Energy-efficient building design in Southeast Europe

124 Pages·2019·4.844 MB·English

by  Vladimir Jovanović

Vladimir Jovanović
Energy-efficient
building design in
Southeast Europe
Energy-efficient building design in Southeast
Europe
ć
Vladimir Jovanovi
Energy-efficient building
design in Southeast Europe
VladimirJovanović
Heidelberg,Germany
ISBN978-3-658-24164-3 ISBN978-3-658-24165-0 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-24165-0
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Preface
The aim of this book is to outline the principles of energy-efficient building design for
Southeast Europe, as exemplified by housing in Serbia. This will involve considering
the lessons learnt from traditional architecture, refurbishing issues associated with
existing building stock, and the use of modeling tools to assess the performance of
newdesigns.Theintentionistodevelopaframeworkforreachingapositiveenergybalancein
futurebuildingsinSoutheastEurope.
Theaudiencetowhomthisbookisaimedincludesarchitects,urbanplanners,engineers,
and other professionals in the building industry who are dealing with energy-efficient
buildings. Other persons who would benefit from it are students of architecture,
building sciences, and sustainability; investors interested in building developments in
Southeast Europe, in particular in Serbia, along with scholars and individuals dealing
withbuiltenvironmentissues.
Theprinciplesfor energy-efficientdesigninSoutheastEuropewillbedelivered inthe
form of conceptual design patterns that can be used as a starting point for designing a
building. These will be backed up with scientific methodologies and data, which will be
relatively easy to apply to any other region, especially to the rest of Southeast Europe.
The results will be delivered in the form of graphs, diagrams, and appropriate tables
outliningthefindingsfromtheuseoftheemployedsimulationtools.
The case studies were done during the period 2011–2015 for the example of Serbia.
Serbia’s location in the heart of Southeast Europe, covering geographical regions that
spreadfarbeyondthecountry’sborders,givesitauniquestatusasavaluablecasestudyfor
thewholeregion.
Thebuildingsectorisamajoruserofenergy,ofteninveryinefficientways.Therefore,
integratingenergyefficiencyintheearly-designphaseofabuilding,beitanewstructureor
retrofitting,isessentialinordertoreducetheseriousenvironmentalimpactofbuildings,the
supportoflong-termsustainabledevelopment,andultimatelytocreateabetterfutureforus
andcominggenerations.
v
vi Preface
This book is a result of research on energy-efficient architectural design, undertaken
during the author’s PhD studies at the Vienna University of Technology, and has been
developedfromtheresultingdoctoraldissertation.
Iwishtothankmyfamily,Ana,Miodrag,Slađana,andMilena,fortheirsupportduring
the course of my studies, and in the production of this book. I thank the Alfred Toepfer
Stiftung F.V.S., Hamburg, for their support. I also thank my colleagues and friends, and
especially my mentors for their contributions and guidance. In particular, thanks to
ProfessorsKarinStieldorf,ManfredBerthold,andKlausKrečoftheViennaUniversityof
TechnologyandProfessorMilicaJovanovićPopovićoftheUniversityofBelgrade.
Heidelberg,Germany VladimirJovanović
Contents
1 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.1 TheAimsandOutlineofThisBook. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2 TheEnergy-EfficientEconomy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.3 Energy-EfficientBuildingsintheEU. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.4 TheRepublicofSerbia:AnIntroduction. .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . 6
1.4.1 GeographyandClimate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
1.4.2 EnergyandHousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1.5 EnergyPolicyinSerbia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2 TraditionalHomes. . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . 15
2.1 BalkanSettlements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
2.2 OldTowns. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
2.2.1 TraditionalBalkanHousesinTownships. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
2.2.2 SymmetricalTypeofHousesinTowns. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
