Empire, Global Coloniality and African Subjectivity

243 Pages·2013·2.6 MB·English

by  Sabelo J. Ndlovu-Gatsheni

EMPIREG,L OBALC OLONIALITAYN D
AFRICANS UBJECTIVITY
SabeJlN.od lovu-Gatsheni
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berghahn
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© 201S3a beJlN.od lovu-Gatsheni
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fotrh peu rpoosfce rsi tiacnirdse mv ineowp ,a rotft hbioso k
mayb er eprodiunac nefydo romrb ya nmye anesl,e ctorro nic
mechaniinccallu,pd hiontgo corpeycionrgod,ri a nngiy, no frmation
storaangdree triseyvsatnleo mwk nowonrt ob ei nvented,
without pwerrimtitsoesftni h openu blisher.
LibroafrC yo ngrCeastsa loging-in-DPautbal ication
Ndlovu-GaStasbheelnoi ,J .
Empigrleo,b al coalnodAn firailsciuaetbncyj t iIvS iatbyeJ l.o
Ndlovu-Gatsheni.
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1G.l obailoinz-ai-ttPiocl·a l as Africa--aPnodl itics
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BritLiisbhr Caartya logiunPi unbgl icaDtaitoan
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Contents
Preface
PART1 :G LOBAILM PERIDAELS IGANNSD E MPIRE
1. EmpiarnedG lobCaoll oanliiTtoywa:r daDs e coloTnurina l
2.G lobal Imperanida Pla nD-eiAscfiargnniss m
3 ColonioafPl oiwteayrn Adf riDceavne lopment
PART2 :S UBCJTES,U BJECTANDI ONS UBJECTIVITY
4.T heTci klSiusbehjc int A frica
5.S ubejctiaonnSdu bejctiinv SiotuyAt fhr ica
6.N ationoafl iPtoinyw Z eirm babwe
PART3 :C OLONITAYLK,IN OWLEDGE NAANTDI ONALISM
7. ColonioafKl niotwyl eadngHdei ghEedru cation
8.T he AfNraitciaonPn rjaoelac ntNd a tioQnuaels tion
PART4 :C ONCLUSION
9.G lobCarli asnidAs f riTcodaa y
References
Index

Preface
Humaniitsty o dfaayc iasn tga rk orfe maaol dietryna intdcy i vili
thaitsp roviinnpgca abolfes olvtihnpegr oblietcm rse aMtoedd .
hacsr eamtoedde prrno blfeomwrsh icihht a nso m odesmo lutior
cob2a0r0 243:0 I)it.s a m odernitthyai ts historicatl<l y traceable
Westeprrno ceassst ehseR enaissRaenfcoer,m aEtniloing,h ter
FrenRcehv oluatnidIo nnd usRtervioallu mtaikoinin,tgo n tolo�
Western-cBeunrtte raidc .f Wreosmt epare nr stpievtceh,im so d
iss ociolocgriecdaiwltiletytdh h cer eatoifmo ond eirnnis ttution
ast hnea tion-sbtaastfieec a atnusdru ecashss e-lrfeflexais\v ity
thdei sembeodfds ioncglii afflre o lmo ccaoln t(eGxitd d1e9n9.s0 )
modernitthyai tsc ultucrraeldlwiyit tethdh seu bstiotffu otlli ko n
edgee xbpye arntdt echno-skcnioewnlteidfigce (1H9a7b3e,r mas
Iitsa m oderntihtaiytsp hliosophcieclaelblrfyao crtr eeda ttirn g
tessiuajbne acstt hfeou ntaoifan lk ln owleadbgoeu tw otrhled .
