Ethnic Cleansing/Genocide in Abkhazia as a Principle Tool Employed by Aggressive Separatist ...

275 Pages·2009·4.43 MB·English

ivane javaxiSvilis sax. Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti
iuridiuli fakultetis saerTaSoriso samarTlis instituti
Iv. Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University
International Law Institute, Faculty of Law
Organization for Security and
Co-operation in Europe
OSCE Mission to Georgia
#2, 2008
saerTaSoriso
samarTlis
Jurnali
JOURNAL OF
INTERNATIONAL
LAW
Tbilisi, Tbilisi,
2008
`saerTaSoriso samarTalis Jurnali~ samecniero xasiaTis samenovani gamocemaa. masSi
warmodgenilia rogorc saerTaSoriso samarTlisa da saerTaSoriso urTierTobebis prob-
lemebi, aseve saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobis sakiTxebi.
Jurnali gamiznulia saerTaSoriso samarTlis specialistebisa da mkiTxvelTa farTo
wrisaTvis.
Jurnali gamoicema saqarTveloSi euTos misiis finansuri mxardaWeriT.
statiebSi gamoTqmuli mosazrebani ekuTvniT avtorebs da SeiZleba ar asaxavdes
euTos pozicias.
The Journal is Published with Financial Support of the OSCE Mission to Georgia.
The views expressed in the articles are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect
the official position of the OSCE.
© Tsu
ISSN 1512-0368
dabeWdilia stamba `grifonSi~
saredaqcio kolegia
mTavari redaqtori
aleqsiZe levan
iv. javaxiSvilis sax. Tbilisis sax. universiteti
(Tsu)
aRmasrulebeli redaqtori
tuSuri rusudan
(Tsu)
saredaqcio kolegiis wevrebi:
burduli irakli mamedovi rusTam
(Tsu) baqos saxelmwifo universiteti
butkeviCi volodimer (azerbaijani)
adamianis uflebaTa evropuli pataraia daviT
sasamarTlo (strasburgi, safrangeTi) (Tsu)
gabriCiZe gaga qurdaZe irine
(Tsu) (Tsu)
demetraSvili avTandil ugrexeliZe mindia
(Tsu) (strasburgi, safrangeTi)
korkelia konstantine hanikaineni laur
(Tsu) turkus universiteti (fineTi)
koCariani vigen
erevnis saxelmwifo universiteti
(somxeTi)
BOARD OF EDITORS
Editor in Chief
ALEXIDZE LEVAN
Iv. Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University
(TSU)
Executive Editor
TUSHURI RUSUDAN
(TSU)
Members of the Board:
BURDULI IRAKLI KOCHARYAN VIGEN
(TSU) Yerevan State University (Armenia)
BUTKEVICH VOLODIMIR MAMEDOV RUSTAM
European Court of Human Rights Baku State University (Azerbaijan)
(Strasbourg, France) PATARAIA DAVID
GABRICHIDZE GAGA (TSU)
(TSU) KURDADZE IRINE
HANNIKAINEN LAURI (TSU)
University of Turku (Finland) UGREKHELIDZE MINDIA
DEMETRASHVILI AVTANDIL (Strasbourg, France)
(TSU)
KORKELIA KONSTANTINE
(TSU)
3
saerTaSoriso samarTlis Jurnali, #2, 2008 JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW, N2, 2008
redkolegiisagan
`saerTaSoriso samarTlis Jurnals~ iv. javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo uni-
versitetis saerTaSoriso samarTlisa da saerTaSoriso urTierTobebis fakulteti gamoscemda
1996 wlidan, saqarTveloSi gaeros ltolvilTa umaRlesi komisris warmomadgenlobis,
saqarTveloSi gaeros ganviTarebis programis mudmivi warmomadgenlobis, `Ria sazogadoebis
samarTlebrivi iniciativisa~ da saqarTveloSi amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis saelCos dax-
marebiT.
saredaqcio kolegia kidev erTxel uxdis did madlobas am organizaciebs esoden mniS-
vnelovani mxardaWerisaTvis.
