Eski Yunan'da Söylen ve Toplum

271 Pages·1996·2.681 MB·Turkish

by  Jean-Pierre Vernant

Jean-PieVrerren anFtr,a nsd1izi �iintiairriihii;:,1i 9s1i4.' Ptreo vins'te
dogdu1.9 48'Cd.eN .R.S.'ye1 9g7i5r"Cdtoiel. l edgeeF rancep'rdoaf esor
olduF.c lsekfaiv ramltaarr ighiib yie pyenbii ra layna ratBho.y leciel,k
Yunand ii�iiniirlyeorliai;:n 1dkeanr baakh u ssalhgmm dogu1��u1nka
tuttu.
Vernantb'am� hcyaa p1tlan:
Leso rigidneel sap enseger ecq(u1e9 62)
Mythee tp enseceh e/ze Gsr ec(s1 96g5e;n i�let2i.lb mais�1 m1,9 85)
Mythee tt rageedniG er i>caen cien(nPei erVried al-Nagiulee(t)1 972)
Lesr usedse / 'intelliLgame entcieds.e sG ri>c(sM arcDeelt ieninlee( )1 974)
Religigorne cquree,l igiaonntsi qu(e1s9 76)
Religiohniss,t oirraeiss,o (n1s9 79)
Larn isindeu s acifriceen p aygsr e(cM arcDeelt ieninlee
Jean-PiVeerrrnea ynotn etimin(d1e9)7 9)
Lam artd ans/ eyse uxF.i gurdees/ 'auternGe r i>caen cien(n1e9 85)
Mythee tt raged1i1(eP ierrVei dal-Nagiulee(t)1 986)
L' indivildamu a,r t/,' amouSro.i -meemte/ 'auternGe r i>caen cien(n1e9 89)
Mythee tr eligeinoG nr i>caen cien(n1e9 90)
Figureisd,o lmeass,q ue(s1 990)
jean-PiVeerrrne ant
Mytheit!s ocit't!nt Ger h·nen cii:n11l'
ro Hum etnitni. ihma klan
imgeK itabeYvaiy mlainl Tea nsuA c;1k'mdir.
ISBN9 75-533-159-X
1.Ba skM1a:y 1s1 996
Yay1mHaa z1rlayan
TmN1l\ �1k
Kapakf asanm1
FntmKna rkut
Dizgi
Mesut Seven
KapakB askis1
Pe/in O4f1�8e t97 30
ic;B askv!e C ilt
ZinieO fset22 9 668 4
imgKli't alxovi
Yay111ln'haSk;1a n\.' l' ·r ic I .Id. <;;ti.
K<>n<;oukr N<•.\: Ku10l6.6i'iy:0 \ nk.ir.i
kl:(�I2HI9I�O6- -H9�6 II
I .(11b1:2 ) h�'i.2 1'i2
Jean-VPeirenrarnet
EskYiu nanda
Soylevne Toplum
�eviDreinyeit leyip
Yay1Hmaaz 1rlayan
TansuApk
C::evMierhim:eE tm iOnz can
i(:iNDEKILER
Giri§ 7
.............................................................................................
S1mSfa va§1m1 11
............................................................................
Dlke-KeSnatvlae§r1 . 27
..................................................................
Evlilik 51
1.6VI..Y iiziyliIe.ll Y iiAzrya1slm \:diain l e
YunanistTaonp'lduamT saarlii lhOe i i§iincEevlreirmii n7 3
....... .
I\:.i n 73
..................................................................................
IIY.u nasntian 81
.....................................................................
TannlTaorp lumu 95
......................................................................
Ani lAen O lmayan :. .........1.1.5. ............
.......................................
HayvanlialTrea nnlAarra smda 135
..............................................
HesiodoPsr'otmae thSeouysl eni 137
............................................
IB.i riDniciiz Aenyl:a tBmmi �im\:s6ezli imlemes1i7 4
.........
IIl.ik ncDii izAenyl:a mls�aelr ik\:l6ezriiinm lenm1e48s i
.....
IIDI�.i incii TDolpilzuemKysi:ai ll-tBiaigrlealm 91 8
..............
SoyleNneidne nleri 193
IM.y thoisl Leo gos 194
A.S ozi le Yaz1 149
B.S oylenTdaernii hlF ee lesyeef 198
C.S oylBein� imilleDeri ii zeyleri 201
.................................