Ia mh erree fertroEi unrgo -Amemroidcearnnt ihtaoytn cper e
humanai tyb rmaovdee rwno rlidnw hicrha tionaanldti etcyh :
entitfhiocu wgohut lbdea bleo vteor caolmtleh oeb stasctlaensc
thwea yo fh umapnr ogrTehsipssr. o miwsaeso nlfyu lfiltola e d
extenpta,r tilcyiu fol naeir nterrotghcaeut rerdse tnatot fte h ne
worlodr dferro tmh pee rsipveoecf t coldoinfifaealr nefdnr coe.m
Afriicsaan episstiwethmeei rcpe o vehratnsyo yte bte emna d1"e
wherceur abdlies eassteidsle lc imhautmea lni vwehse;ri en eq1
arset irliflwe h;e rteh lee gaocfiW eess terranc iasnmdt hdea rk
moderniatrsyet fielollnt a d aiblays Tihsi.rs e aloifatm yo dernit�
civitliiotznha awta si ncapoafsb ollev miondge prrno blweamss
identliofineagdg b oy A ime CeHseaw irroett.he a t:
A civilitzhaapttri oovnie nsc apoafbs loel vtihnpegr oblieetmr se
isad ecadceinvti liAz caitviiolnit.z haacthtio oonts oec sl oisteesy E
itmso sctr ucpiraolb liesa:m sst ricckievni liAz caitvizioalnti.i on
useistp sr incfoirpt lreisc akneddre yc iesaid ty icnigv iliTzhaet ion.
ist hatths eo -caElulreodp ceviainl iz-a'tWieosnt ceirvni'l ization
ihta bse esnh apbeydt woc entuorfbi oeusr greuoliiessi, n capab:
solvtihntegw om ajor prtoowb hliecmihst s exhiasst engrciivese en:
thper obloeftm h per oletaanrdt ihcaeot nl ioaplro bltehmaE;tu roipse
unabtloje u stiitfseyei ltfbh eefrot rhbeea orf' reaosrbo enf'ot rhbeea orf
'cnosccie,ea' nndt hat, in,ci rttea akrseeisfn ugiglnaeyh ypocrisy which
is tahlmelo roed iobuesc aiuitssl ee asnsd l elssi kteodl eyc eEiuvreo.p e
isi nfedenbslieW haitss eriiostu hsa 'tE uroipsme o'rl ayls,p iritually
...
indefenAsnidtb oldea.y the iisbn rdoiucagtghmtae inintnts o tbt y t he
European mabsusoten s aa lwsoocnraebll,yde ,t aenntdse nosfm illions
ofm en[ anwdo mewnh]o f,r otmh dee potfsh l av,se erttyh emseulpav se s
judg(eCse.s 1a9i7r22e3e: ,m phasiints h oeir si ginal)
Cesawiarswe r itdiunrgi tnhghe e ydoafyd irecconltio aliDsumr.i ng
thitsi mceo loniwaalsmi asnmei tsfinigtD sN Ao fv iolernecper,e ssion
ande xploitTaodtaiyto hne. proibsnl oectmo lonibaulctio slmo nial­
it,wy hicehm ergferqoc mo loniaanldhi asasms sumgeldo bal propor­
tiotnots h eext enotfb eibnegs utn dersatsgo loodb caodlln ailiTthyi.s
globcaolli oanliisat l ye itmooftt hief curerxeinsttelimynp git rhea,t
oft hUen itSetda toefAs m eri(cUa. S.TAh.ep) r.e scernitos fim sod er­
nitwya sp redibcyts eudct hh eoraisKs atrsMl a rxV,l adimir Lenin,
SamAimri ann dm anoyt heTrodsa.ye vetnh oAsfer itchaeno rliiesk ts
AchiMlbleem b(e2 01324aw):h, o h abse esne vercerliyto ifnc aatli onal­
ist-inspiretdh awdtei rsceco onusrisseotspe pnotslteyoed m piarned
globcaoll on,iw ahloii ntsytfeaavdo ucrleoidsn et egroafAt firoiincn at o
thgel obcaolm muntihtahyte c onsidteobr eeo dp enc otsom opolitan­
ismp,r esentthbieen sgt gfluotbutarhleaA tf rimcuasn to rte s;ei vsetn
hei sn owr ailaignagi tnhsceta pitsaylsitsaetnmd p resmeondte r.n ity
He recently wprioeatcbeeo 'uaatp lsahnoerrttea croyr odfis nigt ua­
tioonfms i se,dr eybatn de nforicdelde .nH eese sl'abortahtatetod d ay
capitailsmi osvmi nignt wod iercotnist,h fier sitst owaridnsc reas­
inegx ploiotfla atripgoaenr otfts h weo rltdh routghohel sdt ratoefg y
primitive acacnudtm husele actoitnoodnw a r'dssq ueeozfef voegr y
ladsrto opfv alouueot ft hpel an.Ae ttt h'cee ntorfte h iitssh ree aloift y
a' labtohuharat c se asteobd et hger ewaetl lsporfwi enagl( tMhb'e mbe
20123a4:) . iTsph oisbssl ibee cacuasep itparloidsutcc toiuoblnedi n­
creausseidsn ogp histmiaccahtienaden rdty e chnoltohgaditoen so t
neeidn creaqsuianngto iftl iaebso( uMrb em2b0e1 23a4T:)h .ep res­ent
daye conomies liok'pese preactuebl uabtbiolvfeaes fi nanicned ustry
constantlyt hraeer fitonsfmi ankgi mnogn ebyyb uyianngds elling
nothbiunvtga riouso fmf oonrem(ysM' b em2b0e1 23a4):.