Jurnali ar gamosula 2005 wlis Semdeg. saqarTveloSi saerTaSoriso samarTlis mecniere-
bis ganviTarebisa da demokratiuli principebis ganmtkicebis xelSewyobis mizniT, Tbilisis
saxelmwifo universitetis iuridiuli fakultetis saerTaSoriso samarTlis kaTedram ganaaxla
Jurnalis gamocema.
Jurnalis am nomris momzadeba da gamoqveyneba SesaZlebeli gaxda evropaSi uSiSroebisa da
TanamSromlobis organizaciis (euTo) saqarTveloSi delegaciis finansuri mxardaWeriT. sare-
daqcio kolegia madlobas uxdis euTos misias am keTilSobiluri daxmarebisaTvis.
***
`saerTaSoriso samarTlis Jurnali" perioduli samecniero gamocemaa, romelic gamoqvey-
ndeba weliwadSi orjer. masSi warmodgenil naSromebSi ganixileba saerTaSoriso sajaro da
kerZo samarTlis problemebi, saerTaSoriso urTierTobaTa sakiTxebi, saqarTvelos kanonm-
deblobisa da misi saerTaSorisosamarTlebrivi praqtikis aqtualuri aspeqtebi. Jurnali gam-
iznulia rogorc saerTaSoriso samarTlis specialistebisaTvis, aseve aRniSnuli problema-
tikiT dainteresebul mkiTxvelTa farTo wrisaTvis.
is garemoeba, rom yoveli statia, rogorc wesi, qveyndeba qarTul da inglisur enebze,
agreTve, zogjer, rusuladac, SesaZleblobas aZlevs warmodgenili sakiTxebiT dainterese-
bul am enebis mcodne ucxoelebs, gaecnon avtorTa mecnierul debulebebs, aseve saqarTve-
los zogierT kanonsa Tu saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebas.
statiebis warmodgena SeiZleba samive aRniSnul enaze. saredaqcio kolegia uzrunvely-
ofs maTs Targmnas Sesabamis enebze.
Jurnali Tavis gverdebs dauTmobs rogorc Teoretikos da praqtikos iuristebs, aseve
studentebs, romlebic ikvleven saerTaSorisosamarTlebriv sakiTxebs da romelTa statieb-
Si gaSuqebuli iqneba Tanamedrove saerTaSoriso samarTlis normaTa srulyofisa da Semdgomi
ganviTarebis aqtualuri problemebi, maT Soris: adamianis uflebaTa dacvis saerTaSoriso
meqanizmebi, samoqalaqo sazogadoebis mSeneblobis sakiTxebi.
JurnalSi avtorTa mier gamoqveynebuli Sexedulebebi SeiZleba ar emTxveodes saredaq-
cio kolegiis wevrTa azrs.
4
FROM THE EDITORIAL BOARD
The Journal of International Law has been published by the Iv. Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University
Department of International Law and International Relations since 1996 with the support provided by the
UNCHR office in Georgia, the UNDP office in Georgia, Open Society Justice Initiative (OSJI) and the US
Embassy to Georgia.
The Editorial Board is honored to convey the appreciation for provision of such an indispensable sup-
port, once again, to the above mentioned organizations.
The Publication of the Journal was suspended in 2005. Aiming at promoting the development of the
science of International Law and strengthening the democratic principles in Georgia, the Chair of Interna-
tional Law of the Tbilisi State University Law Department renewed publication of the Journal.
The publication of the current volume has become possible with the support of OSCE Mission to
Georgia. The Editorial Board expresses the gratitude to the OSCE Mission for this generous contribution.
***
The Journal of International Law is the scientific periodical, published twice a year. The articles present-
ed cover issues of public and private international law, international relations, important aspects of the
Georgian legislation and Georgia’s international legal practice. The Journal is intended for experts of inter-
national law, as well as for broad circles of readers interested in above mentioned issues.
The fact that each article, as a rule, is published in Georgian and English and occasionally in Russian
language as well, provides the possibility for the foreigner readers interested in these topics to become
acquainted with the scientific concepts of authors, as well as certain Georgian legislative acts and interna-
tional treaties to which Georgia is a party.
The articles may be submitted in all the languages listed above. The Editorial Board provides corre-
sponding translation.
