Table Of ContentZhi-qiang ZHANG' & Uri GERSON^
1InternationalInstituteofEntomology, London, UK.
2DepartmentofEntomology,Hebrew UniversityofJerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
NEW
EUSTIGMAEUSJOHNSTONI, SPECIES (ACARI:
STIGMAEIDAE), PARASITIC ON PHLEBOTOMINE
SANDFLIES (DIPTERA: PSYCHODIDAE)
Zhang, Z.-Q., & U. Gerson, 1995. Eustigmaeusjohnstoni, new species (Acari: Stigmaeidae),
parasitic on phlebotomine sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae). -Tijdschrift voor Entomologie
138: 297-301,fig. 1-6. [ISSN0040-7469]. Published 15November 1995.
Eustigmaeusjohnstonis<p. n. (Acari: Stigmaeidae) isdescribedfi-omseveralspeciesofphleboto-
minesandflies(Diptera:Psychodidae)intropicalareas.Adultfemalesofthisspecieswerefound
on Phlebotomuspapatasi (Scopoli), Sergentomyia magna (Sinton) and Sergentomyia dreyfussi
(Parrot) inYemen, on P.papatasi, SergentomyiaafricanaNewsteadandanundeterminedspe-
cies ofSergentomyiain Saudi Arabia, on P.papatasiin Cyprus, Israel, and Pakistan, and on
Phlebotomus longicuspisNitzuiescu in Tunisia. Both males and females ofsandflyhosts were
parasitized.Thenewspeciesiseyelessandisseparatedfromothereyelessspecieso1Eustigmaeus
inanartificialkey.
Correspondence: Z.-Q. Zhang, International Institute of Entomology, 56 Queen's Gate,
LondonSW7 5JR,UK.
Keywords. -Asia, Africa, phlebotomine sandflies, ectoparasites, Eustigmaeusjohnstoni, new
species,Stigmaeidae
Mites of the genus Eustigmaeus Berlese, 1910 many additional sandfly-parasitizing specimens of
(= Ledermuelleria Oudemans, 1923) (Prostigmata: Eustigmaeuswhich have since been collected (Abon-
&
Stigmaeidae) compriseagroupofglobate, redacarines nenc 1970, Lewis Macfarlane 1982, Martinez-
whose bodies are covered by ornamental armour. In Ortega et al. 1983). The evidence presented in there
femalesthisdorsalarmourisseparatedintopropodoso- patently shows that these Eustigmaeusmites actually
malandhysterosomalplates,thelatterbeingoftensub- feed on the flies, leaving feedingwounds orscars on
divided in the males. Females carry 13 variously- hosts' bodies. Abonnenc (1970) has described a new
shaped dorsal setae, ofwhich three are often ventrally sandfly-associated species, Eustigmaeus dyemkoumai,
displaced: thehumerais (c,) laterallyandtheposterior- which does have eyes, and herein we describe a new
most /?, and h, caudally. Mostspecieshaveonepairof species which is eyeless. Setal terminology follows
eyes, located between propodosomal setae veand sci. Kethley(1990).Allmeasurementsareoftheholotype
The eyeless species include E. livella (Summers & femaleandarein micrometers.
Price), E. coronaria(Kuznetzov), E.parasitica(Chaud-
hri), E.gamma(Chaudhri), E. gorgasi(Chaudhri) and Taxonomy
thenewspeciesdescribedinthispaper.
ThespeciesE. lirellaandE. coronariawerecollected EustigmaeusjohnstoniSÇ. n.
from 'soil and screenings from the nest ofwoodrat'
(Summers & Price 1961) and from the hollow ofan (Figs. 1-6)
ashtree(Kuznetzov 1977), respectively.ThespeciesE. Typematerial.-Holotypefemale(ZQZ941012-la) and
parasitica, E. gamma, and E. gorgasiwere found asso- two paratype females (ZQZ941012-1, b &c), YEMEN:
Zabid,ex.femaleSergentomyiamagna(Sinton), 10.xii.l970,
ciated with phlebotomine sandflies (Diptera: Psy- B. Deringhi. Paratype female (ZQZ941012-2), YEMEN:
chodidae) andwerepresumedectoparasitic (Chaudhri Zabid, ex. male Sergentomyiadreyfussi(Parrot), 2.xii.l970,
1965). This association was challenged by Gerson B. Deringhi. Paratypefemale (ZQZ941012-6), SAUDIARA-
(1972)whoarguedthatassomespeciesofEustigmaeus BIA, ex. male ofSergentomyiasp., 2.iii.l979, W. Biittiker.
feed on mosses (bryophytes), a habitatwherein many Holotypes and paratypes are deposited in the Natural
sandflies rest, the mites' occurrence on the flies might cHoilslteocrtyioMnuosfeUurmi,GeLrosnodn,onDe(pbamrnthm).enOtnoefEpnartaotmyopleogisy,inTthhee
beonlyafortuitousphoreticassociation. HebrewUniversityofJerusalem.
