estimation of water requirement in maize using cropwat model master of science in agriculture

178 Pages·2016·15.49 MB·English

ESTIMATION OF WATER REQUIREMENT IN
MAIZE USING CROPWAT MODEL

By
A. AJAY KUMAR
B.Sc. (Ag.)

THESIS SUBMITTED TO
ACHARYA N. G. RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY
IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS
FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF

MASTER OF SCIENCE IN AGRICULTURE
(AGRONOMY)

DEPARTMENT OF AGRONOMY
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
ACHARYA N. G. RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY
RAJENDRANAGAR, HYDERABAD-500 030.

FEBRUARY, 2008
CERTIFICATE
Mr. A. AJAY KUMAR has satisfactorily prosecuted the course of
research and that the thesis entitled “ESTIMATION OF WATER
REQUIREMENT IN MAIZE USING CROPWAT MODEL” submitted is
the result of original research work and is of sufficiently high standard to
warrant its presentation to the examination. I also certify that the thesis or part
there of has not been previously submitted by him for a degree of any
University.

Date: (Dr. BABY AKULA)
Place: Rajendranagar, Chairman of the Advisory Committee
Hyderabad
.

.
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the thesis entitled “ESTIMATION OF WATER
REQUIREMENT IN MAIZE USING CROPWAT MODEL” submitted in
partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE
IN AGRICULTURE of the Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University,
Hyderabad, is a record of the bonafide research work carried out by
A. AJAY KUMAR under my guidance and supervision. The subject of the thesis has
been approved by the Student's Advisory Committee.
No part of the thesis has been submitted for any other degree or diploma. The
published part has been fully acknowledged. All assistance and help received during
the course of the investigation has been duly acknowledged by the author of the thesis.

(Dr. BABY AKULA)
(Chairman of the Advisory Committee)

Thesis approved by the Student's Advisory Committee

Chairman ( Dr. BABY AKULA )
Associate Professor
Department of Agronomy
College of Agriculture
Rajendranagar, Hyderabad-500 030.

Member ( Dr. V. RAJA )
Professor & IFFCO Chair
Department of Agronomy
College of Agriculture
Rajendranagar, Hyderabad-500 030.

Member ( Dr. A. MANI )
Associate Professor
Department of Agricultural Engineering
College of Agriculture
Rajendranagar, Hyderabad-500 030.
DECLARATION
I, A. AJAY KUMAR hereby declare that the thesis entitled
“ESTIMATION OF WATER REQUIREMENT IN MAIZE USING
CROPWAT MODEL” submitted to the Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural
University for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE IN AGRICULTURE
is the result of original research work done by me. I also declare that any
material contained in the thesis has not been published earlier in any manner.

Date: (A. AJAY KUMAR)
Place: Rajendranagar,
Hyderabad
CONTENTS

CHAPTER NO TITLE PAGE NO

I INTRODUCTION 1 - 3
II REVIEW OF LITERATURE 4 - 21
III MATERIAL AND METHODS 22 - 62
IV RESULTS 63 - 98
V DISCUSSION 99 - 112
VI SUMMARY 113 - 119
LITERATURE CITED 120 - 129
APPENDICES 130 - 133
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