The Journal welcomes the contributions from scholars and practicing lawyers, as well as students
engaged in research of international law issues, and whose articles [Priority will be given to articles which
refer to the pressing problems of enhancement of the norms of the contemporary International Law and their
further development, particularly dealing with international protection mechanisms of Human Rights and
building civil society.
The views expressed by the authors in the Journal may not correspond to that of the Editorial Board.
5
saerTaSoriso samarTlis Jurnali, #2, 2008 JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW, N2, 2008
Sinaarsi CONTENTS
redaqtorisagan
levan aleqsiZe, saqarTvelos teritoriaze ruseTis SeiaraRebuli SemoWris 7
saerTaSorisosamarTlebrivi aspeqtebi
Ëåâàí Àëåêñèäçå, Ìåæäóíàðîäíî-ïðàâîâûå àñïåêòû âòîðæåíèÿ Ðîññèè íà òåððèòîðèþ Ãðóçèè 9
Levan Alexidze, International Legal Aspects of Russian Invasion into the Territory of Georgian 11
I. saerTaSoriso samarTlis ZiriTadi principi
Ð.Ô. Ìàìåäîâ, Â.È. Ïàíàõîâ, Ð.Ô. Ñàëèìîâ, (Áàêèíñêèé ãîñóíèâåðñèòåò) Ïðèíöèï 13
ñàìîîïðåäåëåíèÿ â òåîðèè è ïðàêòèêå ìåæäóíàðîäíîãî ïðàâà
R.F. Mamedov , V.I. Panakhov, R.F. Salimov, Principle of Self-determination 26
in the Theory and Practice of International Law (Current Trends)
II. SeiaraRebuli konfliqtebi da saerTaSoriso sisxlis samarTali
nino abramiSvili, ruseT-saqarTvelos SeiaraRebuli konfliqti da Zalis 39
gamoyenebis akrZalva saerTaSoriso samarTlis farglebSi
Nino Abramishvili, The Russian-Georgian Armed Conflict and the Prohibition 51
of the Use of Force in International Law
Teimuraz anTelava, ramdenime mosazreba 2008 wlis agvistoSi saqarTveloSi 61
ganviTarebul movlenebTan dakavSirebiT sisxlis samarTlis
saerTaSoriso sasamarTlos SesaZlo reagirebis Taobaze
Teimuraz antelava, Some Implications on the ICC’s Potential Interference in Relation 71
to the August Events in Georgia
maia TiTberiZe, agresiis danaSauli XXI saukuneSi – warumatebloba, 79
dapirebebi, perspeqtiva
Maia Titberidze, Crime of Aggression in the XXI Century: Failures, Promises, Prospects 89
III. saerTaSoriso humanitaruli samarTali
Tamar RonRaZe, saerTaSoriso humanitaruli samarTlis dacva XXI saukuneSi 97
(ruseTis federaciis magaliTi)
Tamar Gongadze, Observance of International Humanitarian Law in the XXI century – 106
the case of the Russian Federation
IV. saerTaSoriso sazRvao samarTali
Salva kvinixiZe, mSvidobian periodSi samxedro wvrTnebis an manevrebis Catareba 113
sanapiro saxelmwifos gansakuTrebul ekonomikur zonaSi – sxva
saxelmwifoebis sazRvao samarTliT aRiarebuli Tu akrZaluli ufleba?
Shalva kvinixadze, Peacetime Military Exercises or Manoeuvres in the Exclusive conomic 127
Zone of a Coastal State – Admitted or Prohibited Right of ther States under the Law of the Sea?