D.S oyleinllSeeor y lenbilgisi 205
.......................................
E.A nlaYmo kluigluYe e riAnrea smSdoay len 208
............
F YunaSno ylenbiillBega ilDsili i §iincesi 212
...................
IIB.i r S6yBlielnilmeDiron ger n 215
A.S 6ylielnOe i Kla:r �1la�St6mynlaehn bc;:i1lgimm 2 17
B.S 6ylielne ToplEuvmrsiIamnl:g iliz
lnsanbc;:i1lgimm 217
C.S 6ylielnEe d ebiTyaarti Thair:i hFsiello loji2 19
D.S 6ylOezne riAnrea �ntamlaDnlni �linsel
c;:evreni 222
.....................................................................
IIGIl.i nlimSloiyzldeen 224
..........................................·..·.·. .....
A.S imgeciillle�i lke vsellik 225
B.Y enYia kla�M1.Mm a:u ss'Gd.aD nu mezil'e2 30
C.L evir-auSsts'Yuanp 1salc1hg1 235
....................................
IVS 6ylOeknu malialnSe o nmlan 242
c;:1kmalar 251
S6yel1i1lD ei i�iinnicaner 'dmdaSn6 y1li1el Ter aegdy�ai,m di
deS 6y1l1ie lToep /mu ba�hagl1t mddae,v amh1e ni.yiazy mlan­
mam1b�i irn celeme dizissii zsluOenkruueyy.ou mczu snouyn­
lensiony loelnm aykaanv ramli.aikr<;el zab iarr adkau llamlma­
sm1s orgulhaamkak v1a rd<;ii.ri;n kfri.ain,s 1zc"aidlae " baglac1
birdi;eonk a nlatma �1mabkatsabi,it ur l amia� levyiannimnd a
birlyiadg aik ar�1thg1 gosterebilir.
S6yel1i1lD ei i1�1iciydayzia rkHeenn rDie lacroigxi.'inzme l
kitaplanbnidraignne in,i; ligyiamyd1em laDdi1i/gl 1De,i� iii11ce
admv1e rdikgiit adbi.1i �i.idnui.mi.Ky iotprtaad ilddi.ei �i.incenin
varolagelddiildgii.inin �ii.;oi lndcueng uud,i. i�i.inbciedrni 6il-n
tesiini;ie rdikgeinnddiii lsaenll atunhmempo tesigneei; tigini
gosteri.y0 ozradmuanbliaarrr aygae tirdmiegtiimn lbeerniz,e r
bii;imidkei,bl iior k umayeal vergii�bglioi n ii.niyori;di.ui,n ki.i
biyra ndasno ylenolzegri.deii. i�i.idni.siezlg i.ileri ayirdetmeye;
bellZeakm,a Hne,n neHse,s tgiiab i soyldei.nil�eiy.raiinnnls ael­
nm toparlamaya <;aahy�m1z yaomra naudmzaa a khklan, kop­
malabne lirtmek, di.Yiu�ni.ainn cteasriinhgisenel,li �ii<;miin de
soyldeinl inndaesna1 yln ld1ggoms1t eninsetki ymo.rS dy6ule11
i/Ter aegday'ddaa sonmf ai;rokkh dePgirieelrV diid.a l-Naquet
ilbee nV, y i.izy1l Atina'gsemldeani elgseio ydyli.eeinn�ici. ei n­
ceb i<;imloezreil,ih kulkeu kssaily,ad si.ail� i.biini;ciem alrear­i
smdab elireetkni le�gii.mil1ne� r1igp mkaa rma6yn1e riyko.r du
Tragedyyaaz arlaynanpm1 ti.liannsl,oi. yil eniczel eklaehrpi ni
bunloazng i.gielr ekdloegrm ltusiu�nldeay ie<;ni,ns doey lenin
hemy era ld1hge1md et art1�biilyrda 1zgmt1 i. inrdieikbiuk ar�1-
la�mabyu1s ,i. irgeekrliil miemtii,n lcearnai hnc n1o ktasymad-a
7
kalayabilecegimbiizar l aaoynln uc§athoukrmhg y ibdiiyS.o y­
len tirlaeg eadryaas mdialkii§ kbielleriirknsa irzm,a n§i1tk eligi­
nes ayg1 diusytmeag kium§izk usc;:uazh §malaynomn1lZe1n di­
ren ikilii lyieol ngtielDmil yid§il:id niczeg elbeerliinril emek
lizeyraep 1ntnlm,ae tinlyearpi1nc;:s oazll imlembeisdrii yzlgee,­
nin ic;:idnedgeik§ii myleenriil,iy kalpe1rdsila,il z eltamc;:iekllear­i
yabiletceyekok o! l atna rishOsfelll §tlbminralye1§ tirmi§tik.