2.2.3 AsymmetricalTypeofHousesinTowns. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
2.3 RuralSettlements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
2.3.1 FromPrimitiveHousingtoFolkArchitecture. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
2.3.2 LogCabinsinŠumadija,theDrinaValley,andStariVlah. . . . . 22
2.3.3 TransformingtheLogCabintoSemi-wattleandDaubHouses. . . . 25
2.3.4 Half-Timbered“MoravaHouse”intheMoravaValley. . . . . . . . 26
2.3.5 RammedEarthHousesinVojvodina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
2.4 Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
3 RefurbishingExistingBuildingStock. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
3.1 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
3.2 EvaluationCriteria. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
3.3 SimulationSoftwareTools. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . 34
3.4 ExistingBuildingStockandEnergySources. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
3.4.1 HousingStock. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
vii
viii Contents
3.4.2 SourcesofEnergyandGHG. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
3.5 CaseStudiesandRefurbishmentScenarios. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
3.5.1 CaseStudy1:HistoricalBuildingRenovation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
3.5.2 CaseStudy2:RefurbishmentofMultistoryHousing. . . . . . . . . 44
3.5.3 CaseStudy3:SocioeconomicInfluencesonRefurbishment. . . . 48
3.5.4 CaseStudy4:RefurbishmentAccordingtoEnergyPolicies. . . . 54
3.5.5 CaseStudy5:DesignPatternsforHouseRefurbishment. . . . . . . 58
3.5.6 CaseStudy6:ReplacingaHeatingSystem. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
3.6 Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
4 FutureHousingDesigns. . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . .. . 71
4.1 PursuingFutureDesigns. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
4.2 FactorsSurroundingtheAssessmentofFutureHousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
4.3 CaseStudy7:EnergyPerformanceofVariousHouseTypes. . . . . . . . . 73
4.4 CaseStudy8:ComparisonofFourTypesofResidentialBuildings. . . . . 80
4.5 CaseStudy9:NewDesignPatternsforProspectiveHousing
inDifferentRegionsofSerbia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
4.6 CaseStudy10:RenewableEnergySources:SolarEnergyPotential. . . . 103
4.7 Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
5 Conclusions:Energy-EfficientBuildingsinSoutheastEurope. . . . . . . . . . 109
5.1 TheDesignofMoreEnergy-EfficientHomes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
5.2 TraditionalArchitecture. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
5.3 RefurbishmentofExistingBuildings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
5.4 DesignsforFutureHouses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
5.5 TheNextSteps?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
5.6 FinalWord:TheHomeoftheFuture. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
List of Abbreviations and Acronyms
A/V Areatovolumeratio
AMSL Heightabovemeansealevel
AT Austria
BIPV Building-integratedphotovoltaics
BPIE BuildingPerformanceInstituteEurope
C Celsius
c Thermalcapacity
CHP Combinedheatandpower
CO2 Carbondioxide
COP Coefficientofperformanceforheatpumps
d Thickness
DE Germany
DH Districtheating
DHW Domestichotwater
EC EuropeanCommission
EPBD EnergyPerformanceofBuildingsDirective
EPS Extrudedpolystyreneinsulation
ERV Energyrecoveryventilation
Etics Externalthermalinsulationcompositesystems
EU EuropeanUnion
EUR Euro,theofficialcurrencyoftheeurozone
EW Euro-Waebedsimulationsoftware
GHG Greenhousegas
HDD Heatingdegreedays
i Investigation/Casestudy
i1R1 Investigation/casestudy1,refurbishmentscenario1
K Kelvin
kg Kilogram
kWh Kilowatthour
ix
x ListofAbbreviationsandAcronyms
kWh/m2a Kilowatthourpersquaremeterannually
LE Low-energystandard
NEEAP NationalEnergyEfficiencyActionPlan
NV Nightventilation
NZEB Nearlyzero-energybuilding
PH Passivehouse,Passivhaus
PHI PassivhausInstitut
R Refurbishment
RES Renewableenergysources
RS Serbia
RSD SerbianDinar,theofficialcurrencyoftheRepublicofSerbia
S South
SEE SoutheastEurope
t Ton
UN UnitedNations
U-value Overallheattransfercoefficient
η Energyconversionefficiency
λ Lambdavalue,thermalconductivity