Engineering Applications of Social Welfare Functions: Generic Framework of Dynamic Resource Allocation

101 Pages·2022·3.123 MB·English

by  Francisco Munoz, Ashutosh Nayak, Seokcheon Lee

Automation, Collaboration,
& E-Services
Francisco Munoz
Ashutosh Nayak
Seokcheon Lee
Engineering
Applications
of Social Welfare
Functions
Generic Framework of Dynamic
Resource Allocation
Automation, Collaboration, & E-Services
Volume 13
Series Editor
Shimon Y. Nof, PRISM Center, Grissom Hall, Purdue University, West Lafayette,
IN, USA
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· ·
Francisco Munoz Ashutosh Nayak
Seokcheon Lee
Engineering Applications
of Social Welfare Functions
Generic Framework of Dynamic Resource
Allocation
Francisco Munoz Ashutosh Nayak
School of Civil and Industrial Engineering Data Intelligence Lab
Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Cali Samsung Research Institute Bangalore
Cali, Colombia Bangalore, India
Seokcheon Lee
School of Industrial Engineering
Purdue University
West Lafayette, IN, USA
ISSN 2193-472X ISSN 2193-4738 (electronic)
Automation, Collaboration, & E-Services
ISBN 978-3-031-20544-6 ISBN 978-3-031-20545-3 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-20545-3
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Preface
This book introduces a unified framework for (dynamic) resource allocation prob-
lems prevalent in various engineering applications. Resource allocation decisions
are usually made locally based on certain attributes of decision alternatives at hand.
Such distributed decisions, however, often lead to systemwide performance defi-
ciency and instability problems. On the other hand, if we can make “socialized”
decisions by measuring the impact of local decisions on the broader society of
the system, it can potentially lead to globally coordinated behavior. Social welfare
functions can embody the socialized decisions, which are originally used to quan-
tify income welfare, jointly considering average and inequality to arrive at better
measures of welfare than average alone. They are individualistic (only depends on
individual incomes), symmetric (not affected if two individuals switch incomes),
Paretian (increasing in individual income levels), and inequality-averse (decreasing
in inequality).
We applied social welfare functions in various dynamic resource allocation prob-
lems and one important observation was that “global” balance and welfare emerge
from “local” welfare-maximizing behaviors, enhancing robustness and preparedness
of the entire system for the future tasks and events. The applications include data
routing in wireless sensor networks, task allocation in multi-robot systems, group
preference modeling in intelligent shared environments, ambulance dispatching
in emergency medical services, and resource sharing in cyber-physical systems.
This book shares success stories wishing the readers to find opportunities for their
problems of interest.
West Lafayette, USA Francisco Munoz
Indiana, USA Ashutosh Nayak
Summer 2021 Seokcheon Lee
v
About This Book
Social welfare functions are used to quantify income welfare in social sciences. This
book introduces social welfare functions from economics to engineering domains, as
a unified solution framework for various dynamic resource allocation problems. This
book provides a single source introduction to key engineering applications of social
welfare functions, which will be useful for supplemental instruction materials or for
addressing challenging research questions in both academia and industry. This book
is self-contained and no prior background on social welfare or application domains
is assumed.
vii
Contents
1 Introduction to Engineering Applications of Social Welfare
Functions ....................................................... 1
1.1 Introduction ................................................ 1
1.1.1 Social Welfare Functions ............................... 1
1.1.2 Implications of Social Welfare Functions in Engineering
Applications ......................................... 3
References ...................................................... 4
2 Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks—Energy Welfare ............. 5
2.1 Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks ....................... 5
2.1.1 Centralized and Distributed Approaches for Data Routing ... 7
2.1.2 Energy-Efficiency, Energy-Balance, and Network
Lifetime ............................................. 9
2.2 The MaxEW Algorithm ...................................... 10
2.2.1 MaxEW Routing Decisions ............................. 11
2.2.2 MaxEW Algorithm in Detail ............................ 13
2.3 Performance Evaluation of the MaxEW Algorithm ............... 16
2.3.1 Lifetime Analysis ..................................... 18
2.3.2 Robustness to Event Generation Patterns ................. 19
2.3.3 Effect of the Neighbor Communication Range
in MaxEW Algorithm ................................. 21
2.4 Summary ................................................... 22
References ...................................................... 24
3 Ambulance Dispatching—Preparedness Welfare ................... 25
3.1 Introduction to Emergency Medical Services (EMS)
and Ambulance Dispatching .................................. 25
3.2 Preparedness-Based Ambulance Dispatching Algorithm ........... 29
3.3 Improving Robustness of Composite Algorithm with Social
Welfare Functions ........................................... 36
3.4 Performance of Composite Algorithm with Social Welfare
Functions .................................................. 38
ix
x Contents
3.5 Summary ................................................... 39
References ...................................................... 41
4 Group Decision Making in Intelligent Shared
Environments—Preference Welfare ............................... 43
4.1 Introduction to Intelligent Shared Environments ................. 43
4.2 Social Welfare as an Aggregate Function ........................ 46
4.2.1 Metrics of Distance Measure on Orders .................. 47
4.2.2 Alternative Social Welfare Functions ..................... 49
4.2.3 The Masthoff’s Experiment ............................. 50
4.2.4 Incorporation of Social Influence ........................ 51
4.3 Performance of Social Welfare as Aggregate Functions ........... 51
4.4 Summary ................................................... 53
References ...................................................... 54
5 Task Allocation in Multi-robot Systems—Resource Welfare ......... 55
5.1 Introduction to Multi-robot Systems ............................ 55
5.2 Task Allocation Using a Social Welfare Function ................. 56
5.2.1 Resource Welfare ..................................... 56
5.2.2 Welfare-Based Algorithm .............................. 57
5.3 Performance of the Welfare-Based Algorithm ................... 60
5.3.1 Simulated Experiment #1 .............................. 61
5.3.2 Simulated Experiment #2 .............................. 64
5.4 Summary ................................................... 65
References ...................................................... 67
6 Resource Sharing in Cyber-Physical Systems—Utility Welfare ....... 69
6.1 Introduction to Resource Sharing-Based Framework (RSBF) ...... 69
6.1.1 Fundamentals of RSBF ................................ 70
6.1.2 Utility Functions in RSBF .............................. 71
6.1.3 Coordination Among Local Coordinators ................. 72
6.2 Application of RSBF to Flexible Job Shop Scheduling in Smart
Factories ................................................... 73
6.2.1 RSBF Framework to Solve the FJSP in Smart Factories ..... 75
6.2.2 Steps to Implement RSBF to Solve the FJSP .............. 75
6.2.3 Performance of RSBF Application to the FJSP ............ 78
6.3 Application of RSBF to Other Cyber-Physical Systems ........... 79
6.3.1 Optimal Energy Distribution Through a Smart Grid ........ 79
6.3.2 Optimal Information Routing in Resource-Constraint
Multi-Robot Systems .................................. 80
6.4 Summary ................................................... 81
References ...................................................... 83
Contents xi
7 Conclusion, Limitations, and Research Opportunities ............... 85
7.1 Conclusion and Discussion ................................... 85
7.2 Limitation and Challenges .................................... 86
7.3 Research Opportunities in Emerging Applications ................ 88
7.3.1 Production Scheduling ................................. 88
7.3.2 Foodbank Operation Guidance .......................... 89
7.3.3 Multi-Robot Navigation ................................ 90
References ...................................................... 92
Index .............................................................. 93