Essential Circuit Analysis using NI Multisim™ and MATLAB®

779 Pages·2022·50.693 MB·English

by  Farzin Asadi

Farzin Asadi
Essential Circuit
Analysis using
NI Multisim™
and MATLAB®
™
Essential Circuit Analysis using NI Multisim
®
and MATLAB
Farzin Asadi
Essential Circuit Analysis
™
using NI Multisim
®
and MATLAB
FarzinAsadi
DepartmentofElectricalandElectronicsEngineering
MaltepeUniversity
Istanbul,Turkey
ISBN978-3-030-89849-6 ISBN978-3-030-89850-2 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-89850-2
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In loving memory of my father Moloud Asadi
and my mother Khorshid Tahmasebi,
always on my mind, forever in my heart.
Preface
Acomputersimulationisanattempttomodelareal-lifeorhypotheticalsituationon
a computer so that it can be studied to see how the system works. By changing
variables in the simulation, predictions may be made about the behavior of the
system. So, computer simulation is a tool to virtually investigate the behavior of
thesystemunderstudy.
Computer simulation has many applications in science, engineering, education,
and even entertainment. For instance, pilots use computer simulations to practice
whattheylearnedwithoutanydangerandlossoflife.
A circuit simulator is a computer program which permits us to see the circuit
behavior, that is, circuit voltages and currents, without making it. Use of circuit
simulator is a cheap, efficient, and safe way to study the behavior of circuits. A
circuitsimulatorevensavesyourtimeandenergy.Itpermitsyoutotestyourideas
beforeyougowastingallthattimebuildingitwithabreadboardorhardware,justto
findoutitdoesn’treallywork.
ThisbookshowshowacircuitcanbesimulatedinNIMultisim™environment.
Multisim is a very powerful schematic capture and circuit simulation software for
analog, digital, and power electronics in education and research. Multisim was
originally created by a company named Electronics Workbench Group, which is
now adivisionofNationalInstruments(NI).Multisim integratesindustry-standard
SPICE simulation with an interactive schematic environment to instantly visualize
andanalyzeelectroniccircuitbehavior.
Thisbookcontains89samplesimulations.Allthedetailsofstudiedexamplesare
shown,soyoucanfollowandredothemeasily.Itisrecommendedtodosomehand
calculationsforthegivenexamplesandcompareitwiththesimulationresult.Tryto
find the source of discrepancy if hand analysis and simulation results are not the
same.Thishelpsyoutolearntheconceptsdeeply.Forinstance,theforwardvoltage
dropofdiodesisneglectedinhandanalysisofdioderectifiers.So,thereisalittlebit
difference between handanalysisresult(which ignoresthevoltagedropofdiodes)
andsimulationresult(whichconsidersthevoltagedropofdiodes).
vii
viii Preface
The main audiences of this book are students of engineering (for instance,
electrical, biomedical, mechatronics, and robotic, to name a few) and engineers
who want to learn the art of circuit simulation with Multisim. By ignoring the
theoretical discussions behind the circuits, anyone who is interested in circuits can
usethebooktolearnhowtoanalyzeacircuitwiththeaidofcomputer.
This book is composed of five chapters and one appendix. A brief summary of
bookchaptersandappendixisasfollows:
®
Chapter 1 introduces MATLAB and its common daily uses for electrical engi-
neers.MATLABisusedwidelyinthisbooktodotherequiredcalculations.
Chapter 2 introduces Multisim and shows how it can be used to analyze electric
circuits.Studentswhotake/tookelectriccircuitsI/IIcoursecanusethischapteras
a reference to learn how to solve an electric circuit problem with the aid of
computer.Thischapterhas44samplesimulations.
Chapter 3 focuses on the simulation of electronic circuits (i.e., circuits which
contain diode, transistor, and ICs) with Multisim. Students who take/took elec-
tronicI/II/IIIcoursecanusethischapterasareferencetolearnhowtoanalyzean
electronic circuit with the aid of computer. This chapter has 27 sample
simulations.
Chapter4focusesonthesimulationofdigitalcircuitswithMultisim.Studentswho
take/tookdigitaldesigncoursecanusethischapterasareferencetolearnhowto
simulateadigitalcircuitoncomputer.Thischapterhaseightsamplesimulations.
Chapter 5 focuses on the simulation of power electronics circuits with Multisim.
Students who take/took power electronics/industrial electronics course can use
this chapter as a reference to learn how to simulate a power electronics circuit
withtheaidofcomputer.Thischapterhas10samplesimulations.
Appendixreviewssomeoftheimportanttheoreticalconceptsusedinthebook.
I hopethat this book will be useful to thereaders, and Iwelcome comments on
thebook.
Istanbul,Turkey FarzinAsadi
Contents
®
1 EssentialofMATLAB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . 1
1.1 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2 MATLABEnvironment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.3 BasicOperationwithMATLAB. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.4 ClearingtheScreenandVariables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
1.5 BasicMatrixOperations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
1.6 TrigonometricFunctions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
1.7 HyperbolicFunctions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
1.8 LogarithmicandExponentialFunction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
1.9 RoundingFunctions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
1.10 ColonOperator. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
1.11 LinspaceandLogspaceCommands. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
1.12 Ones,ZerosandEyeCommands. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
1.13 FormatCommand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
1.14 PolynomialFunctions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
1.15 SolvingtheOrdinaryDifferentialEquations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
1.16 PartialFractionExpansionandLaplaceTransform. . . . . . . . . . . 45
1.17 CalculationofLimit,DerivativeandIntegral. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
1.18 MATLABEditor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
1.19 PlottingtheGraphofData. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
1.20 ImpulseResponse,StepResponseandFrequencyResponse
ofDynamicalSystems. . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . .. . 71
1.21 GettingHelpinMATLAB. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
1.22 Exercises. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
FurtherReadings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
