Table Of Content'n-'-"<>fT-.'gBairiy'^".Tii|i-y-jbh
Recensement Census
1^1 SCtaantiasdtaique SCtaantiasdtiacs Canada
STATISTICS STAr^stiio'ye
CANADA CAMAO^
:<>V.t ^ 1995
LIDRAnY
NATIONAL CENSUS TEST
Report No. 28
Evaluation ofProcessing Operations
PhilStevens
Neelam Prakash
LorieShinder
SpecialSurveysDivision
July1994
Introduction
Thisreport discussesproblems resolved intheprocessing (including capture) ofthe 1993
National Census Test(NCT) survey. Itmayhelp intheplanning anddevelopment of
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to 1993Labour-Force Survey(LFS)procedures; astheLFSmovestoCAI(Computer-
AssistedInterviewing) some ofourproblems maybeunique tothe 1993test.
FieldOperations -Background
TheNCTusedaNovember 8,1993reference date. Questionnaire drop-offstarted on
Saturday October 30andfinishedonFriday,November 5,1993.
One component ofthetestwasselection ofasubsample ofNCThouseholds' whose
responses werecaptured asthe "EditFaUure Survey"(EFS) component ofdie surveyas
soonasreceived indieROs,then sentbacktointerviewers forfieldeditsandfoUow-up.
These questionnaires werere-captured inorder totestthefieldeditsandfollow-up.
Startup ofdata capture ofEFSresponses wasdelayed adayortwobecause ofthe
November 11thholiday(Thursday) andproblems encountered withthecapture program
writtenintheDC2software. Thefirsttransmission wasreceived fromtheEdmonton
RO onSaturday, November 13,1993. Data collectionwas completed forEFSresponses
byNovember 30,1993. TherawEFSfileconsisted of10,145person-records.
Data capture ofNCTresponses started onDecember 10,1993andthefinaltransmission
wasreceived onJanuary 26.1994. TherawNCTfile(combined LFS-based and special
populations) consisted of47,057person-records.
PrintRequirements
Labels: Labels andinterviewer-assignment control-listsweregenerated through theLFS
andhadtofitinwiththeLFSproduction facUities. Thehousehold identification codeon
'Sample selection wascompleted ontheMainframe byMikeEgan. Themain
sample wasselected asasubset ofthe LFSsample fromApril,MayandJune of1991,
which"rotated out"of(i.e.,finishedwith)theLFSinSeptember -November 1991. It
wasjudgedthat,twoyearsafterLFSparticipation, thehouseholds wouldnothave
retained anybiasinthen:attitudes fromdieLFSexperience thatwouldsignificandy
affecttheirNCTresponses. Atotal of17,109dwellingswasselected. TheEFS sample
was1/2oftheNCTsample, i.e.,8500dwellings. Afiirdier 3985dwellingswerepicked
for"specialpopulation" samples, primarilyfrom1991Census files.
labelsandcontrol listswas15byteslong,consistingofthe LFS-filefieldsPSU,GROUP,
CLUSTER, ROTATION, LISTING andMULTIPLE. Onlyfourteen bytesofidentifying
information weregenerated inthe labelprogram instead offifteen,with'multiple'not
beingprinted. Toresolvethisproblem regional officeswereinstructed tocode '0'in
'multiple'onthelabelsandcontrol lists. Inspiteofthe instructions, 'multiple'wasstill
blankformanycasesontheassignment control lists. This wasproblematic because they
weretobelinkedtohousehold-related responses fromthemainquestionnaire tocreate a
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on-line.
Alllinkagespecifications useda20-byteidconsistingoftheInterviewer Assignment
Number (IAN),PSU,group,cluster,rotation, listingandmultiple. Withhindsight,it
wouldhavebeenbetter tohaveusedashorter household-id codesimilartotheLFSRO-
DOCKET. Linkingonahousehold identifier oftwentybyteswaslong,cumbersome and
error-prone.
Duringassignment planning,ROs wereasked toassign"7"asthesecond digitoftheIAN
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assignments forprintinglabelsandassignment control sheets. However,there werea
fewerrors whichsuggeststhatclean-ups mustbedone earlyintheinitialstagesof
processing inorder toverifytheIAN.
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LFSrotate-out sample. Weallowedthree months forthecompletion ofassignment
planning intheregional offices.