This argument is no longer tenable in view ofthe
297
TijdschriftvoorEntomologie,volumei38,1995
50 |l
Fig. 1-6. Eustigmaeusjohnstoni sp. n. (Holotype female). 1, Idiosoma, dorsal view; 2, Idiosoma, ventral view; 3,
Subcapitulum;4,Palpandchelicera;5,Leg1;6,LegII.
Other material. - Other examined specimens (all fe- (ZQZ941012-14); Lahore, ex. P. papatasi, 29.X.1923
males) were excluded from the type series because ofpoor (ZQZ941012-15); ex. P. papatasi, 4.xi.l923 (ZQZ94l012-
slide mount. SOUTH YEMEN: Hadramawt, ex. female 16). TUNISIA: Tunis, ex. P. longicuspis Nitzulescu, 19-
Phlebotomuspapatasi{Scoço\i) D.M.Minter(ZQZ94l012- 26.vi.1969, P.D. Massa (ZQZ941012-17; CIE A4003).
,
4). CYPRUS: Larnaca, ex. male P. papatasi, 21.ix.l980, M. Additional femalespecimens from P.papatasi(collectedby
Jennings(ZQZ94l012-3).SAUDIARABIA,ex.P.papatasi,.W. Y. Schleininthesummerof1984inGilgal,JordanValley,
Büttiker 10.x.1977,1978,28.iii.1978,2.vii.l976, 16.x.l978, Israel)wereexaminedbyU.Gerson.
10.iii.l979 (ZQZ941012-5, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12), ex. female
7S)e.rgPeAnKtIoSmTyAiNa:aJfarniocdaonlaa,Neewxs.tfeeamda,le10P..ipiaip.alt9a7s9i,(Z18Q.Zv9i4i1i.0l1922-3 Diagnosis.—Eyelessspeciesofmediumsize.Dorsal
setae subequal, each 15-35 long, with 10-15 long
298
Zhang&CGerSON: Eustigmaeusparasiticonsandflies
Table 1.Measurements(in\i.)ofdorsalsetaeandsetaldistancesinEustigmaeusjohntonikmaiesfromdifferentareas.
TijdschriftvoorEntomologie,volumei38,1995
and/)onlegIabouthalfaslongasnormalsetaeonti- flattened near the base; setaeps^ to ps^ subequal
bia I (Fig. 5). Numerous dorsal setae on podomeres
strongly branched (Figs. 5, 6). Microseta k on leg I - Dorsalsetae c,, d^, and e^ flattenedneartheirbas-
nearlyaslongasothersetaeongenuI.Microsetakon es; length ofseta^53 1.5 times that oips^ orpSj
legII normal,visibleonlyinwellpreservedandposi- coronaria
tionedspecimens.
Malesandimmatures notseen. The fact that four species of Eustigmaeus were
Etymology.-Thisspeciesisnamedtocommemo- foundto parasitizephlebotominesandflies indicates
rate our esteemed late colleague, the prominent aca- that this is not a fortuitous occurrence. This state-
rologist Prof. Donald E. Johnston ofthe Ohio State mentissupportedbythepresenceoftwoadditional
University, Columbus, Ohio, USA. undescribedspecies, onefrom Phlebotomuseruciatus
Remarks. -This newspecies is averywidespread Coquillett in Honduras and the other from
&
species, at least present in Yemen, Saudi Arabia, Phlebotomus longipes Parrot Martin in Ethiopia,
Israel, Cyprus, Tunis, and Pakistan. Within species in the collections ofthe Natural History Museum
variation in the lengths of and distances benveen (theywerenotdescribedinthispaperbecauseonlya
dorsal seta are evident in specimens from different single specimen eachwas available). Althoughphle-
countries. This new species shows astriking resem- botomine sandflies are also parasitized by other
blance to E. dyemkoumai, which is parasitic on mites (Lewis & Macfarlane 1982), no species of
Phlebotomus duboscqi Neveu-Lemaire in Upper- Eustigmaeushave ever been found on other animal
Volta and Mali (Abonnenc 1970). Both species ha- hosts. The nature of Eustigmaeus-sznà^j associa-
vecharacteristicdorsalsetaewithlongbranchesand tion, however, remainsobscure. No malesorimma-
their intercoxal setae (la, 3a and 4a) carry similar turesofEustigmaeushavebeencollectedonphlebot-
structures (Figs. 1-2). E. dyemkoumaiwzs onlybrie- omine sandflies, nor have any been found in
flydescribed,butanexaminationofatypespecimen alcohol-preservedmuseumspecimens. Thissuggests
revealed that E. johnstonidiffers from E. dyemkou- that the phlebotomine-associated Eustigmaeus spe-
maibyits relativelylargersize, bytheabsenceofey- cies develop and mate elsewhere, probably in the
es, by the bulbous tip of4> on leg I, and byhaving habitat where sandflies breed and rest; parasitism
morebranchesonthedorsalsetae. LikeE.johnstoni, may thus be only one phase in the life history of
five otherspecies ofEustigmaeushave also lost their thesemites.
