Table Of ContentE
NCYCLOPEDIA OF
ADOLESCENCE
Volume 1
Normative Processes in Development
E
NCYCLOPEDIA OF
ADOLESCENCE
EDITORS-IN-CHIEF
B. BRADFORD BROWN
University of Wisconsin-Madison
Madison, WI
USA
MITCHELL J. PRINSTEIN
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Chapel Hill, NC
USA
VOLUME 1
NORMATIVE PROCESSES IN DEVELOPMENT
AcademicPressisanimprintofElsevier
32JamestownRoad,LondonNW17BY,UK
225WymanStreet,Waltham,MA02451,USA
525BStreet,Suite1900,SanDiego,CA92101-4495,USA
Copyright©2011ElsevierInc.Allrightsreserved
Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystemortransmittedinanyformorbyanymeanselectronic,
mechanical,photocopying,recordingorotherwisewithoutthepriorwrittenpermissionofthepublisher
PermissionsmaybesoughtdirectlyfromElsevier’sScience&TechnologyRightsDepartmentinOxford,UK:phone(þ44)(0)1865843830;
fax(þ44)(0)1865853333;email:permissions@elsevier.com.AlternativelyyoucansubmityourrequestonlinebyvisitingtheElsevierweb
siteathttp://elsevier.com/locate/permissions,andselectingObtainingpermissiontouseElseviermaterial
Notice
Noresponsibilityisassumedbythepublisherforanyinjuryand/ordamagetopersonsorpropertyasamatterofproductsliability,
negligenceorotherwise,orfromanyuseoroperationofanymethods,products,instructionsorideascontainedinthematerialherein,
Becauseofrapidadvancesinthemedicalsciences,inparticular,independentverificationofdiagnosesanddrugdosagesshouldbemade
BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationData
AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary
LibraryofCongressCatalogNumber:2011924972
ISBN(print):978-0-12-373915-5
ForinformationonallElsevierpublications
visitourwebsiteatbooks.elsevier.com
PrintedandboundinItaly
11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Editorial:SeraRelton,JasonMitchell,JoanneCollett
Production:MikeNicholls
EDITOR BIOGRAPHIES
DrB.BradfordBrownisProfessorofHumanDevelopmentandformerChairoftheDepartment
of Educational Psychology at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. He received an A.B. in
sociologyfromPrincetonUniversityandaPhDinhumandevelopmentfromtheUniversityof
ChicagobeforejoiningthefacultyoftheUniversityofWisconsinin1979.DrBrown’sresearchhas
focusedonadolescentpeerrelations.Heisespeciallywellknownforhisworkonteenagepeer
groupsandpeerpressureandtheirinfluenceonschoolachievement,socialinteractionpatterns,
andsocialadjustment.HeistheformerEditoroftheJournalofResearchonAdolescenceandapast
member of the Executive Council of the Society for Research on Adolescence. He also chaired
(2006–08) the SRA Study Group on Parental Involvement in Adolescent Peer Relations. He is
the co-editor or co-author of 5 books, including The Development of Romantic Relationships in
Adolescence(withWyndolFurmanandCandiceFeiring),TheWorld’sYouth:Adolescencein8Regions
oftheGlobe(withReedLarsonandT.S.Saraswathi),andLinkingParentsandFamilytoAdolescentPeer
Relations: Ethnic and Cultural Considerations (with Nina Mounts). Dr Brown has served as a
consultant for numerous groups, including the Carnegie Council on Adolescent Development,
theNationalCampaigntoPreventTeenPregnancy,theNationalAcademyofSciencesBoardon
ScienceEducationaswellastheBoardonChildren,YouthandFamilies,andtheBlueRibbons
SchoolsprogramoftheU.S.DepartmentofEducation.
MitchellJ.Prinstein,PhDisaBowmanandGordonGrayDistinguishedTermProfessorandthe
DirectorofClinicalPsychologyattheUniversityofNorthCarolinaatChapelHill.Hereceived
hisPhDinclinicalpsychologyfromtheUniversityofMiamiandcompletedhisinternshipand
postdoctoral fellowship at the Brown University Clinical Psychology Training Consortium.
