Epicuro

159 Pages·1975·1.669 MB·Italian

by  Piero Innocenti

Innocenti
Epicuro
Strumen1t6iL aN uova Italia
l"e dizioneg:e nnai1o 975
C Copyrig1h9t7 b5y La NuovaI taliaEdi triceF,ir enze
PierIon nocenti
Epicuro
�
LaN uovIat alEidai trice �

DaS amoa dA tene
1.
Autonomiinat elleptrteucaolqceue e,ll dai E picuro.
Giàd atia radnind ie lplean ultdiemcaad deeIlV s ecoploos ­
siampoa rldaiur neas u aat tisvpietcàu lianpt riovpar uino :
circdoiil not ellaeC totluoaflonine qelu, a lseic ominciano
ad ibatlteqe urees tcioonnnie asllsraei fodremlal 'atomismo.
Primaid epitt irf,er atNeelloic:Cl hee,r edAermios,t obulo,
chpeo rii masceornlou tiu tltava i ta.
Negalnin siu cceEspsiicvutire ond tias postdaaCr oslio ­
fonpee alrl argalrape r opsrfieadr iaaz ionee f onduan a
scuoalM ai tilneenlel,' diiLs eoslbago i,sà e d-e per­ò
diu ni nsegnaimsetnittout irteonvti'p arninmdiaaA risto­
telienp ersoen tau ttfioorrae nLtaei .n evitraibviallei tà
èr isoilnft aav odreega lrii stodtaue nli inctie rvde'natuot o­
ritdàe mla gistprraetpooai s gtioa rd(icnhcieo stituivano
las eddee llleez ipounbib liicqlh uea)rl,ie t aigrleaip c iurei
ilp ermedsiss oe rvirNseelfn rea.t tepmeproòè,, s tato
recluutnan teoo fietnat usiEarsmtaar,cc oh,ed opqou a­
ranatnan dii f edeilntiàn tegrlrsiou tctcae daelrltàae sta
delslucao la.
Iln uovtoe ntastisi vvool agL ea mpsadcoov,ie lg o ver­
natosrier iMaintor( af unziodniLa irsiiom aaccoc)o gel ie
finanzEipai cupreor,m ettecnodsdoligm leit terraed iicni
una mbiennotnep rogrammaticoasmteilInentc. el idmia
relatliivbaed riti àn segnamleacn otmou nfiiotrài sec e
risalag qouneos pteor ioidlmo a gginourm erdoia depti
prestiEgnitorsaiinn.of aotrtaii nr appocrotnEo p icuro:
Colatteeo,r dieclonl eac esdseimlta às sipmroo seliet ismo
autodriue n ad ifedseallfi al osodfiemala estirnod irizzata
a Tolemde'oA lessaMnedtrrioad;ol r'oa,lli epvroe diletto
dit ututnaav itPao;l iemnaot,e madtiiv caog lLieao;n teo
eI domendeuoec, o spicciutit acdhiepn oir tasnoos tegno
socieafi lnea nziMairtirsoat. e scsoon tinaus eorvàv enzio-
l
narleac omuneiptiàc urriemaa,s pteaurvn il ungpoe riodo
anchdeo ploa p artednezMlaa ester doe ls uos tapffe r
Atene.
Benp resitnof atti, icmloo lvliomcesanuttb ooa saiu to­
nomeE,p icuarpop roadq au elclhaea ,ld il àd edle cadere
politèit cuot,t loarc aa pitpailùre i cdciat radi(zsioonnoi
inv idai g estazlieco onmep ondeenltglire a nndiu,o vmee ­
tropoorlii encthaaeln ic,hi enq uessteot tloetr oeg lieranno
il primaÈt iol3) 0.6 h,a t rentacainnnPqieu.rea ltrettanti
vivinr àA tenceo,n tinunaenlsd uooi nsegnamneonnt o
ostasnettict aem biamdeign otvie rsnoom,m osrsiev,o lu­
zionSiu.as edielG, i ardicnoon,s isdtieu nntace a sea d i
uno rtcoh,en etle stamveenrtroa snenpoa rea dteis tinati
l'uanlal sac uoll'aa,l atlrlcoao mundietiàd iscepIonl i.
parcte'l è' intendzidi iovnied leedr uee f unzi(oln'iun a
seddee ll'insegln'aamlectnortlool ,er geisoi denpzeira le
glaill ieivnip )a,rl tave o lodnits ào ttraalrplsuai b blicdiit à
porteig ciin nsaseidd,ie putdaatletl raa dizailollneee z ioni
ed iscusfislioosnoifim cash oet top-oisntsee gln'aevsap e­
riendziMa i til-eanleslcao moaduat odreigiti àn nasiarchi.
