Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Diagnosis and Treatment

313 Pages·2015·10.238 MB·English

by  Nobutoshi Ando (eds.)

Esophageal
Squamous Cell
Carcinoma
Diagnosis and
Treatment
Nobutoshi Ando
Editor
123
Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Nobutoshi Ando
Editor
Esophageal Squamous
Cell Carcinoma
Diagnosis and Treatment
Editor
NobutoshiAndo
DepartmentofSurgery
InternationalGoodwillHospital
Yokohama,Japan
ISBN978-4-431-54976-5 ISBN978-4-431-54977-2(eBook)
DOI10.1007/978-4-431-54977-2
SpringerTokyoHeidelbergNewYorkDordrechtLondon
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Foreword
There are about ten histologic types and subtypes of carcinoma of the esophagus,
each of which can present a variety of morphologic findings. In Japan, squamous
cellcarcinomasaccountfor90%ofallesophagealcarcinoma.Thelatterhalfofmy
career, 1980–1995, coincided with the establishment and development of the
International Society for Diseases of the Esophagus, and consensus meetings
were held frequently. Fortunately, I was provided several chances to present at
suchmeetingasoneofthesymposiasts.ThroughthecongressesoftheSocietywe
wereabletorecognizemanydifferencesofopinionbetweenWesterncountriesand
Japanregardingthepatternsofdevelopmentofprimarylesions,invasion,andtypes
oflymphnodemetastasisofesophagealcancer.Inparticular,greatdifferenceswere
seen concerning the extent of esophageal resection and lymph node dissection,
whichwasprobablydueinparttodifferentfrequenciesofvarioushistologictypes.
For example, adenocarcinoma arising in Barrett’s esophagus is much more com-
mon in Western countries than in Japan. Optimal treatment for each histologic
subtypestillhasnotbeenestablished.Althoughmedicalsciencehasindeeddevel-
oped,weneedtoinvestigateeachhistologicsubtype.
Thisbookconcentratesonsquamouscellcarcinomafromtheaspectsofepide-
miology, pathology, diagnosis, stage classification, statistics, and so on. In the
chapters on treatment, the authors talk about all types of endoscopic resection,
minimally invasive esophagectomy, esophagectomy via thoracotomy and/or lapa-
rotomy,andesophagealreconstructionaswellasalltherapeuticaspects,including
chemotherapyandradiotherapy.Thissinglevolumecontainsstate-of-the-artinfor-
mationonallaspectsofsquamouscellcarcinoma.Iamconfidentthisbookwillbe
looked on as the bible of esophageal cancer, and it will also be very useful for
comparative information for those who deal mainly with adenocarcinoma of the
esophagus.Finally,Iappreciatetheopportunitytointroducethisbookandstrongly
hopeitwillbeofgreathelptothediagnosisandeffectivetreatmentofcarcinomaof
theesophagusworldwide.
TeruoKakegawa,M.D.
HonoraryPresidentoftheJapanEsophagealSociety
v

Preface
Esophagealcancercausesanestimated386,000deathsworldwideannuallyandis
thesixthmostcommoncauseofdeathformen.Thebackgroundcharacteristicsof
esophageal cancer treatment are markedly different between Asian and Western
countries, however. With regard to tumor histology, squamous cell carcinoma,
which is associated with smoking and alcohol consumption, is overwhelmingly
prevalentinAsia,whereasadenocarcinomaassociatedwithBarrett’sesophagusis
markedlyprevalentintheWest.InAsia,especiallyinJapan,thekeypersonswho
play the most vital roles in the management of esophageal cancer patients are
surgeons; in the West medical and radiation oncologists as well as surgeons are
heavily involved. The approach of surgeons regarding cancer surgery varies from
locoregionaltolocaltumorcontrol,particularlyfocusingonlymphnodedissection.
Theapproachofhealthprofessionalstosurgicaladjuvanttherapydiffers,therefore,
betweenAsiaandtheWest.ConsideringtheseEast–Westdifferencesinesophageal
cancertreatment,thecurrentlyavailableresultsofWesternevidenceshouldnotbe
considereddirectlyapplicabletoesophagealcancerinAsia.
Japanhaslongbeentakinginitiativesinestablishingadvancesininterpretingthe
pathology, introducing new diagnostic and therapeutic methods for patients with
esophagealsquamouscellcarcinoma.Theauthorsofeachchapterinthisbookare
all at the forefront in their field and they present original Japanese knowledge in
terms of treatment of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, expertise developed
and accumulated for more than half a century. As this volume contains a wide
spectrumofcurrentinformationandaddressestopicssurroundingthetreatmentof
patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, it is highly relevant to Asian
physiciansandresearchers,aswellastotheircounterpartsintheWest.
I would like to express my sincere thanks to the authors for producing their
chapters in a timely fashion. I am grateful to Mr. J.P. Barron for his friendly
guidance regarding editing this book. Finally, my thanks go to Ms. Yoko Arai
and Ms. Makie Kambara at Springer Japan for their efforts to help me make this
bookareality.
Yokohama,Japan NobutoshiAndo
vii

Contents
1 EpidemiologyofESCC. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
ShoichiroTsugane
2 PathologyofEsophagealSquamousCellCarcinoma. . . . . . . . . . . 13
YukihiroNakanishi
3 DiagnosticImagingoftheEsophagealCancer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
HiroyaOjiri
4 EndoscopicDiagnosisofSquamousCellCarcinoma
oftheEsophagus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
ManabuMuto
5 StageClassifications:TheUICC/AJCCClassifications
andtheJapaneseClassification. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
HiromasaFujita
6 ComprehensiveRegistryinJapan. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
SojiOzawa
7 GuidelinesforDiagnosisandTreatmentinJapan. . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
YukoKitagawaandHiroyukiKuwano
8 SurgeryTransthoracicEsophagectomy. . . .. . . .. . . . .. . . .. . . .. 137
HirofumiKawakubo
9 Surgery:MinimallyInvasiveEsophagectomy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
HiroyaTakeuchi
10 Surgery:EsophagealReconstruction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
MichioSato
11 NeoadjuvantandAdjuvantTherapy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
NobutoshiAndo
12 ChemotherapyandChemoradiotherapy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
KenKato
ix