Table Of ContentEndothel ial
Cell Dysfunctions
Endothelial
Cell
Dysfunctions
Edited by
Nicolae Simionescu
and
Maya Simionescu
Institute 0/ Cellular Biology and Pathology
Bucharest, Romania
Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Endothelial cell dysfunctions I edited by Nicolae Si.ionescu and Maya
Si.ionescu.
p. c •.
Inc 1u des bi b 1 i ograph i ca 1 references and , ndex.
1. Vascular endotheliu.--Pathophysiology. 2. Endothelium
-Pathophysiology. I. Si.ionescu. N. (Nicolae) 11. Simionescu.
Maya.
[DNLM, 1. Endothelium--physiopathology. OS 532.5.E7 E5S34J
RCS91.4.E53 1991
S1S.1--dc20
DNLM/DLC
for Library of Congress 91-37285
CIP
ISBN 978-1-4899-0723-3 ISBN 978-1-4899-0721-9 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-4899-0721-9
© Springer Science+Business Media New York 1992
Originally published by Plenum Press, New York in 1992.
Softcover reprint ofthe hardcover 1st edition 1992
All rights reserved
No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted
in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming,
recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher
Contributors
1. s. Alexander • Departrnent of Biornedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nash
ville, Tennessee 37235
AU Andalibi • Departrnent of Microbiology, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles,
California 90024-1679
Robert Auerbach • Center for Developrnental Biology, University of Wisconsin, Madison,
Wisconsin 53706
Robert S. Bar • Diabetes and Endocrinology Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa
City, Iowa 52246
Craig T. Basson • Departrnent of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New
Haven, Connecticut 06510
Leonard Bell • Departrnent of Internal Medicine-Cardiology, Yale University School of
Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510
Paula N. Belloni • Departrnent ofTurnor Biology, The University ofTexas M. D. Anderson
Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
Judith A. Berliner· Departrnent of Pathology, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles,
California 90024-1732
Maria Luisa Brandi • Departrnent of Physiopathology, University of Florence Medical
School, Florence 50139, Italy
Jane M. Brinker • Connective Tissue Research Institute and Departrnent of Medicine,
University of Pennsylvania, and University City Science Center, Philadelphia, Pennsyl
vania 19104
L. Maximilian Buja • Departrnent of Pathology, University of Texas Medical School, and
Cardiology Research, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, Texas 77225-0345
1. P. Caen • Institut des Vaisseaux et du Sang, Höpital Lariboisiere, 75010 Paris, France
M. Clauss • Rover Research Laboratory, Departrnent ofPhysiology and Cellular Biophys
ics, College ofPhysicians and Surgeons, Colurnbia University, New York, New York 10032
Ramzi S. Cotran • Departrnent of Pathology, Brigharn and Wornen 's Hospital, and Harvard
Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
Gregory Richard Criscuolo • Division of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medi
eine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510
v
vi CONTRIBUTORS
H. F. Cuenoud • Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School,
Worcester, Massachusetts 01655
Myron I. Cybulsky • Vascular Research Division, Department of Pathology, Brigham and
Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
Elisabetta Dejana • Mario Negri Institute, 20157 Milan, Italy
G. V. Doern • Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School,
Worcester, Massachusetts 01655
Marwan E. EI-Sabban • Cancer Biology Laboratories, Department of Pathology, College
of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
Andrea Fattorossi • Immunology Unit, Medical Department, DASRS, Rome, Italy
A. P. Fishman • Cardiovascular-Pulmonary Division, Department of Medicine, Univer
sity of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
Alan M. Fogelman • Department of Medicine, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles,
California 90024-1679
loy S. Frank • Departments of Medicine and Physiology, UCLA School of Medicine, Los
Angeles, California 90024-1679
H. Gerlach • Rover Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Cellular Bio
physics, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
10032
Michael A. Gimbrone, lr • Vascular Research Division, Department of Pathology,
Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
02115
Paolo Golino • Division ofCardiology, University ofNaples 11 School ofMedicine, Naples
80131, Italy
lohn Gordon • British Bio-technology Limited, Cowley, Oxford OX4 5LY, United Kingdom
lohn M. Harlan • Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washing
ton 98195
F. R. Haselton • Department ofBiomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville,
Tennessee 37235
Dorian 0. Haskard • Department of Medicine (Rheumatology), RPMS, Hammersmith
Hospital, London W12 ONN, United Kingdom
Fumitada Hazama • Department ofPathology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta,
Otsu 520-21, Japan
Ada J Huang • Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia
University, New York, New York 10032
Susan Imes • Department of Medicine, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, Cali
fornia 90024-1679
CONTRIBUTORS vii
Robert C. Johnson • Cancer Biology Laboratories, Department of Pathology, College of
Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
I. Joris • Department ofPathology, University ofMassachusetts Medical School, Worces
ter, Massachusetts 01655
Nicholas A. Kefalides • Connective Tissue Research Institute and Department of Medi
eine, University of Pennsylvania, and University City Science Center, Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania 19104
Olivier Kocher • Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New
Haven, Connecticut 06510
Volkhard Lindner • Department ofPathology, University ofWashington, Seattle, Washing
ton 98195
Thomas F. Lüscher • Department of Research, Laboratory of Vascular Research, and
Department of Medicine, Divisions of Clinical Pharmacology and Cardiology, University
Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
Aldons J Lusis • Departments ofMedicine and Microbiology, UCLA School ofMedicine,
Los Angeles, California 90024-1679
Bernadette Lyons-Giordano • Departments ofBiochemistry and Biophysics, University of
Pennsylvania, and University City Science Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
Joseph A. Madri • Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New
Haven, Connecticut 06510
G. Majno • Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School,
Worcester, Massachusetts 01655
June R. Merwin • Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New
Haven, Connecticut 06510
William J. Mileski • Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washing
ton 98195
StevenA. Moore • Department ofPathology, University ofIowa College ofMedicine, Iowa
City, Iowa 52242
S. N. Mueller • Coriell Institute for Medical Research, Camden, New Jersey 08103
Mahamad Navab • Department of Medicine, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles,
California 90024-1679
Lindsey Needham • British Bio-technology Limited, Cowley, Oxford OX4 5LY, United
Kingdom
Garth L. Nicolson • Department of Tumor Biology, The University of Texas M. D.
Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
S.Ogawa • Rover Research Laboratory, Department ofPhysiology and Cellular Biophys
ics, College ofPhysicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032
v;;; CONTRIBUTORS
F. William Orr • Department of Pathology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8N
3Z5, Canada
William M. Pardridge • Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, and Brain
Research Institute, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90024-1682
Bendicht U. Pauli • Cancer Biology Laboratories, Department of Pathology, College of
Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
Robin Perlmutter • Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New
Haven, Connecticut 06510
Jordan S. Pober • Department ofPathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard
Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
Christian Prinz • Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New
Haven, Connecticut 06510
Tripathi B. Rajavashisth • Division of Medical Genetics, Harbor UCLA Medical Center,
Torrance, California 90502-2064
Michael A. Reidy • Department ofPathology, University ofWashington, Seattle, Washing
ton 98195
Charles L. Rice • Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
98195
Russell Ross • Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
98195
Masakiyo Sasahara • Department of Pathology, Shiga University of Medical Science,
Seta, Otsu 520-21, Japan
Samuel C. Silverstein • Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, College of
Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032
Maya Simionescu • Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology, Bucharest 79691, Ro
mania
Nicolae Simionescu • Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology, Bucharest 79691,
Romania
Arthur A. Spector • Department ofBiochemistry, University oflowa College ofMedicine,
Iowa City, Iowa 52242
D. M. Stern • Rover Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Cellular Bio
physics, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
10032
Mary C. Te"ito • Department of Medicine, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles,
California 90024-1679
J. M. Underwood • Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical
School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655
CONTRIBUTORS ix
Paul M. Vanhoutte • Center for Experimental Therapeutics, Baylor College of Medicine,
Houston, Texas 77030
NicholasB. Vedder • DepartmentofSurgery, UniversityofWashington, Seattle, Washing
ton 98195
D. Vilette • Institut des Vaisseaux et du Sang, Höpital Lariboisiere, 75010 Paris, France
1. L. Wautier • Institut des Vaisseaux et du Sang, Höpital Lariboisiere, 75010 Paris, France
Leonard Weiss • Department of Experimental Pathology, Roswell Park Memorial Insti
tute, Buffalo, New York 14263
James T. Willerson • Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical
School, and Cardiology Research, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, Texas 77225-0345
Stuart K. Williams • Department of Surgery, University of Arizona Health Sciences
Center, Tucson, Arizona 85724
Robert K. Winn • Departments of Surgery and Physiology-Biophysics, University of
Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
Preface
It has taken biomedical research some four decades to reveal that vascular endothelium is
one of the master systems of the body. We have witnessed the gradual discovery of its key
roles in blood-tissue exchanges, in providing a compatible container for the blood ceIls, and
in the active monitoring of homeostasis. That was a cumulative result of elegant observa
tions by a number of investigators embarked on a search for understanding of a cellular
system that is not only enormously complex but also central to life.
Technological advances in cellular and molecular biology have made it possible to
explore in more depth the intimate mechanisms of endothelial functions not only in normal
but, more recently, also in abnormal conditions. Thus, it has been firmly established that in
pathological circumstances, endothelial cells are not only a target for various injuries, but
also a source for response modifiers that enable the cells to adapt to and compensate for the
effects of abnormal stimuli. Upon its interactions with injurious agents, endothelium can
undergo functional and structural modulations which may either secure its recovery or
cause it to evolve into a dysfunctional state. Along this line of responses, endothelial cells
may suffe r significant changes in their constitutive properties or may acquire new induced
functions.
Conclusive evidence supports an active role for endothelium in the initiation, evolu
tion, and outcome of several notorious diseases and conditions including inftammation,
immune reactions, atherosclerosis, thrombosis, diabetes, viral infection, bleeding dis
orders, neoplasia and metastasis, and others. One should, however, admit that in several
instances at present we are just handling an impressive mass of mostly descriptive data with
rather little understanding, as yet, of the basic mechanism of endothelial participation in the
pathogenesis of these disturbances. Although perhaps suggestive, atemporal association of
some events does not prove a causal relationship. This leaves open a very exciting field of
research ahead of uS.
This book is a collection of selected authoritative accounts of endothelial cell
dysfunction and injury detected in a number of major abnormalities. The research-oriented
chapters are authored by some of those who have contributed more measurably to our
present knowledge of endothelial cell biopathology.
The inventory of agents promoting endothelial dysfunction is incomplete, and the
mechanisms by which they act are often still obscure. Thus, the elucidation of endothelial
biochetnical and reactive heterogeneity is largely needed, especially the identification of
organ-specific cell surface antigens. This can be crucial not only for understanding the
vascular involvement and manifestation in various diseases, but also for designing drugs
that can specifically interact with the endothelial organotypic detertninants. This may open
new avenues for controlled drug delivery bearing on the endothelial cell molecular makeup
xi
