Enterprise Software Delivery: Bringing Agility and Efficiency to the Global Software Supply Chain

320 Pages·2012·12.58 MB·English

by  Alan W. Brown

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Enterprise Software
Delivery
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ptg8126969
Enterprise Software
Delivery
Bringing Agility and Efficiency to the
Global Software Supply Chain
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Alan W. Brown
Upper Saddle River, NJ • Boston • Indianapolis • San Francisco
New York • Toronto • Montreal • London • Munich • Paris • Madrid
Capetown • Sydney • Tokyo • Singapore • Mexico City
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Library of Congress Cataloging-i n- Publication Data ptg8126969
Brown, Alan W., 1962–
Enterprise software delivery : bringing agility and efficiency to the
global software supply chain / Alan W. Brown.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-0-321-80301-6 (pbk. : alk. paper)
1. Software engineering—Management. 2. Agile software development.
3. Enterprise application integration (Computer systems) 4. Management
information systems. 5. Business logistics. 6. International business
enterprises. I. Title.
QA76.758.B7625 2013
005.1068—dc23 2012012882
Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. This publication is protected by copy-
right, and permission must be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction,
storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical,
photocopying, recording, or likewise. To obtain permission to use material from this work, please
submit a written request to Pearson Education, Inc., Permissions Department, One Lake Street,
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458, or you may fax your request to (201) 236-3 290.
ISBN- 13: 978- 0-3 21- 80301-6
ISBN- 10: 0- 321- 80301-9
Text printed in the United States on recycled paper at Courier in Westford, Massachusetts.
First printing, June 2012
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Contents
List of Figures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi
Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xvii
Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xix
Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxv
About the Author . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxvii
Chapter 1: Why Is Enterprise Software Delivery So Difficult? . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.2 What Is an Enterprise System? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.3 What Is Different Today? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1.4 What Is the Focus of an Enterprise Software Delivery
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Organization? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
1.5 How Are the Needs for Enterprise Software
Delivery Evolving? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
1.6 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Chapter 2: Anatomy of an Enterprise Software Delivery Project . . . . . . . . 15
2.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
2.2 MyCo and the MyProj Enterprise Software
Delivery Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
2.3 Business and Organizational Context . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
2.4 Project Context . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
2.5 Project Execution Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
2.6 Post Hoc Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
2.6.1 Enterprise Software Delivery Organization
Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
2.6.2 Project-L evel Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
2.7 Commentary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
2.8 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
v
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vi Contents
Chapter 3: The Software Supply Chain and Software Factories . . . . . . . . 29
3.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
3.2 Toward a Software Supply Chain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
3.3 Industrializing Enterprise Software Delivery:
An Analogy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
3.4 A Software Factory Approach to Enterprise
Software Delivery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
3.4.1 Aligning Business and Engineering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
3.4.2 Automating Processes and Tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
3.4.3 Leveraging Assets across the Enterprise . . . . . . . . . . 35
3.4.4 Supporting Lean Processes and
Integrated Infrastructures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
3.4.5 Automating Operational Measurement
and Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
3.5 Key Elements of the Software Factory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
3.5.1 Business Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
3.5.2 Asset Production and Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
3.5.3 Application Development and Delivery
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Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
3.5.4 Application Infrastructure and Deployment
Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
3.5.5 Governance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
3.6 Examples and Illustrations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
3.6.1 Example: IBM Application Assembly Optimization
(AAO) Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
3.6.2 Example: IBM Test Factory Approach . . . . . . . . . . . 43
3.6.3 Example: A Large Financial Organization’s
Core Insurance Platform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
3.7 Observations and Commentary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
3.8 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Chapter 4: Collaborative Software Delivery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
4.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
4.2 Globally Distributed Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
4.2.1 Distributed Team Working . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
4.2.2 Organizationally Distributed Working . . . . . . . . . . . 58
4.2.3 Globally Distributed Working . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
4.3 Collaborative Delivery Environments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
4.4 Collaborative Application Life-C ycle Management . . . . . . . . 67
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4.5 Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
4.5.1 An Outsource Application Delivery Solution for
a Large Financial Services Organization . . . . . . . . . . 70
4.5.2 IBM Software Group Product Delivery . . . . . . . . . . . 75
4.6 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
Chapter 5: Agile Software Delivery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
5.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
5.2 Rethinking Enterprise Software Delivery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
5.2.1 From Software Development to
Software Delivery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
5.2.2 The Basis for Agility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
5.2.3 The Focus for Agility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