Bui .ic;:lciinlcbtletile dk ei soyillteeon p luarma smddaah a
gev§ek, rdaashtal andla!hsaaaz al n,l ambhi r gboarugl beilir.
Buk ezy almzYcuan atno pluimluke u mmlankmo naul abni r­
kac;:i cnelemesyolyel,e inllgebi al§ik a birbkiarac;:rmga1ey tai r­
mi§o lmayayG1emr?c;: ekdteek ni tabs1mm1,sf a va§1sma1v,a §,
evlikloinku laenlmae l ain.m iac;:k alebyal§el amaikltlbafi;ht ki­
lesro ylenPlreormie,t heus islboeuy glieb.niiiern s kic;:baigl gini­
nino ni.indekis osnomyllakenon n ulangnednaeb !i orl c;:i.in­
meylbei tmektAerdairm§rat.l1 ansm! fas§mUdy aa d ab u izlegi
sec;:erkkeon§ ulldainlne,k lc;:eer§iifntis,lra it lapnaynm 1 gozard1
edecedke gileilmb etAtnec.a yka kmdabna k1ld1bgam§dkaa
birc;:yoekr doel duggiub biu raddaar astlapnatrmmamg o1l du­
gunub,iy ra p1dtoml ambaic;:c;:lianrdi elkeir leybiii§rc;:zi onnimn­
luludgaab oyueng digsianmiy omDmi.k kaotkluiy uncuunb,u
c;:e§iitnlcie lembeilarer raiyg ae tiraeynmz, a manddaab uk itab1
bundaonn cyea zilOmlIa§kn i taplbairrllae §c;:tiizrgeinin ziinn i
si.irmc;:eoskzi onoirln m ayackaagm1s mday1m.
Boylebcier kka1c;:sa ac;: 1klamyaeytlian ectelgmkia mk.a lem
Marxc;:ihikc;: indbeiktria rt1§c;:mearnc;:me vegsiirnmee ktEesdkiir .
Yunaanu 'y gulaknoalne ci i.irestmi1smfa vbai§c;:k1iammv1ir ,a m­
lanngme c;:erlitlairtgIi§nlimf ekteinn,el geerrdio n.iiMpa,r x'm
tarighesrec;:le kliilfkeal retkroh plumoslaul§ tuim. irkleenrdiini­n
neo zgi.ikloin.uisguin.dia kik akversakmian yetiseitn­i teslim
mekn iyetdiengdiel ydailmm zTcoap.l umdsiazlg ein§ilne yi§in­
deD lke-keknutmimnl annsmi,y aysaa§la mmbmi rc;:ok ac;:idan
aglbfa san paym1 vduare gkuolnaosmiailmki §ikilgleee rrc;: ek-
8
likleersikPnio, l iilsge i iniimikiazpdietktaiol pilsutm blaagrl a­
mmdaa ymi §levslaehrioepl mad1gm1 ammasmaatcmmadka y­
d1ma ymz amandEak.o nomiiyllgeoi llgiu lan yeortluerrti­ne
maki i;:itno plumestakle nili;:eirn ddieni, leek onoamria smda
karmab§i1irki; i �gee i;:menvianr hggmo1s tetruetnu nm,ld aav­
ram§lgaonz o niinbduel undurgmearke kBiur a.n lambdua
metnkiany nagamrada, l anmLa.G, e met'"iLnna o timoyhnti ­
quede vlaael uer1 G1re cea'd1hi ncelemkeosyimnaizk o run­
day1z.
"Ulke-kenstalvea"r,§iE 1ns kYiu nan'sdaav as§o mnlkaon­
nulbui orr takki tagbiarb io§l iiomliairy aakz 1lmB1u§g ti1rn.ii §­
teligiinndceeklie mdeinanid na,m i1ls ea vaa§rpa sm§dUya a d a
bua nlamkduam albileicleik§ ktialreirhe ; bofayrkuhnb ciai;: im­
leriinzil eyebilekcaergmiam§yi1izkn ,de e b elirestikzi le§im
baglaanynan cathakm mabsi1rr a sldaengt1i l.