Ther esuolfa tl tlh ihsa bse eang lobcarli sIitis sa. c ritshiasit s
wrongrleyd utcoeaf d i nanccriiaIslni sr.e tahliiastc yri isos fmi osd er­
nitayn d eipttises molIotga ym i.us l ti-laanydse trreudc turIaitls crisis.
ac riosfmi est holdoogiaef sa,ir letu ou nderstatnods ohlmovowed ern
problIeitm sasc .r iosfli esg miatcifyo trh ceur rewnotr ld oIrtids ae r.
criosfri esl evfaonErcu er- oAmiecraenp tiesmolotgahithe asvl eo tshte ir
redempptoitveen Attit ahclene. t roefa ltlh iisst hien tracptraobbllee m
oft hree latioofpn osphiudple amror cacayn dg lobcaalp itaPloipsuml.a r
democrcaacnynb oeat c hiewvitehdo aucth ieveomfge enntu ine ­decolo
nizattihoahnta t sh peo etnttioae lm powtehrpe o osro cliypa,ol litically
anedc onomyi.Bc uaetlm lpoweromfet nhpteo oirss eeinnc apailticsitr ­
claessat hrteoap tr ivate apnrdto hpfeer reteydo ofmm a rkfoertec sE.q­
uitarbeldteir sibuotfwi eoanli tsvh i ewaesad t hretoac ta pitailtisseml f.
Mbemb(e2 01324ca)o: r reocbtsleyrt vhea'dact p iwtoaullr da ther abolish
democrtaosc ayvc ea pitfarloiamsm ma jordietdyi ctaoet ceodn oamnidc
socrieadlii sbituortnT'h.ef atchtag tl obcaalp itaalndig slmob paolp ular
strugfgolre sp odpeumloacrr aarcaeyt o ddcso mpouannddse xacer­
battehsce r iosfmi osd er.n ity
It tihsir se altihtasyte nt me otnot wwobo orokpk r jocetbse g­in
ninign2 01T0h.io sn ie sa setqoum eyol t hfeorr thcobmoioeknn gt itled
ColonoifPa olwiietnPry o stcoAflroiwnchiaia cdlhe awlist hho wc olonial­
itmya dieit m possfioabrp l oes tcoAlforniiwcaoalrn lt doe mergei ta s
discipfloirncoeefdds e coloniszota htatitho eny eunpda esrd eo frimst
ande mancipmaotvoermye rnattsh tehral ni beraotnoeRrsey.of rmist
emancipmaotvoermye nntsoq tud eos tmioodne rniptesyre . Tohpeery­
ataesc ritoifc sm odewrhniiultseyi intgts e romfsr eferaenndtc hee ir
horizond sehmoowcsra anchdy u man rLiigbhetrsa.t ory amroev ements
expecttobe eqd u alvietlaaytn id ideolsougpiecrtaioelo mlray n cipatory
movemeinntt se rmosfs eekair nagd idceaclo·l otnuirtanhl ah ta st he
potenttoci raelna etweh umanaintgdye nufirneee daocmc ompanied by
economic empaonwcdeo rgmneinjttui svtei ce.
