. To ' ti.e .nutritionist, these cha.np es. mean increased
needs for energy and essential nutrients to rne^t the demands
or chemical- growtn. They mean differentiation in the nutri­
tional i.ecus of bo y s a..d girls and changes in the attitudes of
& a o 1... scent s to v: -r- ra 1'ooa.
The f~oa practices of adolescents and youny adults have
ueen of concern to many research wo rk T s in L.ar.y universities
and colleges and to perso: r.el in health rp encies as v:ell as
to parents, teachers, dietitians and physicians. Surveys of
large numbers of children have even undertaken to obtain
information on food intake and nutritional status- Some of
these have included biochemical tests to determine the con­
centration oi' nutrients in blood and excreta . The dietary
habits of many adolescents, particularly girls, --re not good
according to current standards. Between-meal snacks often
provide mainly food energy. Frequently breakfasts are omitted
and the nutrients missed • re" seldom replaced by the foods
eeten at other times.
Some iusdecuacles often found ir. the diets of adolescent
girls are calcium, due to a lov: consumption of milk, vitamin
A. ei.ci -scorcic • cic, due to insufficient intakes of csrotene-
ricii ci:d r scorcic acid-ric:: vegetables and -fruits. In some
s tuai e's the -n-complex vi tanins, and- iron intakes are loi-.', an
observation th: t ii.aic.- tes a nev:.&-' for - increasing- the intake of
meat ana/or wnoie t.r,:in and enriched cereal products (40).
A . s tuày . or ' tr.c . nu trient. in 1 * kr,s of I6;v? children ( 17) also
focuses attention on ado 1er cent ^ iris as a group whose nutri­
tion needs special attention. Poor diets for this .roup are
pr "ticulr.riy serious since g iris -: t this age are approaching
tue c.'iild bearing years and their nutritional s ta te can affect
the her-1th of the future generation. Stearns (50) points out
thr t among teen-age ...o there there is s hi.- n incidence of com­
piler tions during pregnancy and of defective infants. She
states:
Trie girl who marries uuring her mid-teens is apt to
be a girl poorly nourished through most of her life­
time and to oe equally ill-equipped to meet the
many psychological problems inh rent in establishing
a successful marriage and the net: racily. It is not
surprising, therefore, tn~t she is the le-st suc­
cès si'ul mother in producing a healthy full-term
infant. These young- adolescent girls greatly need
counseling in nutrition and in the --hole area of
preparation for successful family life. (50, p.
10 Ob )