Evlilairkklaei;:i,ak g dan klasik gi;:eai;:giard doikngaiidi a­r
§iimleirllgi;:eiah l§im am1gzeal ince, bunud odgomgymad an
soylenbiilnicmesleelm oertnaiyi;:na1 karbdi1rg 1s oi;:nomzum ek
ii;:in yapt1Dke. tiMeanArndceeo,ln idso syaseml1ea hpb unu
biitbiiilrnt lbriht ksiolyelre ncedloegrmgi ennei §lenyiegniin de
bisro mnlkaa r§1ldau§:Y1 yaosrael§ le, kapbaitrmbaiyr1i nden
ay1ran sobyilzseeun nidnu tgaum amkeanr §1tlhadk ollgauor rii­
niiiml Ve i le yIiVi zAyt1iln a'i;:somkdm a hbau lamk kummsal
geri;:eklairkalsemrdiaa pkkai y nhnke redpekn1 yoBri.zg ea re,
evliliilkgglieell iek nleertianr iihnsceell emeMs.Di eytliee nne'in
biarr aygae tirsdoiyglie n metinleriy adpe1rsi;:laoel­m esinin
ziimleimiezseir einniek oonlui;: iianymmea ra§t1rimkayini mi ­
ziionliui §turmaBkuti;: aidfy1tarek. l a§1madmaakcti1o ,p lumsal­
las oylenasreals mdkaakri§ 1ehtkkhi lbeirrib,i rlerini aydmlatan
ancaakh §veris§1lrearsimk diamk ie zb irbirglieiri;:ilnein diren
kimkie zd eb irbirdleenrgienlie iykedini izlembdeenkzie rlik
aymz amanddaau yti§mazhdkalhaiany k ia vramakt1r.
SaptamalaYunnma1nz taninklyiao nnmi ieyllaeeh rO:n ce-
9
liklien,s atno plumuonrugnti lienmesaizyy lade a c;so1kk 1,
dogrndialni i§c;kiin sdaen loannc,e lgealyenrcia,h klkaunty­la
sabli tro pluolluakr saokn;rd aak enddii i§ieirnesgeiblno ey un
egesni mgedsie!l, sm1tdliazngodelm acr1a k.
"An ainlo el mayanL".Md oau linniiensr a'v1tma rt1§1rken,
bu ikkaiv ramillago illair yaakz,a niny ibcier birianyd1ernd 1g1
ruhaslt,o plumdseagle rlaenrcianbk u d egerldeirnlsete als a­
nmlantnu tabrihi tiianrlaisimgkdiuair nlabcaagik c; inadnel a§I­
labilecegini gostermek istiyornz.
Gerisyoen i kkia ktnmzk ahyo"rH:eo sdios'Ptrao metheus
soyleinli"e"S oyleNneidne nleArdil"a nnkme ndilyeertienrii n­
cea c;ikdl1aklahnemri, k isdienk iint ac;bemv resdionndiedi op­
la§tb1ag§s1 o nmaap ac;g1okn derddiigii§niii niiyor; merkezdeki
sonmuanl tmb1i kre zd ahac; iziyoSronyzl:be nit ro plumda,
topludmas oylenlehrainngsdime 1 rliac;ri nhdaen,g bii c;imler
altmbdeal iBroiyrld?ei lgee tirildsiognimbn edledk eif azlas1y­
lay almc;ur. Yayc;m1mekavsimnF1dr ea nc;Moaissp erod'onsutn­
lugubnoar c;ollud ugum ydaip1ztilsairn de, bkaa§rh§kml anna
yalmzickati e rairma smidlai k§ukrin lmamakOtrakdee1kkr,s. i k
adnnlarblaa§,k alabniyrllabi uka tlea kma nk§a na§c; msamaya
c;1kmb1u§a ra§nta,mh erbbiirbriak undai geriic;yi lc;geee c;mi§,
bibra kundai gerleraiynnod,ze enr okl aini c; kavc;riazmdmi gi
biiri c;geini stoitiunret ulmu§tUdri:i §Siotiyonlpcelenu,,m .