Len ormdee llvai tnae lG iard(iintloe rminpea ssò
prestias dseismiog pnearra en tonomsaesdieea i nsegna­
menteop icufraeninp)oe nsaadrue n a"r ego"l naes le nso
monastdieclpola ar oLlaac .o munèic toàn cecpoimtuean
organismo aiud tiosncoemvpoiop; lr ia tiiclar niom pro­
vero receli apr reocciop roca cdoenllcfeoe lspsseio;on noe
sconsigglleiic acteiss essis uea dliic ibove;n gocneol e­
bramteen silmfeenstlteeeI , c a,dc ehsen egli or2n0od el
mesrei corldaann aos cdietMlaa estTraol.fi e stseo,l enni
perl 'appadriua flitcoi aclhielt eàc ircomnadd ais volgi­
mentsoe mplicicsosnismiose,ts osneon zianlemlbe annt­e
chetitnco o mune. Rimrairtruaaalnllnciaoo munpietrà
secotleis,t imoniiannsdiroei mceo nospceeilrn f zoan datore
es enasmoi cdaelgleo dimednetroi vdaanu tneac ompagnia
reciprocgarmaednetveo le.
Ilr imane·ndteelv liatd aiE picudroop iol s uoi nse­
diamenintA ot enneo nh as torliaas :u ab iogrmaafi-a
2
tericaolien cciodnle e t appdee llsau ae voluzsipoin­e
ritu1a• le
I tesdit iE picucriao r rivdaant or feo nptrii ncipali:
a)l eV itdeefi il osdoiDfi i ogene Laerszciroi,t toap era
a cavalfireair les econed iol t erzsoe codl.Co . ,c he
tramanodlata,rd eu nab iogrcaofimap lleett arE,ep istole,
leM assei cmaiptaillTi e,s teanmtVoi.t rasccoarlrdea
simpapteirla afi gurdia E picudir oc,u vie ngopnroe se
sistematilcead miefnedtsiefe r onat qeu alstiiapsdoii
attacco;
b)l oG noomlogViaot ioc,ra anccomlatnao scrdiit ta
sentesnczoep earltlfiaan ed ell'OttnoeclleBani litboot eca
apostovliactai ceap nuab blifcraiatl 1a 8 8e8 1il8 920;
c)ip apidriEi r coldaanlosl,ro o tolaemd eanllstauo c ces­
sivdae cifradzeiqiou naselo in sot artiic avaamtpfiir am­
mentdie ll'epies dteocllo arrpieuop sic udrioe poe rfiel o­
sofiche.
Comes iv edèeu ,n at radiziroenlea tivaammpeinsate,e
rapporatlalstaoa r ttoec caaift oan dadteolrlie altre scuole
post-soccriantiiccih,ea :n tsitccoihirice,in aabibcais;t anza
lontpaenracò r onologicnaemlfelanesct ioe s,t itduatli­ve,
l'epdoecplar otagoCn'ièus ntara a.g ioon efè,a tmteoc ca­
nicoI? s ilednezlitl raa dizhiaonnnneoo ndi raduon
signifincoanmt eon od elrliep ree dseel sloet tolineature,
edè c osaln chpee lra f ortduinE ap icucr'ouè:n os quili­
brifor laa q uantdiitd ài scuscshieeo gnlisi u scei tlòa
consegufernetqeu ednizr ai feriamlelnsetu iefi gurea
dottrdinaeu nl atloa,r ilevdaint zeasr teia lmepnetre­
venutdiaclil 'DailotgreoLn.ae e rzeiloe n4c1as uotii toli,
peurn g rannduem ecroom plesdsivi ovlou (mein ons ono
tuttèi s;p ecificcahtioa ramternattetd airu snias celta:
<<S ln umeroes sele ccelfluernotlnieoo p erdeiE picuro.
l.C frD.i ogeLnaee rzViPo,,V F. Lef ontpie rl os tuddii o Epic.
sono srtaactceo pelrt el ap rimvao ltmaod ernamenitneU seneEr;,
duee diziionnI it al!:>iaaa vutEop icuroO,; importantlee'd izipoarn­e
ziadlaeld ecimloi broD idoig eLnaee rzdiaot daa B ollaJc.· kB ollaMc.k
· Wismann;c fra.n chFea rnrgitoCnC,V DE,p p.9 -29.
2.S coperdtaoH ermann WonteklelB ai bliovtaetciac afun pau,b ­
blicaitnWo o tke-Useen reirp ubbliincUa steon er, ES.
3
Lep iùb elsloen [o. ]. e,c c» .) Dif attloan1, 0 ldee lle
. 3.
testimoinnidanizreeeg tutaegin l qiuaa nt(intoàinn qua­
littàr,a nqnuee lldeaS esEtmop iriict oe)s ti.