The cubroroeiknsa t sm uch about emcpoilroen,,ia angldAlif ot­byal
ricsauneb cjtiavsii itts ay b out paann-iAsafmnr dni actionaaslp iarstm
ofA frirceasnp otnogs leosbi amlp erdieaslia gnndcs o lomnaitarli ocfe s
poweTrh.e oreyt,ti hciasl libison ofko rbmyed dec oloenpiiascltp eemri­
speticpvree dicoantt herdce oera en alyctoinccaelp ts,c onlaomneilayl ity
ofp owecro,l onioafkl niotwyl eadngdce o lonioafbl eiitnTygh .e csoen ­
cepetnsa bnloeot n lsyy stemianttiecr roogfpa otwieoarns ymme,t ries
epiesmtologcioclaolno inza,an tdi patholaoswg eilzalas' t tihoinn gifica­
ti/ooneb'cjitficaotfiw ohnai tmt e antsob eA fribcauantl, se ox amination
oft hpeo verotfcy o utner-hegedmiosnciocue rvsoelsvb eyAd f ricans,
sucahsN egritaunddoe t hetrhsar te maibneehdo ltdoe nit mhmea nent
logoifcc o loniaanldii trssam c airatli cuolfha utmiaoinnd enst.i tie
Thibso okh,ow evdeore,ns o dti smAifsrsi ccoaunn ter-hegemonic
discouarsss iemspp loyor re vedrissec oubrustre asit,thc earp tutrheesi r
developamnedgn rto witnhc lurdeivnega tlhiencigor m plexaintdi es
ideoloignincoavla atnidso hnsii fnt sl wiinteehq uaclolmyp lgelxo bal
imperdieasli gAnfsr.i cdaenc olotnhioaulga hntdr esicsetp aonlitics
hanse vbeere finx eadn df rozientn i m.beu,ht a asl wabyese cno mplex,
manifgem sutlitnigpelnee alaongdii deeso lorgainegsiw nigd eflryo m
earlvieerrs isouncashs E thiopiGaanrivsemy,i sm, ANfergnir ciatude,
Person,Ba llaictky Consciousneexspse rMiotmvieeownmnite taAnhft -s,
ricsaonc liia(ssmt)oA friRceanna isasnadrn ecvei ovfpa aln -Africanism
int htew entyc-efinrtsutr y.
Att hcee ntorfAe f rirceans potnosg elso biamlp erial designs has
beetnh der viet oe ngaagnedd isegnegn,ae gotainadfitg eh atp,p ropriate
somaes peacntdrs e soitshte arnsdl, o okbiancgak n df orwaBrrdo.a dly
speaktihnnegu ,m erous iAnftreilclaaennc dat cuaadle pmriocd uctions
havbee ebna sicaablolcuyat p tuthreid nigv earsspee ocfAt fsr iecxapne ­
rienacbeo,uu ntd erstandaircntugil aatonifdo nt he cAofnrdiictaino n;
anda bosuaetr chfionrg atbhseec netn troen tooflT ohgiiyssw. h yT oyin
Faioalrag utehdas tc holaorns hAifpir niecvai tcaabrlrayin egsea rn d
isp olembieccaalui sthae bs e ecno ndittioor neesdp otnord e aliotfi es
altearnidet mye rgfersoa mt errsaaitnu rwaitte"hd' othsetrast"e ments,
usuanlelgya taibvoieut tms e mbearnsd tchoenitri (nFeanit2o'0l 01a47 :) .