2 SimulationofElectricCircuitswithMultisim™. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
2.1 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
2.2 MultisimEnvironment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
2.3 OpeningaNewFile. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
ix
x Contents
2.4 VersionofMultisim. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
2.5 MultisimComponents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
2.6 SearchforaComponent. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
2.7 SampleSimulations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
2.8 Example1:ASimpleResistiveVoltageDivider. . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
2.9 Example2:DC/ACModeofVoltmeter/Ammeter. . . . . . . . . . . . 127
2.10 Example3:MeasurementwithProbes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
2.11 Example4:AveragePowerMeasurementwith
PowerProbe. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
2.12 Example5:DifferentialProbe. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
2.13 Example6:RMSMeasurementinPresence
ofHarmonics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
2.14 Example7:MeasurementwithMultimeter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
2.15 Example8:Givingnametothenodes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
2.16 Example9:GroundElement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
2.17 Example10:JunctionTool. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
2.18 Example11:CommentBlock. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
2.19 Example12:CircuitDescriptionBox. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
2.20 Example13:TitleBlock. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180
2.21 Example14:ExportingtheSchematic
asaGraphicalFile. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
2.22 Example15:VoltageDivisioninACCircuits. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187
2.23 Example16:PowerWaveforms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
2.24 Example17:CalculationofApparentPower
andPowerFactor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216
2.25 Example18:WattmeterBlock. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219
2.26 Example19:Current/VoltageMeasurementwithVoltage
ControlledVoltageSourceBlock. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223
2.27 Example20:CurrentClampElement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235
2.28 Example21:MeasurementofPhaseDifference
withOscilloscope. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239
2.29 Example22:MeasurementofPhaseDifference
withLissajousCurves. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247
2.30 Example23:Agilent®andTektronix®
MeasurementTools. . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . .. 251
2.31 Example24:TransientsofanRLCCircuit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255
2.32 Example25:DecreasingtheTimeStep
ofSimulation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281
2.33 Example26:ExportingfromGrapherView
toMSExcel®. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283
2.34 Example27:ExportingfromGrapherView
toMATLAB®. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284
2.35 Example28:DCOperatingPoint. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288
2.36 Example29:PotentiometerBlock. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292
Contents xi
2.37 Example30:SimulationofCircuitsContaining
aSwitch. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297
2.38 Example31:TheveninandNortonEquivalent
CircuitsI. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307
2.39 Example32:TheveninandNortonEquivalent
CircuitsII. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . 312
2.40 Example33:OnPageConnectorElement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318
2.41 Example34:ThreePhaseCircuitsandCapacitive
Compensation.. . . .. . . . .. . . .. . . . .. . . .. . . . .. . . .. . . . .. 323
2.42 Example35:MeasurementofPhaseCurrentforDelta
ConnectedThreePhaseSources. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340
2.43 Example36:MaximumPowerTransfer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343
2.44 Example37:Transformer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 351
2.45 Example38:CoupledInductors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 358
2.46 Example39:FrequencyResponseofElectric
Circuits. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370
2.47 Example40:MeasurementofInput/OutputImpedance
asaFunctionofFrequency. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 380
2.48 Example41:BodePlotter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397
2.49 Example42:StepResponseofElectricCircuitsI. . . . . . . . . . . . 400
2.50 Example43:StepResponseofElectricCircuitsII. . . . . . . . . . . . 409
2.51 Example44:TransferFunctionBlock. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413
2.52 Exercises. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 427
FurtherReadings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 428
3 SimulationofElectronicCircuitswithMultisim™. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429
3.1 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429
3.2 Example1:DiodeI–VCharacteristics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429
3.3 Example2:IVAnalyzer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 441
3.4 Example3:EffectofTemperatureontheVoltageDrop
ofDiode. . . . . .. . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . .. 447
3.5 Example4:DiodeSmallSignalResistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 452
3.6 Example5:ZenerDiodeCharacteristics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 453
3.7 Example6:ModelofComponents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 462
3.8 Example7:HalfWaveRectifier.. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . 471
3.9 Example8:HalfWaveRectifierwithFilerCapacitor. . . . . . . . . 481
3.10 Example9:FullWaveRectifier. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 489
3.11 Example10:VoltageRegulators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 494
3.12 Example11:MeasurementofVoltageRegulationfor
aVoltageRegulatorIC. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 496
3.13 Example12:AdditionofFaulttoComponents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 498
3.14 Example13:CommonEmitterAmplifier. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 505
3.15 Example14:MeasurementofInput/OutputImpedance
ofCommonEmitterAmplifier. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 512