V. adamianis uflebaTa saerTaSoriso samarTali
giorgi tuRuSi, `non-refoulement~-is principi adamianis uflebaTa 138
saerTaSoriso samarTalSi
Giorgi Tugushi, Principle of “Non-Refoulement” in International Human Rights Law 151
VI. evrogaerTianebis (evrokavSiris) samarTali
lita surmava, evrogaerTianebis xelSekrulebis 87(1)-e muxliT dadgenili testebi 161
Lita Surmava, Assessment Under 87(1) EC: Tests Available 173
danarTi , ANNEX, ÏÐÈËÎÆÅÍÈÅ,
I. È ñíîâà àãðåññèÿ, èíòåðâåíöèÿ è îêêóïàöèÿ Ãðóçèè ñ öåëüþ ëèêâèäàöèè ñóâåðåíèòåòà 185
è òåððèòîðèàëüíîé öåëîñòíîñòè ñòðàíû
And Again: Aggression, Intervention and Occupation of Georgia Aimed at Razing 195
the Sovereignty and Territorial Integrity of the Country
II. Resolution adopted by the General Assembly 203 (A/Res/62/49, 29 may 2008) – 207
“Status of internally displaced persons and refugees from Abkhazia, Georgia”
III. Reports of the Republic of Georgia State Committee for Investigotian and Revelation 209
of Materials concerning the Policy of Genocide / Ethnic Cleansing agains the Georgian
Population in Abkhazia, and Submission of Such Materials to an International Tribunal
(UN Security Council, S/1944/225, S/1995/200, S/1996/146, S/1997/317)
6
saqarTvelos teritoriaze ruseTis SeiaraRebuli SemoWris
saerTaSorisosamarTlebrivi aspeqtebi
ruseTis mier saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg ganxorcielebulma agresiam, imave `agvistos
omma~, axali gverdi gadafurcla Tanamedrove saxelmwifoTa Tanamegobrobis istoria-
Si, romelic saxelmwifoTa suverenuli Tanasworobis, teritoriuli mTlianobis ur-
Rvevobis, Zalis gamoyenebis an ZaliT damuqrebis akrZalvis principebsa da gaeros wevr
suverenul saxelmwifoTa saSinao saqmeebSi Caurevlobas efuZneba. yvela es principi
uxeSad daarRvia rusulma samxedro Zalebma separatistuli Zalebis mier kontrolire-
bad saqarTvelos teritoriaze – afxazeTsa da e.w. samxreT oseTSi – da Semdeg ki qveynis
sxva teritoriebze, TiTqmis dedaqalaq Tbilisamde SeWriT (ix. danarTi I).
SeiaraRebuli konfliqtis provokacia ruseTis mxridan aSkara iyo, rasac mohyva wu-
Tebis ganmavlobaSi aTasobiT jariskacisa da tankis, asobiT TviTmfrinavis mier saqar-
Tveloze farTomasStabiani Setevis ganxorcieleba, romlis drosac anadgurebdnen da
wvavdnen mSvidobiani mosaxleobis saxlebs soflebsa Tu qalaqebSi, fizikurad usworde-
bodnen da xocavdnen mSvidobian qarTvelebs. amis samtkicebeli masala moipova orga-
nizacia Human Right Watch-ma Tanamgzavridan miRebuli fotoebis safuZvelze. mimdinar-
eobda da dResac grZeldeba eTnikuri wmenda: separatistulma reJimebma, ruseTis Sei-
araRebuli Zalebis daxmarebiT, gandevnes qarTvelebi sakuTari saxlebidan da yvelafers
akeTeben imisaTvis, rom maT mSobliur adgilebSi dabrunebis fizikuri SesaZlebloba
waarTvan.
ruseTi cdilobs, saqarTvelos daakisros sruli pasuxismgebloba am tragediaze,
cdilobs, `axsnas~, rom igi iZulebuli iyo, `Careuliyo osebisa da afxazebis dasacavad~,
radgan ruseTis mravali mSvidobiani moqalaqe genocidisa da eTnikuri wmendis safr-
Txes ganicdida 1990-iani wlebidan~.
I, II da III danarTebi dokumenturad asabuTebs imas, Tu vin visi daxmarebiT axorcieleb-
da eTnikur wmendas genociduri meTodebiT afxazeTSi.
am Jurnalis pirvel nomerSi gamoqveynda statia `afxazeTSi qarTveli mosaxleobis
eTnikuri wmendis saerTaSoriso dagmobis saqmeSi euTos gadamwyveti rolis Sesaxeb~. sta-
tia nabij-nabij ganixilavs separatistTa dasagmobi qmedebebis mTel process. sul cota
xnis win, 2008 wlis 29 maiss gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis generalurma asambleam
dagmo afxazeTSi ganxorcielebuli eTnikuri wmenda (A/Res/62/240/29 ìàÿ 2008).