Thicso nditiont obgreotiuhngethret l laencpdto ulailatsci tcioanrlts ao n
uneacsoya olnio tnti hnee cesosfdi etcyo lonizatheinoA nf.r iBcuatn w
leaderst omb aengianfc ersitos fer se petitiocnh awniagtbehu,os uitn g
juridiincdaelp entdoee nnrciec h thwehmiskleeele vpewison rgk earnsd
peasainnst useb cjitona,m ajoroifAt fyr.a inic ntelletcutruniaendlt so
sevecrrei toift chpseo tscolosntiaatle antdoc abfleolgr a ng einnudien­e
pendeThnicses .t rughgals e boenegno isnignt che1e 9 6a0nsdi sra nged
againstA firnielcpeatan d erasswh eilaplsa gaignlsotbc aoll on.i ality
Thec urrent booofdk e'psa rpitosMuii rnceth ael anHdaA rndtto nio
Negrsie'msi nsatulEd ymi pr(e20 00w)h,i cohf feursse fiunlt erventions
one mpiarleb feriotam E uro-Amepreircsatpnie vAce E.u ro-American
perspveec taainnd Afrdieccaonl opneiraslpv eeoc net mipigrleo,bc aol­
loniaalnidAt fyr iscuajbne vcit,tid yifrfaedri ciantl hlseye ntshea tth e
formedre pafrrtosa· nme pistseimwtihece rteh e emdpeiproes iittse d
positviavleua ensdc ultuorfme osd er,ns ietcyul,a rmiaetsdysu coant,i
humarni ghettsh,ie cqsu,a ,ld ietvyelopamneddn etm oc,rw ahceyreas
thlea tetmeerr gfersoa mn e pistseimwtihece rteh e daarskpeeorcf t s
empitrheai tn clmuedrec anttihlseil samtv,re a idme,p eriacloilsomn,i ­
alisfmo,r cCihbrlie staitainoainpz,a rdt,hn eeio-colo,nn ieaol-ilsimber­
alisumn,d erdemveenlt'o,hp owta r,as n'ds trucatdujruaslt mweenrtes ,
thoer doefri nteraTchtiiiosswn hsyH. a rdatn dN egcroiu wlrdi otfae
'phantasmeamgpoirtriheca'w t a sd ecoupflreoidmm periatolt ihsem
extetnhta t such baenc aenmmeepc iersteso ma ariyn tgalionb al order.
Thec urrbeonotik sn ot abosuutp ptohsibesed nleyv oalnedmn atg ­
nanimeomupsi re am wiisstihot nom aintgalionb al anoder dnefro rce
jutsicieti; sa boutth 'ea tcualelxyi steimnpgi rteh'ai tso ntologically
imperiaanldci osltp nieaxlpilsoti,at nadtv iivoel uenntd,e rpibnyn ed
hypocranids y dosutbalned aIrtid sas b.o autne mpitrheai tsd ouble­
facheidd,i cnogl onibaelhiiatnr ydh etoofrs ipcr eamdoidnegr ,nc iitvyi­
liaztidoenv,e lopdmeemnotc,r aancdhy u marni ghts. The book delves
deepienrta ona naloyfsg ilso biamlp erdieaslisa g nndc olomnaitarli ces
ofp owewri tahv ietwou nmatshkei msp irlee'ist ,mc ootliofn.iI aitlas i ty
booakb oaunte xisetmipnigtr heai ts addtiooc iatlne iddus n derpinned
bya c apitoarldiweshrto snee rvosuyss tiesmm a intabiyno eiadln d
othneart urreaslo uarvcaeisl ianb lAef rpiacrat iiacnnu dtl haGerl obal
Souitnhg eneIrtaa lbi.os au nt empiirsef ultalhryam tew di twhe apons
ofm asdse sttriuoacnn d doehse sniiotntau tsei/ nagbusmiunlgt ilateral
andgl obianls titiuntcilountdshi,en gU nNiatteid(o UnNs) a,u tthoo rize
itpsr edaitnotreyr veinnttIioro anAqsf, g haniasntdLa inb aysal onags
theseh asvineta etsug raasl oainld.