Nonc is is pieqguae sstoar steen ons ic hiariins ce
quale mliaps ousriaz mieonntea dliEe p icuèr soo vverti­
triIcnen.a ntzuit teos,sè a s ulllian deiaq uelclhaeF ar­
ringtohna d efinitol a« ribellcioonntelr aoc it»t 4à:
epilodgeold ibattdeifr osrigz iemà e ssieno peraa l i­
velclroo noldoeglielcgaoe modin iPae riecr lieb adnietlel a
cultnuarzai oantaelneid eaTs uec ididdaelt;lr aa geeduirai ­
pideina ;u ltiamnaa liasnic,h dea S ocrailt pea,r adosso
delcluami o rtneo nèc huen a ttdoia cucscao ntlrapo ol i.s
È vercoh en eClr itsoitn eeo rilz'zoab bedailelsnotz aat o
comed ovearses olduetlco i ttadminao q,u andnoe lla
Apolosgis oitat oll'iinmepao atf eanprzo al ieti idlcè am one
persocnoamlpeer escrimzoiroainlneef ormnae gatèi va,
bend ubbsieos ip ensaill sot ato-pceirtvtadàsa to u rbi­
nasain diridvipi oetneior neo np iuttoisnpt roo,s pettiva,
a unos tatdoi verAsnoc.h see ,c ontingentèe mente,
allsot ato-actietnticàeh sSeeo c raftaei ls uoa ttdoio sse­
quiqou,a lseii als uoi deaclele o d icle' entuscioans mo
cui è dal uaip provnaetlRal eap bulbilcaca o ndizdiio ne
soddisfdaezbiii osnoedg inn ia tuprrao,p rdeilafl aas dei
ascsioaziuomnaenp ar e-po5l,pi etroi rciae nptoavir esris o
lei nevitcaobnislie gudeiun nzaec ivillutsàs uaorstai,c o­
latgau:e rre, cpaorleistdtiipic oeat, e nozdai,fo r ag li
uomincio:n segudeenplzr eo grees dseolc liav ivlotlàu ti
daG laucopnoer,t avdoecltele asp il atoniincc oan,t rappo­
siziaolnlteae sdie lsltoa dtion atusroas tednauS tocar ate.
Ilrc ihiamaoq uesftaasd ee llsao ciuemtaàn( ahc ev uodii re
scavalPclaartpeoe nrrei aggandciiraertstiaa mS eonctrea te)
divieanded iriutntl uuroagc oo munpeo,i n,e lle scuole
epicudrite eu titt ie mpLiu.c relzoir oi precnodnue n a
immagicnhee s embmruat uatteas tualdmaetlne tsept loa ­
toniOcroa,z ais ou vao litnafin ivtoel (tceo mprieplso or cus
3.D . L.x,. 2 7.
4.F arringtCoCnV,D E, p.2 3.
5.P latopnpe,.1 871·.9
4
deg reEgpiec ucrhise,e m brriaf erimpeonlteom diicroe at to
G laounce)
6•
Qui è possiablilloeir nad icialpr rei meol emednit o
rottuErpai:c umroos trriaa lladcicrieatrtsaaiml pe ontteen ­
ziadleel plrae dicaszoicornaeft oincdaa,st uua n ar ivalu­
tazidoenlel 'incdoimvfeio dnudtoies ociaeld iimt oàr alità.
Viensea ltnaetlasl,to e stseom ploac, o mplaerstsiac olazione
classifidcealtPlooarl iiaat riicsat obtaeslaistcuuaa n ,d eli­
cateoq uilibdrici loa sins tie nsieo snuel clhai aarcac et­
tazidoanp ea rdtiec iascduenplor oprruioosl ooc iPaelre .
