Emil W. Haury's Prehistory of the American Southwest

518 Pages·1986·9.1 MB·English

by  Emil W. Haury

Emil W Haury’s
Prehistory of the
American Southwest

Emil W Haury’s
Prehistory of the
American Southwest
EDITED BY
J. Jefferson Reid and David E. Doyel
THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA PRESS
TUCSON
About the Author
Emil W. Haury, past president of the Society for American Archaeology
and of the American Anthropological Association, received the Viking Fund
Medal in 1950 and the A. V. Kidder Medal in 1977. From the late 1930s until
1964 he served as director of the Arizona State Museum and as head of the
department of anthropology at the University of Arizona, where he was also
the Fred A. Riecker distinguished professor in anthropology from 1970 to
1980. During his career he was elected to the National Academy of Sciences,
the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and the American Philosophical
Society.
About the Editors
J. Jefferson Reid, associate professor of anthropology at the University of
Arizona.became director of the Archaeological Field School at Grasshopper
in 1979. His research has emphasized the Mogollon culture and the history
of the development of southwestern archaeology. He received his doctoral
degree in 1973 from the University of Arizona, where he studied with Emil
Haury.
David E. Doyel assumed the responsibilities of city archaeologist and director
of Pueblo Grande Museum for the city of Phoenix in 1984. Previously he had
conducted research extensively in Arizona and northern New Mexico. He
received his Ph.D. in 1977 from the University of Arizona, where he studied
Hohokam prehistory with Emil Haury.
THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA PRESS
Copyright © 1986
The Arizona Board of Regents
All Rights Reserved
This book was set in 10/12 Linotron Baskerville.
Manufactured in the U.S.A.
Library of (Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Haury, Emil W. (Emil Walter). 1904-
Emil W. Haury’s Prehistory of the American Southwest.
Bibliography: p.
Includes index.
I. Indians of North America—Southwest. New—
Antiquities—Addresses, essays, lectures. 2. Southwest.
New—Antiquities—Addresses, essays, lectures.
3. Haury, Emil W. (Emil Walter), 1904- —Addresses,
essays, lectures. 1. Reid,J.Jefferson. II. Doyel,
David. III. Title. IV. Title: Prehistory of the
American Southwest.
E78.S7H37 1986 979'.01 85-20900
ISBN 0-8165-0896-8
To
HULDA PENNER HAURY

Contents
PART ONE
OVERVIEW
1. EMIL W. H AURY: The Archaeologist as Humanist 3
and Scientist
J. Jefferson Reid
Formative Years co

Cummings, Douglass, and Gladwin Years (1925 to 1937) m
Leadership and Style in Southwestern Archaeology a>
Postscript as Prologue 17
2. THE GREATER AMERICAN SOUTHWEST 18
Emil W. Haury
Environmental Considerations 21
Ethnographic Synopsis 22
Late Quaternary History 24
Progression of Culture Patterns 25
Final Considerations 42
viii Contents
PART TWO
TREES OF TIME
3. ARCHAEOLOGY AND DENDROCHRONOLOGY 49
Bryant Bannister and William J. Robinson
4. HH-39: Recollections of a Dramatic 55
Moment in Southwestern Archaeology
Emil W. Haury
5. TREE RINGS: The Archaeologists Time-Piece 61
Emil W. Haury
PART THREE
THE FIRST SOUTHWESTERNERS
Paleoindian and Archaic People
6. DISCOVERING EARLY MAN IN ARIZONA 75
C. Vance Haynes
7. ARTIFACTS WITH MAMMOTH REMAINS, 78
NACO, ARIZONA: Discovery of the Naco Mammoth
and the Associated Projectile Points
Emil W. Haury
History 78
Topography 80
Occurrence of Bones 81
Points 86
Additional Discoveries 93
Discussion 96
Conclusions 98
8. THE LEHNER MAMMOTH SITE, 99
SOUTHEASTERN ARIZONA
Emil IV. Haury, E. B. Sayles, and William IV. Wasley
Climate and Ecology 101
Location of the Site 105
Excavation Procedure 105
The Bone Bed 107
Contents ix
The Hearth Area 112
The Geological Events: A Preview 115
The Artifacts 118
Naco-Lehner Comparison 129
The Llano Complex 131
Dating the Lehner Site 133
Big Game Hunters and Plant Gatherers 136
Discussion 139
Conclusions 144
9. AN ALLUVIAL SITE ON THE SAN CARLOS 146
INDIAN RESERVATION, ARIZONA
Emil W. Haury
The Cienega Valley 149
The Site 151
The Cremations 162
Cultural Materials 169
Recapitulation, Dating, and Relationships 179
PART FOUR
HOHOKAM
People of the Desert
10. A SHORT HISTORY OF HOHOKAM RESEARCH 193
David E. Doyel
Gladwin and the Hohokam 194
Gladwin and Haury at Gila Pueblo 196
Continuity in Haury s Hohokam Research 200
Gladwin s Revisions 202
Di Peso and Schroeder: The O’olam and the Hakataya 204
Haury s Hohokam Réévaluation 207
Research Directions in the 1970s and 1980s 208
11. ROOSEVELT 9:6: A Hohokam Site of the Colonial Period 211
Emil W. Haury
Location and Description 212
House Remains 214
Exterior Remains 251
Contents
Material Culture 254
Cremations 281
Conclusions 282
PART FIVE
MOGOLLON
People of the Mountains
12. DEVELOPMENT OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL THOUGHT 297
ON THE MIMBRES MOGOLLON
Steifen A. LeBlanc
Early Pit House Period: a.d. 200 to a.d. 550 300
Late Pit House Period: a.d. 550 to a.d. 1000 301
Classic Mimbres Period: a.d. 1000 to a.d. 1130 302
13. THE MOGOLLON CULTURE OF 305
SOUTHWESTERN NEW MEXICO
Emil W. Haury
The Mogollon Village 307
House Remains at Mogollon Village 310
Disposal of the Dead at Mogollon Village 318
Mogollon Village Material Culture 322
The Harris Village 330
House Remains at Harris Village 339
Disposal of the Dead at Harris Village 354
Harris Village Material Culture 354
Discussion 363
The Mogollon Culture 396
Summary of Mimbres Prehistory 401
part six
ANASAZI
People of the Plateaus
14. DELINEATING THE ANASAZI 407
Jeffrey S. Dean