Itasp proiashc ihs toritchaelm aaItnstidi c t.u tahtAeef sr iecxapne ri­
encaen Adf risctarnu ggleasg ariatnnhsgeetem dp iarnegd l obcaoll oni­
aliwtiyt htihcneo ntoeftx htue n ofldionfgg l obhails tsoirnytc hede a wn
ofm odernTihteby o.o sk 'mapirno ptoisowinh,i ciht shwairtLehas t in
Ameridceacno lotnhiianlkl eirkse AErstcbuoarrWo,a lteMri gDn.o lo,
AnibQaulji anRoa,m oGnr osfoEgnureilDq,uu se saenldN elsMoanl do­
nadToor-reass waeswl iltA hf risccahno lliaAkrresc hMiaef eBjeer,n ard
MagubaSnaem,Ai mri nI,s sGa.S hivBjaidO,en imonGdeeo,r Ngzeosn ­
gola-NtSaalmMa ojyaoP,,a uTlia ymbe ZeTlukeuzmabL,iu mumba-Ka­
songToh,a ndMikkaan wdiarleb,b o Mandaza, Carlos Lopes, Adebayo
OlukoVsahlie,n tYi.n eM udiNmgbuegw,ia T hionagn'dmoa noyt hers,
ist haAtf ricianpn asr tiacnudpl eoaprl oefts h Gel obSaolu itnhg eneral
contitnolu ievu en decro loniaanldai smt oyd esrunb jtehcetbysr eathe
colonioanal d iatibyla ys is.
Approacfhreoadm d ecoloenpiiaslt peemriscp veetc,ht ceiu rrent
worlodr diebsre sdte scraishb ieedr arrchaicciaallc,ia zpeitdha,el ties­t,
ro-novremC,ah triins-tcieanEturrio-cA,em rican-acnedna tsryimcm­,e t
ric(aGlr osf2o0g0uA7et)li . ta sp eaxr teh Ue. S.aAn.di tNso rtAht lantic
TreatOyr ganiz(aNtAiToOpn)a rtnAettr hsbe.o ttiosAm f riacnad its
peopwlheo asrtei ll strluigbgetlrhiaentmges etflorv ogemls o biamlp e­
ridaels ipgunitsnp laactte h tei moefc onquaensdct o lomnaitarli ces of
powetrh autn deripdieno laongdei peiss temoolfao lgtieersi ty.
Ideoloagnidee psi stemoolfao lgtieherasiv tceyo mbitnoep dr oduce
Africsaunbt jievcitthyai tsc onstibtyu tpaee dr enlnaicalkla: c king
soullasc, kciinvgi lilzaactkiwiornntig,i nlga,c krienosgnp siblialcikt­y,
indge velopmenth,u mlaranic gkahintndlsg a ckdienmgo crIaitcs ay n.
unenddiinsgc otuhraistne v epnatrcstu il'alra cskusib'tlf aeo pra rticular
histoerpioccashloas s t oj ustpiefryp ettiuooanfa symmetproiwcearl
relatiotnoas u tahnodr izef ovramorsfei xotuesrni anlt erveinnttioo ns
Afriicnac lumdiilnigti anrtye rveDnutriiotnnhgspe .e rioofcd o lonial
encounetxeprlso,ar devresn,t umriesrssi,o ncaorlioenasin,adi l m peri­
aliisdte ololgiukLeeos r Ldu garCde,cJ iolh Rnh odaensdJ aSnm uts,
andma noyt heirnsc,l uadnitnhgor loopgipsrtosp,a giadteeodl ogies and
epistemoolfao lgtieeTrosdi afyiy t. t hiNeso n-GovernOmregnatnailz a­
tio(nNsG O)s atnhdme e ditah aptr ogpaatteh eisedeo lo.g ies
Thibso ok is awtatr iimtweth eenWne stemronde rniatnyid,t p sr om­
isoefsab ramvoed ewronr ilndw hicrha tniaolwiatsey x pecttoee nda ble
humantiotta yrn sceenvdeo rtyh er otbois ttcsah colsteer na tjoe,rc yhas
beehni bty a s evecrrei sisc.r iToshfmii ossd erniisct lye aerxleym pli­
fiedb y the ognlgoobfiiannlag n ccirailsI itis sa. l so ao fgc lroibsails
leadertshhaiitsmp a nifeisttsienlgf wmiutlhtiinl aatnthdgee lr oabla l
instittuhtaiitno cnlstu hdUeeN ,t hWeo rlTdr adOer ganization (WTO)
andm anyo thers,c ownhseernhesa ubssr o kdeonw no np ertiinse­nt
suelsi mkei litinatreyr vesntatrtieognoisfme, is t igating climate change
andt rardeeg imTehsew. o rlidsa tac rossrwohaedrsem boyd ernhiatsy
creaatp elde thoofpr raoe bmlsl ikteh oosfec limcahtaen tgeer,r orism,
prolifeorfwa etaipooonnfm s a sdse sttriuomcni,g ratainodmn a,no yt h­
ertso,w hicmho dernhiantsoy s olutEiuornos-.A merican epistemology
iasl sionc riasnidts h,ri esa lciatlfylo msro bilizaantdti hhoean r nessing
ofo thkenro lwe dge.