luliap oli(taiplca ard ie galffia rnio)nè l as trutptourr­a
tandteell vai teda e plr ogruemsasnomo a,« u nc arc»e 7r•e
Ches enshoao ccupdaerlsclioe m plicpaozritoantie dalla
vitaas socqiuaatnad,o : «lGacr airdnane o:na vefra me
nona vesre tneo na vefrr edcdhoai;b bqiuae sctoese es peri
dia verle,c oanZn ecuhpseu òg areggiinfa erlei »c �i?t à
Lam edesirmaag iognieu stdifiucnaq uiel ridfieulltao
mediazpiloanteo nica,p iauùnn ciovrecrhséaeq l uiisntdiic a
tendenziaplimùce onntfea cgernatzeai,le lq au alSeo crate
saresbobleilo p rimgor addiinu on ap ieùl abovriastiao ne
delsloac iAentcàh.qe u ip,e rdòo,p ilo d ecisiinvtoe rvento
diG laucodniev,i sriiognieid nca l asnseig,a zidoenbiei ­
sognnia turealsit,r anidaezlilo'nuedo amlfio n es pecifico
delvliat aat,t iivnitteàll ettualec omcpeou nrceoel pei­ta
mentdoid ivissioocnieUa nliev.e rsasllio,sb mioeE,tp tia­
curo: man onq uelplloa tonniéic noo ,r igi(nla'luet ilizza­
ziondee lp ersonaggiop-eSrco ocsrtartuueni ors et ato
astrantetlRol,ea p bulbi)cn,éa l av ersidoenlel 'umanesimo
retordiiIc soo crfialtoes:o dfiica o mposizdieolnclera i si
dic ladsisrii gmeunntiic iaptatlria vleafir sssoa zaisotnrea tta
dia rcheitdiepaicl hies ervosnoola o r iprodmuercr­e
canicamuennast uec cesdsiié olniest ceosn fees ssquaat-e
6.A d esL.u cretI.I 2.9 -3«3 [:. ] . .ah c hed istelsn io n! ungail
mormordar' upni ccriioollc hei lp ratior riigp hais torae llo'lmib rla
di selvatpiicahneat lel edgarnin loi ld ovutor istaolrp or oprcioor pol:
massimael locrh el as taginoonv elllaar ridee l'edir bbee ifi orc o­
sper»g (eL ucreDzNiCo,,p p.5 8-9).
7.E picG.. V .5 8( EpicurOo,, p .1 52«:B isognlai beradrasli
carcedreeg laiff arei d ella p»o) .li tica
8.E picG..V .3 3.
5
lificaCtoenE. p icusriho a l ap rimgar anvdoec ceh e
,
pardliua n iverseatliiscsuoml bola asd eiu nac onstatazione
delmlaat eridaelmlio tnàd eo d ell'ueo dmeoln leac essità
diu nai nterprestcaizeinodtneielfi lc'eadu enlol 'Naelltlroo .
stestseom pnoo,ns ifo rmulsanuolr leaa glituàd diirz iifi uto
motivmaotria listiecc aomrne énvteder ici lea sdsier igente
spodes(tspaiet naas lils ae ttLiemta tdeiPr laa tomnaes )i,
interprleeta asnpoi radziiv oansit e msacsosnev oel te
deludsaler ifludsesllova i tcai vmileet telnodroao d ispo­
siziuonnose t rumeindteoo loigngi rcaodd oig aranctoi­re
munquuen a deguamaellnavt iot rae ael lea r icedreclal a
felicsiotgàg etet ciovllae ttNiovnèa p.r ivdois ignificato
chiel t entadtifi avpora ssqaurees ltian aenac hseup li ano
polit-iilc op roselitteinstmadota,Co o laatlel ivello
degir ancdrie adtoidr eis tini -coclalreattttievrii zza solo
lap rimfaa sdee lvliatd ae lla cshèsetu tcac,e ssivsia mente
mostraepreàre t dai sponailcb oinlvee rctoimtteoa lmea,
nona nsidoisa an daar cee rcaprelrso t imolAanrzliio,n.
misucrhae v ienlei mitlaact aap acciotlàl etdtiu invaa
riceerdcoan iset riecaal me"nu tmea nis"t siipc aal eusna
gustaoc re ddieslpr epzezrio ln onc onveret qiutinod i
folluen,a s ordtiaf elinceigtaàt pievrla es uei nevitabili
sventcuornet,r apaplolvsait teda e sla ggio
q.
Ma definendloar ottduerlatl raa diznieoitn eer mini
delp uros ocratidsium noa,s emplfiecdee latlsà u o
moralispmroe dicadtiou rnioo , scavaldciaP mlean­to
tones,ir estaan conreall os chemdaiu nag enealogia
meccanUincu al.t eriimoproer,t ealnetmee dnitc oo mpren­
siosntena e sli gnifidcaaa tttor ibaulti rrassif eriinm ento
AtenQeu.a lrea gipoontee invdau rurnei ntellegtitou­ale
vanmea n onp iùg iovanigsisràie mloa,t ivcaemleenbtree ,
dis oliaduat onosmcioal aes fitniacnaz iaa lraisac,il aar e
seddeiu ng icào nquiosttpaitmouL ma,mp sapceoar,v ven­
turairnus niac itptoàt enziaolsmteidnlitfe ea, t etsot ranea
t.i 9ch.aLel� ac !mr p:ei tnmo.a.1 r -ei4« n mD. ezo zlocl 'msèi e rt audrra bb ioelt n us ircboua tpr eoomr ptleols 'taolstfora u­nie mbo,
ln onp erchsé1 nao stprioa cgeiro con1dil o t ravagdl'iaol cmuan p,e rché
dolclee, sec ontemilp lmia ld ic uis eip riv[o. ].» . ( LucrezDiNoC,,
p.5 7).
6