Aproblem arose mtheSpecialPopulation sample. SomeEAsexceeded 75households
whichwasthemaximumallocation foroneassignment. InorderfortheROs to
dheotuesremhionled hleovwelttohebrheoauksethhoeldEAiddwoawsncainrtroiemdeaonnintghefuLlOlgeofiglrea.phAichaalrddceloipnyealtiisotnisngawtitthhe
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^Atotal sample of3985households wasselected using1991Census Visitation
Records tolocate EAswithhighconcentrations ofthespecialpopulations ofinterest.
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the yieldl Fortunately, none ofthese procedures hadanimpact onthe instruction
manuals writtenbySurveyOperations.
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proposed questions.
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F03wascreated as 131bytes. TheLPSP03fileexpects arecord lengthof372sothe
SpecialPopulation filewaszero-filledtomeetthisrequirement.
Twoproblems arose withtheSpecialPopulations. TheF03interviewer assignment
numbers aANs) werenotmovedovercorrectlyandconsequentiy didnotmatchDave
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17data.
Afewdayswerelostduringproduction toproduce aprintfUe.Somemore fieldsontiie
^Yieldisarequired fieldaccordingtoLabour Forceprocedures forupdating
assignments intheROs
'^BlacksinHalifax,AsiansinMontireal, BlacksinMonti:6al, LatinAmericans in
Montreal, AsiansinToronto. BlacksinToronto, Aboriginals inWinnipeg, Metis in
Winnipeg,MetisinSaskatoon, Aboriginals inRegina, Aboriginals inEdmonton and
Asians inVancouver
372-byteF03wereidentified that shouldhave specificvalues^ (see footnote belowfor
future reference).
Data Capture
ThestartofEFSdata capture wasdelayed three orfourdaysmainlybecause ofbugsin
theDC2softwarebeingusedfortheNCT. Duetotimeconstraints Special Surveysdid
nothaveanopportunity toreviewkeyerinstructions. One instruction calledfor
household data (Steps 1-7andQQ47 onwards) tobecaptured onlyonce asapart of
theperson-1 record. Inseveralcases,household data werecaptured forsomebody other
thanperson 1^ Anambiguityintheinstructions mayhavebeenthereason. Itwould
havebeendesirable tohavereviewedandcommented ontheinstructions.
InusingDC2,there wasnomeans ofcontroltoguarantee allhousehold members had
beencaptured. DC2wascapable ofcontrolling forthenumber offormsbutthere was
nowayofknowmgwhether akeyoperator hadmissedoutanentke person fromthe
form. Ahigherlevelofverificationthanwasusedwouldbehelpful.
Thedesignofthequestionnaure wassetupforverticalcapture toreflectthecapturing of
pasesrissotnthreeckoerydsopweirtahtionrthveisuhaolulsyehtoolsdt.ayNinothceolcoourrredcitsticnocltuiomnnwoansemaacdhepaogne.theAformto
recommendation forshading shouldbemade ifthebudget canhandle theadditional cost
forprinting.
Another limitationoftheDC2softwarewasthat itlackedverificationflexibUity. For
example, 100%ofagivenfieldhadtobeverifiedbyre-keyingforallforms.Itwasnot
possibletoverifyasample offorms.Itwouldhavebeenpreferable tohavetaken a
subsample ofdocuments andverifiedonseveralorallfields. Ifthisoptionhadbeen
avaUable abetter picture oftheerrorrate incurred bythekeyoperator wouldhavebeen
evident. Forbudgetreasons wechosetoverifythe20-byteHousehold identifier and
questions 2-5foreveryform. Wewouldadvisewithhindsightahigherlevelof
verification.
Processing
^surveyid(pos.25,1)=1
preprinted code(pos.52,l)=l(=0ifspecialpopulations)
pos.54,8=blank(flagsbased onapreviousmonth -make specialpopulations look
likebirths)
pos.280,1= (there arenonotes)
pos.266=1(ifflaggedforEFSorblankonspecialpopulations)
^Thisoccured primarilyintheMontreal RO.
4
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those withinstructions "markoneonly". Itisquestionable whether subjectmatter
people wereinterested enough inmultiple-response errors tomake thisworthwhile.
Developing andtestingthedata capture entrysystemtookmanyperson-days more than
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groomingbefore capture.
Ashortage ofresources duringtheprocessing wasexperienced. Planners andmanagers
ofanyfuture Census testwillwanttobeassured ofhavingadequate, qualified
programmers tohandle complexprogrammmg requirements^ Tocomplete thetestmg
andproduction runsfortheNCTthree experienced programmers werefoundatshort
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to-hour attention anddirection fromacoordinator^.