Iti sw ithtihnic so nttehxattt h ibso ojko itnhsLe a tAimne rican
decolotnhiianlka enrdAs f riocnaenls i kNeg ugwia T hioon,Kg w'asi
WiredAur,c hMiaef ejem aannyd otfhaoevurrsi:an d ge colonial turn
in the huamnadsn oictsiicaeilse nwcietpsho, t enttoli eagli tainmda te
enabplleu rivearsso aplpiosstmeot d h fea iluinnigv ersparleidsimc ated
onE uro-Amehreigceamnoe npiics temoWlhoagttih deiessc. o lotnuiranl
entaiisalr se covoeftr hya t/tkhnoowslee dtgheaw(tes r)de i splbayc ed
triumphEaulrAioms-etr iceapni stemoTlhoewg oirelscd.a no nlbye
savebdya c ombinaotfei coonl oogfik enso wleTdhgies. bmouoskt ,
theorreebf,er eaadsa m odecsatbl yla c ommitAtferdi sccahno floarr
anotkhneorw leadngoet,h er awnodar nlodt,lh oegrti hcai tso petno
pluriversality.
Withotuheten couragfermoemmne tm beorfts h Aef rica Decolonial
ReseaNrecthw o(rAkD ENR),w oIu lndo hta vaet tempttowe rdi tthei s
booIkn.f oramnadfl o rmdails sciuoswnist mhe mbeorfAs D ERNk ept
mem otivattowe rdi Itp ea.r tilcywu alnattrot hankD rF inex Ndhlovu
(UneirvsiNteyw E onfg lainnd AauilsatM)ro,r gNadnl o(vUun iveorfs ity
SouAtfhr iacnaMd o naUsnhi evrsiinAt uys atlriRai)c,h EadrddPi lea atjie
(UneirvsoiftS yo uAtfhr iScean)t,iK maes a(yU niivteoyrfSs outAhfr ica
andU niverosfSi tteyl lenTbenodsacyShii) t,h (oUlnei veorfsS iotuyt h
AfriDcraW )e,n dy Wi(lLloenmdsSo cnh ooofEl c onomainc'dPs o litical
ScienPceea)Dr,al s t(iUnliev erosfSi otuytA hf riDcraE )d,i Pthha swana
(UneirvsiJtoyh aonfn eisnSb ouurAtgfh r ica),M oMgoanse(hnUoena i ver­
siotfSy o uAtfhr iacnadE) r,iN cy embMeazkio (nUin eirvsoifJt oyh annes­
burwgi)t,ah lo lfw homIs peanl too tf tdiimsec ustshiiemn pgo rtoafn ce
decoleopniisatlpe emriscp eicnut nidveer sttahnsedt irnugc ptruerdailc a­
menotfp ocsotloAnfirailImc uas.a tl stoh annukm eroothuescr o lleagues
whow eroep posteodd e colotnhioaulga hntdw hoa lwatyrsi teod get
met oe xpltahivena loufed ecolotnhioauldg uhrti ant gi moefi ncreas­
inggl obaliwzhaetnai,co cno,r tdoti hnegcm o,l oniaanldii mspme rialism
habde edne feated. Theqiure scthciaoolnnltser dni gblaiuo nttge towards