natos, evrokavSiris, euTosa da sxva saerTaSoriso organizaciebis liderebi sworad
aRniSnaven, rom mniSvnelovania ara is, Tu vin daiwyo samxedro moqmedebebi (am sakiTxTan
dakavSirebiT ramdenime saerTaSoriso komisia muSaobs), im SemTxvevaSic ki, Tu es iyo sa-
qarTvelo, romelic sakuTari teritoriis farglebSi moqmedebda, aramed qarTul-rusul
konfliqtSi mTavari isaa, rom ruseTi gavida konfliqturi zonebis farglebs gareT da
moaxdina saqarTvelos saxelmwifos teritoriis TiTqmis 1/3-is samxedro okupacia, es ki
`Zalis araproporciuli gamoyeneba~ da, zogadad, saerTaSoriso samarTlisa da, kerZod
ki, saerTaSoriso humanitaruli samarTlis darRvevaa.
gazeT `gardianSi~ 2008 wlis 1 seqtmebers gamoqveynebul mokle, magram Zalze argumen-
tirebul statiaSi – `mgeli, romelmac saqarTvelo SeWama~ – saerTaSoriso samarTlis cno-
bili eqsperti, florenciis universitetis profesori, yofili iugoslaviisaTvis Seqmni-
li saerTaSoriso sisxlis samarTlis tribunalis pirveli prezidenti, Semdgom ki darfur-
Si gamoZiebis sawarmoeblad Seqmnili gaeros komisiis Tavmjdomare, antonio kasese aRniS-
7
saerTaSoriso samarTlis Jurnali, #2, 2008 JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW, N2, 2008
navs, rom ruseTis yvela mcdeloba, brali dasdos saqarTvelos, kritikas ver uZlebs im sakiT-
xis CaTvliT, rom man daarRvia saerTaSoriso samarTali, radgan `sakuTari SeiaraRebuli
Zalebis samxreT oseTSi gagzavniT saqarTvelom, eWvgareSea, politikurad gauazrebeli
nabiji gadadga, Tumca mas ar daurRvevia arc erTi saerTaSorisosamarTlebrivi norma, mi-
uxedavad imisa, ramdenad nominaluri iyo misi suvereniteti (samxreT oseTis teritoriaze
– l.a.). yvelafridan gamomdinare, ar momxdara arc genocidi, arc eTnikuri wmenda; Tu
samxedro danaSaulebi aris Cadenili, es mainc ver amarTlebs samxedro intervencias~.
dRes ki ruseTi gulmodgined cdilobs, gaamarTlos sakuTari qmedebebi saerTa-
Soriso samarTalze miTiTebiT, ar dauSvas afxazeTisa da samxreT oseTis teritorie-
bze evrokavSirisa da euTos damkvirveblebi, uars acxadebs SeiaraRebuli Zalebis im pun-
qtebamde gadayvanaze, sadac isini ganlagebulni iyvnen konfliqtis dawyebamde, anu 6
agvistomde. gancxadeba imis Taobaze, rom evrokavSiris eqvspunqtiani SeTanxmeba ru-
seTTan TiTqmis Sesrulda, safuZvels moklebulia, radgan ruseTma moaxdina sakuTari
Zalebis koncentrireba afxazeTis a/r-isa da e.w. samxreT oseTis teritoriebze, anu
saqarTvelos saxelmwifos teritoriis farglebSi.
ruseTi ar daabrkola iman, rom afxazeTis a/r-isa da e.w. samxreT oseTis damoukide-
blobis de jure aRiarebam saxelmwifoTa saerTaSoriso Tanamegobrobis mxridan, romel-
mac uari ganacxada am reJimebis aRiarebaze, calsaxa gakicxva gamoiwvia. damoukidebel
saxelmwifoTa Tanamegobrobis wevrma saxelmwifoebmac ki ar moaxdines reagireba mo-
wodebaze, eRiarebinaT `saerTaSoriso samarTlis axali subieqtebi~ saqarTvelos teri-
toriuli mTlianobis darRvevis pirobebSi. ruseTi kidev ufro Sors wavida – reJimebT-
an samxedro TanamSromlobis Sesaxeb xelSekrulebebi gaaforma, TiToeul regionSi daax-
loebiT oTxi aTasi jariskaci ganaTavsa da am regionebis daCqarebul militarizacias
axorcielebs. yvelaferi es kidev erTxel adasturebs imas, rom ruseTi omisTvis didi
xnis ganmavlobaSi emzadeboda, da rom ara pirvel etapze evrokavSiris gadamwyveti mo-
qmedebebi, ramac cecxlis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb eqvspunqtiani SeTanxmeba gamoiRo Sedegad,
agresiis Sedegebi, SesaZloa, ufro tragikulic yofiliyo.