Attention needs tobepaidtothecreation andavailabUityofdetailed testfiles. During
thephase ofprogram development forderivedvariablesprogrammers wanted goodtest
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shouldbegiventosubjectmatter inorder thattheycanprepare forthispartofthe
processing.
Workingonthesameplatform wouldhavebeenadvantageous interms oflocationand
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accomodate thetwoworkingenvironments usedforthe 1993NCT'. Fromthecreation
oftheRAW filestothePREDIT filestheprocessing washandled ontheMainfirame.
Afterwards theprocessing wasalldone ontheUNIX,exceptforoneofthe short-term
borrowed programmers whopreferred toworkonthemainframe. AttimestheUnix
wasabitslowduetomaximumusercapacityorspace limitations. Presumably there are
costsavingsinusingaLANsuchastheCensus Unix,although itmightbedifficultto
determine justhowmuch.
'The NCTOperational team inSpecialSurveysconsisted ofPhilStevens -Manager,
Neelam Prakash -Programmer (replacement forMikeEganinSeptember, 1993),and
LorieShinder -ProcessingRep.
^EvelynRyanofCensus Operations contiroUed andmonitored theassignment oftasks
ofthethree programmers.
'Processing wasdeveloped andrunonboththeMainframe as wellastheUNIX.
5
Other than forincome data (Q.46inthetest) there wasnoeditingofresultsbySpecial
SurveysaftercapUire. Forfuttire tests,fromacapmre pointofview,consideration
shouldbegiventoomittingthe income-question centsboxes,ortoretaining the
background colourinthem (i.e.,notdropping them out). Theyadded tothe incidence of
errordespite keyoperators beinginstructed nottocapmre thecents. Perhaps mcome-
question mstructions couldbetested: "entertheamount tothenearest doUar". Iffuture
ttehsetrseisnhcoluudledebdeitmiongretheediitnscionmceluddaetda,invetrhieficcaatpimonreonsytshtisemf.ielAdbsohuotulfdoubrepmrcolgurdaemdm,era-nd
weekswereusedinthetestjusttoeditQ46whichbecame anexpensive andtime-
consuming aspect ofoverallprogramming.
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dteHdheoierwtiseNvveaCednrTd,frLfsoFomoSlml-ioebtw.a-rsuAeepcgdoeir.ndswsatamhpseilnetEt,hFheeSwniEtcfFiholpSed,iaetftdihaleetnfowoeartfrhteeeearcnEhoePtdSpitecsrafispaltoenu.ndrecdfTaophlteilunorEwteh-FdeuSptmwsiainaicmntephle-NeoCNnwTCcaeTsfiblafeei,flseobu.rebecseatfuiseoelfd
tnhoetEreFtSurnfieldefirnotmuntehefoNrCNTCTfilec,apatnur"e,unkornolwonst"ivnalthueemwaaUs.giIvnenthteoEstFeSp orfeccoorpdysinngotagmetthoe
NhaCvTebfielee.nSdeosmireabolfetthoesaellEoFwSforrecsoerpdarsatneevedretrhievlaetsisonhoafdavgaelifdoryetahre-soef-brierctohrddsa.ta.IffItummrieght
testsfollowthesamemethodology foranEFScomponent, thisstep shouldbetaken mto
consideration.
Adetailed planofprocessing steps needs tobedrafted aswellasdocumented toprovide
anoverviewofthetasksathand andintheproper sequence. Forexample, afterthe
creation ofmanyofthederived variablestheNCTteam became awarethatthe
temporary andforeignresidents (i.e.,those checkingStep 4orStep 6ofthe
qoufepsrtoicoensnasiirneg),wshheounldduphlaivceatbeeeannddreompppteydrfeicroormdsthweerNeCTdroapnpdedE.FSThfiilsesalastoeaurnlpiaecrtestdagoesn
tahnedcfoodrieniggnberecsaiudseentsthewewrreitder-ionpspehda.dbAetenthespltiitmoeffofancdodseenltinfkoargecowdienghabdefmooreretecmopdoersary
thanwecouldinitiallyaccount for,untilwerecalled thattheextraswerefromthe^^
dropped temporary andforeignresidents. Up-to-date documentation isimportant .
Autocoding
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^"Attached aretheNCTandEFSprocessing flowcharts.
6