5.3 Agility at Enterprise Scale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
5.3.1 Agility in Context . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
5.3.2 Agile Scaling Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
5.3.3 Scaling Rollout of Agile Approaches . . . . . . . . . . . 102
5.4 Examples of Large-S cale Agile Adoption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
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5.4.1 Agile Supply Chain Management at ABC Bank . . . . . 110
5.4.2 Enterprise Agile Testing Services at XYZ . . . . . . . . 113
5.5 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
Chapter 6: Software Quality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
6.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
6.2 A Broader View of Software Quality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
6.2.1 End-t o-E nd Quality Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
6.2.2 Assessing the Health of Enterprise Software
Delivery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
6.2.3 The Keys to Continuous Software Quality
Assurance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
6.3 Quality across the Software Supply Chain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
6.3.1 Collaboration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
6.3.2 Automation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
6.3.3 Visibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
6.4 Software Testing Factories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
6.5 Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
6.5.1 Code Scanning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
6.5.2 Web Access and Compliance Testing . . . . . . . . . . . 135
6.6 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
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viii Contents
Chapter 7: Governance, Measurement, and Metrics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
7.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
7.2 Measuring Enterprise Software Delivery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
7.2.1 The Use of Metrics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
7.2.2 Measurement Maturity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
7.2.3 Measurement and Improvement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
7.3 Managing the Global Software Supply Chain . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
7.3.1 Governance in Outsourcing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
7.3.2 Metrics and the Software Supply Chain . . . . . . . . . 148
7.4 Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
7.4.1 Product Porfolio Management at IBM Rational . . . . 152
7.4.2 Supplier Management at a Large Bank . . . . . . . . . . 152
7.5 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
Chapter 8: A Case Study in Agile-a t- Scale Adoption at
Danske Bank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
8.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
8.2 Motivation for Change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
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8.3 The Focus on Adopting an Agile Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
8.4 The Danske Bank Agile Delivery Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
8.5 Implementing an Agile Delivery Process Workbench . . . . . . 163
8.6 Piloting the Danske Bank Agile Delivery Process . . . . . . . . . 165
8.7 Measuring Success . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
8.8 Rollout Principles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168
8.9 Lessons Learned . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170
8.10 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
Chapter 9: A Case Study in Global Software Product Delivery
at IBM Rational . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
9.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174
9.2 Status and Motivation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
9.3 Goals and Objectives for Software Delivery in Rational . . . . 176
9.4 Introducing Agile Delivery at Rational . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
9.4.1 Development Practices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
9.4.2 Development Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180
9.4.3 Team Organization and Responsibilities . . . . . . . . . 181
9.4.4 Planning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
9.4.5 Build and Build Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184
9.4.6 Retrospectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188
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9.4.7 Transparency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188
9.4.8 End Game Tracking and Stability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190
9.4.9 Ongoing Management and Decision Making . . . . . 191
9.5 Results and Observations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193
9.6 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
Chapter 10: L essons for Success in Global Enterprise
Software Delivery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
10.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198
10.2 Revisiting the Enterprise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198
10.2.1 Organizations Managing Front- and
Back- Office Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199
10.2.2 Organizations Where Software Is the
Business . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200
10.2.3 Organizations Where Software Is the
Product . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201
10.2.4 Organizations Where Software Delivery Is
the Product . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202
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10.2.5 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204
10.3 Risks and Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204
10.3.1 Applicability to SMEs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204
10.3.2 The Impact of Process Maturity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206
10.3.3 Software Is Not Manufactured; It Is Crafted
and Evolved . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209
10.3.4 Supply Chain Weaknesses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
10.3.5 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213
10.4 Lessons from Other Domains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213
10.4.1 Evolutionary Acquisition and TLCM . . . . . . . . . . 214
10.4.2 Supply Chain Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215
10.4.3 Lean Manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218
10.5 Examples and Illustrations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220
10.5.1 US State Government Outsourcing . . . . . . . . . . . . 221
10.5.2 Nokia Product Development and Delivery . . . . . . 222
10.5.3 FAA Large Project Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223
10.6 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225
Chapter 11: The Future of Global Enterprise Software Delivery . . . . . . . 227
11.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228
11.2 The Beginning of the End, or the End of the Beginning? . . . . 229
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