Jurnalis es nomeri ZiriTadad ruseTis qmedebebis saerTaSorisosamarTlebrivi aspeqte-
bisa da agresoris kanonsawinaaRmdego qmedebebis gamovlenisadmi aris miZRvnili.
samwuxarod, qarTul-rusuli konfliqtis Sedegad naTeli gaxda is naklovanebebic,
romlebic saerTaSoriso organizaciebs xels uSlis situaciaze efeqtianad da swrafad
reagirebaSi, gansakuTrebiT maSin, rodesac konfliqtSi gaerTianebuli erebis orga-
nizaciis uSiSroebis sabWos mudmivmoqmedi wevria Careuli. swored vetos uflebis arse-
bobis pirobebSi ver moaxerxa gaeros uSiSroebis sabWom adekvaturi zomebis miReba agre-
siis SesaCereblad; euTos ki swored im wesma SeuSala xeli masze dakisrebuli misiis gan-
xorcielebaSi, romelic gadawyvetilebis konsensusis wesiT miRebas gulisxmobs, radgan
ruseTma dabloka gadawyvetilebis miRebis SesaZlebloba.
Zalis gamoyeneba, am Zalis mimarTva gaeros wevri suverenuli saxelmwifos teritoriis
mniSvnelovani nawilis gamosayofad, separatistuli reJimebis de jure damoukideblobis aRi-
areba da maT mier kontrolirebuli teritoriebis ruseTis samxedro placdarmebad gada-
qceva absoluturad ewinaaRmdegeba saerTaSoriso samarTlis minimalur principebs.
saxelmwifoTa saerTaSoriso Tanamegobrobas msoflios erT-erTi finansurad da
samxedro TvalsazrisiT uZlieresi saxelmwifos mxridan miRebuli aqvs udidesi gamowve-
va, romelic sTavazobs `axali msoflio wesrigis damyarebas, realobidan gamomdinare~.
moaxerxebs Tu ara meore msoflio omis Semdgom Seqmnili namdvili demokratiuli saer-
TaSoriso marTlwesrigi, gauZlos uxeSi Zalis zewolas, amas uaxloesi momavali gviC-
venebs. ukanonobam kanonis Zalis dajabna ver unda moaxerxos.
profesori levan aleqsiZe
mTavari redaqtori
8
ÌÅÆÄÓÍÀÐÎÄÍÎ-ÏÐÀÂÎÂÛÅ ÀÑÏÅÊÒÛ ÂÎÎÐÓÆÅÍÍÎÃÎ
ÂÒÎÐÆÅÍÈß ÐÎÑÑÈÈ ÍÀ ÒÅÐÐÈÒÎÐÈÞ ÃÐÓÇÈÈ
Àãðåññèÿ Ðîññèè â îòíîøåíèè Ãðóçèè, ò.í. «àâãóñòîâñêàÿ âîéíà», ïåðåâåðíóëà íîâóþ ñòðàíèöó â
èñòîðèè ñîâðåìåííîãî ìåæäóíàðîäíîãî ñîîáùåñòâà ãîñóäàðñòâ, îñíîâàííîãî íà ïðèíöèïàõ ñóâåðåííîãî
ðàâåíñòâà ãîñóäàðñòâ, íåïðèêîñíîâåííîñòè èõ òåððèòîðèàëüíîé öåëîñòíîñòè, íåäîïóñòèìîñòè
ïðèìåíåíèÿ ñèëû èëè óãðîçû ñèëû, à òàêæå âìåøàòåëüñòâà âî âíóòðåííèå äåëà ñóâåðåííûõ ãîñóäàðñòâ-
÷ëåíîâ ÎÎÍ. Âñå ýòè ïðèíöèïû áûëè ãðóáî íàðóøåíû âòîðæåíèåì ðîññèéñêèõ âîéñê ñíà÷àëà íà
òåððèòîðèþ ñåïàðàòèñòñêèõ ðåæèìîâ â Àáõàçèè, Ãðóçèÿ è ò.í. Þæíîé Îñåòèè, à çàòåì è â ãëóáü
òåððèòîðèè Ãðóçèè, ïî÷òè äî åå ñòîëèöû – Òáèëèñè (ñì. ïðèëîæåíèå I).