ProfessorPrinstein’sresearchexaminesinterpersonalmodelsofinternalizingsymptomsandhealth
riskbehaviorsamongadolescents,withaspecificfocusontheuniqueroleofpeerrelationships
inthedevelopmentalpsychopathologyofdepressionandself-injury.HeisthePIonseveralpast
andactivegrantsfromtheNationalInstituteofMentalHealth,theNationalInstituteofChildand
HumanDevelopment,andseveralprivatefoundations.HehasservedasanAssociateEditorforthe
JournalofConsultingandClinicalPsychology,aneditorialboardmemberforseveraldevelopmental
psychopathologyjournals,andamemberoftheNIHStudySectiononPsychosocialDevelopment,
Risk,andPrevention.ProfessorPrinsteinhasreceivedseveralnationalanduniversity-basedawards
recognizinghiscontributionstoresearch(AmericanPsychologicalAssociationSocietyofClinical
PsychologyTheodoreBlauEarlyCareerAward,ColumbiaUniversity/BrickellAwardforresearchon
suicidality,APAFellowoftheSocietyofClinicalChildandAdolescentPsychology),teaching(UNC
ChapelHillTannerAwardforUndergraduateTeaching),andprofessionaldevelopmentofgraduate
students(AmericanPsychologicalAssociationofGraduateStudentsRaymondD.FowlerAward).
v
EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD
MaraBrendgen FeltonEarls
DepartmentofPsychology HarvardMedicalSchool
UniversityofQuebecatMontreal DepartmentofSocialMedicine
305rueChristin 2ArrowStreet,9thFloor
Montreal,QC,Canada ProjectCHASE
H2X1M5 Cambridge,MA02138
JeanneBrooks-Gunn
DanielKeating
Teacher’sCollege
UniversityofMichigan
ColumbiaUniversity
TheCenterforHumanGrowthandDevelopment
Box39
300NorthIngalls,10thFloor
525West120thStreet
AnnArbor
NewYork
MI48109-0406
NY10027
MarlisBuchmann Jari-ErikNurmi
DepartmentofSociology DepartmentofPsychology
UniversityofZurich UniversityofJyva¨skyla¨
Andreasstrasse15 P.O.Box35
Zurich,8050 FI-40014Jyva¨skyla¨
Switzerland Finland
LaurieChassin
RainerSilbereisen
ArizonaStateUniversity
UniversityofJena
PsychologyDepartment,Box871104
DepartmentofDevelopmentalPsychology
Tempe,AZ85287-1104
AmSteiger3,Haus1
W.AndrewCollins D-07743Jena
InstituteofChildDevelopment Germany
UniversityofMinnesota
104AChildDevelopment AliceSchlegel
51EastRiverRoad TheUniversityofArizona
Minneapolis 1009E.SouthCampusDrive
MN55455 Tucson,AZ85721-0030
vii
CONTRIBUTORS
BAmani BBogin
UniversityofCalifornia,LosAngeles,CA,USA LoughboroughUniversity,Loughborough,Leicestershire,
UK
SEAAnderson
TuftsUniversity,Medford,MA,USA MJBoyd
TuftsUniversity,Medford,MA,USA
KMAntshel
SUNY–UpstateMedicalUniversity,Syracuse,NY,USA RHBradley
ArizonaStateUniversity,Tempe,AZ,USA
EApplegate
UniversityofCalifornia,LosAngeles,CA,USA MBraun
UniversityofWisconsin-Madison,Madison,WI,USA
SArel
UniversityofMichigan,AnnArbor,MI,USA DABrent
WesternPsychiatricInstituteandClinic,Pittsburgh,
EMArnold PA,USA
WakeForestUniversitySchoolofMedicine,Winston-
Salem,NC,USA ECBriggs
DukeUniversityMedicalCenter,Durham,NC,USA
SRAsher
DukeUniversity,Durham,NC,USA BBBrown
UniversityofWisconsin-Madison,Madison,WI,USA
SBAvny
VirginiaCommonwealthUniversity,Richmond,VA,USA JDBrown
UniversityofNorthCarolinaatChapelHill,ChapelHill,
RABarkley NC,USA
MedicalUniversityofSouthCarolina,Charleston,
SC,USA RCBrown
VirginiaCommonwealthUniversity,Richmond,VA,USA
SMBascoe
UniversityofRochester,Rochester,NY,USA RTBrown
WayneStateUniversity,Detroit,MI,USA
CBeam
UniversityofVirginia,Charlottesville,VA,USA MCBuchmann
UniversityofZurich,Zurich,Switzerland
RSBeidas
TempleUniversity,Philadelphia,PA,USA SBurg
ColumbiaUniversity,NewYork,NY,USA
VWBerninger
UniversityofWashington,Seattle,WA,USA JPByrnes
TempleUniversity,Philadelphia,PA,USA
LSBlackwell
UniversityofMiami,CoralGables,FL,USA LLCaldwell
PennStateUniversity,UniversityPark,PA,USA
PSBobkowski
UniversityofNorthCarolinaatChapelHill,ChapelHill, CMCallahan
NC,USA UniversityofVirginia,Charlottesville,VA,USA
ix
Description:The period of adolescence involves growth, adaptation, and dramatic reorganization in almost every aspect of social and psychological development. The Encyclopedia of Adolescence offers an exhaustive and comprehensive review of current theory and research findings pertaining to this critical decade