eyes. They can be separated by using the following
key, which serves to emphasize the lack ofother fe- Acknowledgements
atures common to these mites. Species found in as-
sociation with phlebotomine sandflies are denoted We thank Mr. Donald Macfarlane for comparing
byanasterisk. thenewspecieswithE. lirellaandformakingthetype
ofE. dyemkoumaiavailable for study. Dr. Sabina of
the Bishop Museum for reviewing the manuscript,
KeytoeyelessEustigmaeus andProfY. Schlein,HadassahMedicalSchoolofthe
1 Dorsal hysterosomal setae c^ and d^ short, not Hebrew University ofJerusalem, Israel, for making
reaching the bases (alveoli) ofany neighbouring mitespecimensavailabletous.Theuseoffacilitiesby
setae 2 Z.-Q. Zhang at The Natural History Museum,
- Dorsal hysterosomal setae c, and d^ long, over- London, was made possible by the Keeper of
reachingthebases (alveoli) ofat least two neigh- Entomology, Dr. R. P. Lane.
bouringsetae 4
2 Distance between alveoli ofdorsal setae pairs, r,- References
Tp d^-d^, and e^-e^,subequal 3
- Distance c^-c^ and d^-d^ subequal, bothmuchless Abonnenc, E., 1970. Notes sur les Acariens parasites des
3 tDhoarnsael^-es^et(aseetfaleat,e^wliattehrasllhyordtisbpalrabcsedo)n...di.stgaalm3m/c4t; cfPaihlqleuéeebtoettPoaTrmeaecsshi.tnoi-lqoCugaiehciO8eu:rts8e9rL--'9oM4fe.fri.ceSdéerielaERnetcohmeorlcohgeieScmieéndtii--
all intercoxal setae (1<2, 3^, and A.à) weakly bar- Chaudhri,W.M., 1965-NewmitesofthegenusLedermuel-
bed lirella leria.—Acarologia7:467-486.
- Dorsal setae thin, with long branches through- Gerson, U., 1972. Mites ofthegenus Ledermuelleria(Pro-
out; intercoxal setae {\a, 5a, and Ad) with long stigmata:Stigmaeidae)associatedwithmossesinCanada.
-4 bFFreeammnuucrrheIIsVVwwiitthhtthwroeesesteateae johnstpoanriassi^t.iner*5t KetAYDhco.iarerkyLo..,lDopJ.pig,.inad16a9619i730:-(.7e3d5A1)6c,9.a-rS3oiin4la3:BiPorloosgdygGmuaitdae,(AJcothinneWdiidlae)y.,-NeInw:
5 Dorsal setae c,, d^, and e^ ofuniform width, not Kuznetzov, N. N., 1977. New species ofthe family Sdg-
300
Zhang&CGerson:Eustigmaeusparasiticonsandflies
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635-638 [inRussian]. 546.
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Canning(ed),SocietyofProtozoologistsSpecialPublica- Stigmaeidae).-Hilgardia31:369-387.
tionNo. 1,AJlenPress, Kansas,pp. 177-183.
Marm&tiinnRee.z-DsOa.rntdWfealgiraed,s,E.(,1D9iC8p.t3e.Er.aE:CctoonPpesasyraca-hsGoiatdilicldeamgeio)t,esfDr.oonmMapcShfplaaeriblnoa.tnoe--, ARcecceeipvteedd:: 113MJaaynua1r9y951995
301