Ïðîâîêàöèÿ âîîðóæåííîãî êîíôëèêòà ñî ñòîðîíû Ðîññèè áûëà î÷åâèäíà, èáî â ñ÷èòàííûå ìèíóòû
òûñÿ÷è ñîëäàò è òàíêîâ, ñîòíè ñàìîëåòîâ ñòàëè óòþæèòü Ãðóçèþ, ðàçðóøàÿ äîìà ìèðíûõ æèòåëåé â
ñåëàõ è ãîðîäàõ, ìèðíûõ ãðóçèí óáèâàëè, èçáèâàëè, äîìà èõ ñæèãàëè, à çàòåì ñòèðàëè ñ ëèöà çåìëè,
êàê îá ýòîì ñâèäåòåëüñòâóåò îðãàíèçàöèÿ Human Right Watch, îñíîâûâàÿñü íà ñíèìêàõ ñî ñïóòíèêà.
Øëà è ïðîäîëæàåòñÿ ýòíè÷åñêàÿ ÷èñòêà – ñåïàðàòèñòñêèå ðåæèìû, ïðè ïîìîùè ðîññèéñêèõ âîéñê
èçãíàëè ãðóçèí èç ñâîèõ ðåãèîíîâ è äåëàþò âñå, ÷òîáû ëèøèòü èõ ôèçè÷åñêîé âîçìîæíîñòè âåðíóòüñÿ
â ðîäíûå ìåñòà.
Ðîññèÿ ïûòàåòñÿ âîçëîæèòü íà Ãðóçèþ âñþ âèíó çà òðàãåäèþ è äàæå «îáúÿñíÿåò», ÷òî âûíóæäåíà
áûëà «âñòóïèòüñÿ» çà îñåòèí è àáõàçîâ, ãäå ìíîãî ðîññèéñêèõ ãðàæäàí, ïîäâåðãøèõñÿ ãåíîöèäó è
ýòíè÷åñêîé ÷èñòêå ñ íà÷àëà 1990-õ ãîäîâ».
Ïðèëîæåíèÿ I, II è III äîêóìåíòàëüíî äåìîíñòðèðóþò, êòî è ñ ÷üåé ïîìîùüþ ïðîâîäèë ýòíè÷åñêóþ
÷èñòêó ãåíîöèäàëüíûìè ìåòîäàìè â Àáõàçèè, Ãðóçèè.
 ¹1 äàííîãî æóðíàëà îïóáëèêîâàíà áûëà ñòàòüÿ «Ðåøàþùàÿ ðîëü ÎÁÑÅ â îñóæäåíèè ìåæäóíà-
ðîäíûì ñîîáùåñòâîì ýòíè÷åñêîé ÷èñòêè ïðîòèâ ãðóçèíñêîãî íàñåëåíèÿ â Àáõàçèè», â êîòîðîé ïîêàçàí
âåñü ïðîöåññ ïîýòàïíîãî îñóæäåíèÿ äåéñòâèé ñåïàðàòèñòîâ. Ñîâñåì íåäàâíî, 29 ìàÿ 2008 ãîäà Ãåíå-
ðàëüíàÿ Àññàìáëåÿ ÎÎÍ îñóäèëà ýòíè÷åñêóþ ÷èñòêó â Àáõàçèè, Ãðóçèè (A/Res/62/240/29 ìàÿ 2008).