FIGURE PAGE
TITLE
NO. NO.
1 Weekly meteorological data during crop growth period 23
2. Layout plan of the experimental plot 29
3. Layout of laterals in drip irrigation system 30
4 Dry matter production g plant-1of maize as influenced by 68
different drip irrigation treatments at different phonological
phases
5 Grain yield of maize as influenced by drip irrigation 77
treatments
6 Irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE, Kg ha-1 mm-1) in 82
maize as influenced by drip irrigation treatments
7 Actual evapotranspiration (mm) in maize as influenced by 85
drip irrigation treatments at different crop growth stages
8 Crop coefficient of maize based on ETo estimated by Pan 89
Evaporation method
9 Comparison of CROPWAT simulated grain yield with that 94
observed in maize, rabi 2006-07
10 Comparison of CROPWAT simulated irrigation water 98
requirement with that measured in Maize, rabi 2006-07
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE PAGE
TITLE
NO. NO.
1 Physico-chemical properties of the experimental site 25
2 Moisture retention characters of the experimental soil 26
3 Water quality parameters 26, 27
4 Previous cropping history of the experimental site 27
5 Initial and final plant population (%) as influenced by drip 64
irrigation treatments
6 Plant height (cm) of maize as influenced by drip irrigation 65
treatments at different phenological phases
7 Dry-matter production (g plant-1) of maize as influenced by drip 67
irrigation treatments at different phenological phases
8 Rooting depth (cm) of maize as influenced by drip irrigation 70
treatments at different phenological phases
9 Number of days to 50 % tasseling, 50% silking and days to 72
physiological maturity of maize as influenced by drip irrigation
treatments
10 Ear length, girth, weight and 100-grain weight of maize as 74
influenced by drip irrigation treatments
11 Grain yield, stover yield, harvest index and shelling percentage of 76
maize as influenced by drip irrigation treatments
12 Irrigation water applied (mm) in maize through drip irrigation 80
treatments
13 Irrigation Water Use Efficiency (IWUE, Kg ha-1mm-1) in maize 81
as influenced by drip irrigation treatment
14 Evapotranspiration (mm) in maize at different crop growth stages 84
as influenced by drip irrigation treatments
15 Crop coefficients (Kc) of maize as influenced by drip irrigation 87
treatments at different crop growth stages
TABLE PAGE
TITLE
NO. NO.
16 Observed and simulated grain yield of maize as influenced 91
by drip irrigation treatments
17 Test criteria in evaluation of CROPWAT with respect to 93
maize yield (kg ha-1)
18 Error per cent by CROPWAT simulated grain yield from 93
observed in maize rabi 2006-07
19 Measured and simulated Irrigation Water Requirement 96
(IWR) of maize as influenced by drip irrigation treatments
20 Test criteria in evaluation of CROPWAT with respect to 97
Irrigation Water Requirement (IWR, mm)
21 Error per cent by CROPWAT simulated Irrigation Water 97
Requirement (IWR) from observed in maize rabi 2006-07
LIST OF PLATES
PLATE PAGE
TITLE
NO. NO.
1 Layout of laterals on the experimental plot 134
2 Measuring of dripper discharge 134
3 Overall view of the experimental plot 135
4 Response of maize to different drip irrigation schedules 136
4a Response of maize to different drip irrigation schedules 137

LIST OF APPENDICES

PAGE
APPENDIX TITLE
NO.
A Weekly meteorological data during crop growth period 130
B Daily evaporation (mm) after imposing drip irrigation 131, 132
treatments (2006-07)
C Calendar of operations 133
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
It is by the unfathomable grace and benediction of the almighty, I have been able to
bring into light and present this piece of work uninterruptedly, for which I am eternally
indebted to him.
From the core of my heart, I express my deep sense of gratitude and love to my
beloved parents; Sri A. GOPAL and Sri A. RADAMMA, ever lovable brother,
NAGABHISHEK and all my family members and relatives whose everlasting love and
source of inspiration throughout my career without whose loving support, I would not be
what I am today.
I take this opportunity to express my deep sense of gratitude and reverence to my
Major Advisor Dr. BABY AKULA, Associate Professor, Department of Agronomy,
College of Agriculture, Rajendranagar. She has been of immense help to me with her
constant inspiration and learned counsel in meticulous planning and execution of my
experimental work. I am indebted to her for her affectionate guidance during the drafting
and editing of this thesis.
I deem it my privilege to extol my profound etiquitte and sincere feelings of
gratitude to an illustrious and distinguished professor & IFFCO Chair Dr. V. RAJA,
Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Rajendranagar and member of my
Advisory Committee for his grace and vibrant scientific temper, which left an everlasting
impression on me.
I am greatly beholden beyond words to express my graceful thanks and I am
splendidly indebted to Dr. A. MANI, Assistant Professor, Department of Agricultural
Engeeniring, College of Agriculture, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad and member of my
Advisory Committee for her esteemed suggestions, scientific proficiency, constant
encouragement and indebted help during the course of study.
I extend my sincere thanks to Dr. M. SREENIVASA RAJU, Professor and Head,
Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Rajendranagar, for his timely help,
persistent encouragement and facilities extended during the course of my study.
With immense pleasure and deep respect, I express my profound sense of gratitude,
indebtedness and heartful thanks to my revered teacher, Dr. SHAIK MOHAMMAD,