Êàê ïðàâèëüíî îòìå÷àþò ëèäåðû ÍÀÒÎ, Åâðîñîþçà, ÎÁÑÅ è äðóãèõ ìåæäóíàðîäíûõ îðãàíèçàöèé,
âàæíî íå òî, êòî íà÷àë âîåííûå äåéñòâèÿ (íàä ýòèì ðàáîòàåò íåñêîëüêî ìåæäóíàðîäíûõ êîìèññèé),
äàæå åñëè íà÷àëà Ãðóçèÿ, äåéñòâóþùàÿ íà ñâîåé òåððèòîðèè, ãëàâíîå â ãðóçèíî-ðóññêîì êîíôëèêòå
òî, ÷òî Ðîññèÿ âûøëà çà ïðåäåëû çîí êîíôëèêòîâ è ñîâåðøèëà âîîðóæåííóþ îêêóïàöèþ ïî÷òè 1/3
ñòðàíû, ÷òî êâàëèôèöèðóåòñÿ êàê «äèñïðîïîðöèîíàëüíîå èñïîëüçîâàíèå ñèëû», ÿâëÿþùååñÿ ãðóáûì
íàðóøåíèåì ìåæäóíàðîäíîãî ïðàâà âîîáùå è ìåæäóíàðîäíîãî ãóìàíèòàðíîãî ïðàâà â ÷àñòíîñòè.
 ñâîåé êðàòêîé, íî ãëóáîêî àðãóìåíòèðîâàííîé ñòàòüå «Âîëê, êîòîðûé ñúåë Ãðóçèþ», îïóáëèêîâà-
ííîé â ãàçåòå «Ãàðäèàí» 1 ñåíòÿáðÿ 2008 ãîäà èçâåñòíûé ýêñïåðò ìåæäóíàðîäíîãî ïðàâà, ïðîôåññîð
Ôëîðåíòèéñêîãî óíèâåðñèòåòà, ïåðâûé Ïðåçèäåíò ìåæäóíàðîäíîãî óãîëîâíîãî òðèáóíàëà ïî áûâøåé
Þãîñëàâèè, à ïîçæå ïðåäñåäàòåëü Êîìèññèè ÎÎÍ ïî ðàññëåäîâàíèþ â Äàðôóðå Àíòîíèî Êàññåñå
îòìå÷àåò, ÷òî âñå ïîïûòêè Ðîññèè âçâàëèòü âèíó íà Ãðóçèþ íå âûäåðæèâàþò êðèòèêè, äàæå òî, ÷òî
îíà íàðóøèëà ìåæäóíàðîäíîå ïðàâî, ïîñêîëüêó «ïîñûëàÿ ñâîè âîéñêà â Þæíóþ Îñåòèþ, Ãðóçèÿ íåñî-
ìíåííî ñîâåðøèëà ïîëèòè÷åñêè îïðîìåò÷èâûé øàã, íî îíà íå íàðóøàëà íèêàêîé ìåæäóíàðîäíî-
ïðàâîâîé íîðìû, êàêèì áû íîìèíàëüíûì íå áûë åå ñóâåðåíèòåò (íà òåððèòîðèè ò.í. Þæíîé Îñåòèè
– Ë.À.). Ñóäÿ ïî âñåìó, íå èìåëè ìåñòà íè ãåíîöèä, íè ýòíè÷åñêàÿ ÷èñòêà; åñëè âîåííûå ïðåñòóïëåíèÿ
è èìåëè ìåñòî, îíè íå îïðàâäûâàþò âîåííîé èíòåðâåíöèè».
È ñåãîäíÿ Ðîññèÿ òùåòíî ïûòàåòñÿ îïðàâäàòü ñâîè äåéñòâèÿ ññûëêàìè íà ìåæäóíàðîäíîå ïðàâî,
íå äîïóñêàåò íà òåððèòîðèè Àáõàçèè, Ãðóçèÿ è ò.í. Þæíîé Îñåòèè íàáëþäàòåëåé èç Åâðîñîþçà è
ÎÁÑÅ, îòêàçûâàåòñÿ îòâåñòè âîéñêà íà ðóáåæè, ãäå îíè íàõîäèëèñü äî íà÷àëà êîíôëèêòà, ò.å. 6-ãî
àâãóñòà. Çàÿâëåíèå î òîì, ÷òî øåñòèïóíêòíîå ñîãëàøåíèå Åâðîñîþçà ñ Ðîññèåé ïî÷òè âûïîëíåíî íå
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