Emergency Planning in Case of a Nuclear Accident

393 Pages·2008·17.98 MB·English

Proceedings oafJ oNinEAt/ CWEoCr kshoonp
EMERGENCY
PLANNIINNCG A SE
OFN UCLAECACRI DENT
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COMMISSOIFTHO ENE UROPCEOAMNM UNITIES
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rA GENDCELE 'OC DPOEU RL' ENENRGUCI.EAIIER E
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COMMISSDIECOSON M MUNAEUTESU ROPEENNES
ORGANISFATIOEORCN O NOCMOI-CO PERATAINODDNE VELOPMENT
ORGANISATIDOECN O OPERAETTID OEDN E VELOPECPOENMOEMNITQ UES
Pursuant to article I of the Convention signed in Paris on 14th December 1960, and which
came into force on 30th September 1961, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and
Development (OECD) shall promote policies designed:
- to achieve the highest sustainable economic growth and employment and a rising
standard of living in Member countries, while maintaining financial stability, and thus to
contribute to the development of the world economy;
- to contribute to sound economic expansion in Member as well as non-member countries
in the process of economic development; and
- to contribute to the expansion of world trade on a multilateral, non-discriminatory basis
in accordance with international obligations.
The original Member countries of the OECD are Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark,
France, the Federal Republic of Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the
Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain; Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, the United Kingdom
and the United States. The following countries became Members subsequently through
accession at the dates indicated hereafter: Japan (28th April 1964), Finland (28th January
1969), Australia (7th June 1971) and New Zealand (29th May 1973).
The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia takes part in some of the work of the OECD
(agreement of 28th October 1961).
The OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) was established on Ist February 1958 under the
name of the OEEC European Nuclear Energy AgencY: It received iis present designation on
20th April 1972, when Japan became its first nan-European full Member. NEA membership
today consists ofa ll European Member countries ofO ECD as well as Australia, Canada, Japan
and the United States. The commission of the European Communities takes part in the work of
the Agency.
The primary objective of NEA is to promote co-operation among the governments of its
participating countries in furthering the development ofn uclear power as a safe, environmentally
acceptable and economic energy source.
This is achieved by:
- encouraging harmonisation of national regulatory. policies and practices. with particular
reference to the safety ofn uclear installations, protection ofm an against ionising radiation
and preservation of the environment, radioactive waste management. and nuclear third
party liability and insurance;
- assessing the contribution of nuclear power to the overall energy supply by keeping under
review the technical and economic aspects ofn uclear power growth and forecasting demand
and supply for the different phases of the nuclear fuel cycle;
- developing exchanges of scientific and technical information particularly through
participation in common services;
- setting up international research and development programmes and joint undertakings.
In these and related tasks, NEA works in close collaboration with the International Atomic
Energy Agency in Vienna, with which it has concluded a Co-operation Agreement, as well as with
other international organisations in the nuclear field.
© OECD, PARIS :and ECSC-EEC-EAEC, Brussels-Luxembourg, 1989
Application for permission to reproduce or translate
all or part of this publication should be made to:
Head of Publications ServiCe, OECD
2, rue Andre-Pascal, 75775 PARIS CEDEX 16, France.
En vertu de !'article J<r de Ia Convention signee le 14 decembre 1960, a Paris, et entree en
vigueur le 30 septembre I 961, !'Organisation de Cooperation et de Developpement Econo
miques (OCDE) a pour objectif de promouvoir des politiques visant:
a realiser Ia plus forte expansion de l'economie et de l'emploi et une progression du niveau
a
de vie dans les pays Membres, tout en maintenant Ia stabilite financiere, et contribuer
ainsi au developpement de l'economie mondiale ;
- a contribuer a une saine expansion ecoi10mique dans les pays Membres, ainsi que les pays
non membres, en voie de developpement economique ;
a contribuer a !'expansion du commerce mondial sur une base multilaterale et non
discriminatoire conformement aux obligations internationales.
Les pays Membres originaires de I'OCDE sont: Ia Republique Federale d'AIIemagne,
I' Autriche, Ia Belgique, le Canada, le Danemark, I'Espagne, les Etats-Unis, Ia France, Ia Grece,
l'lrlande, I'Islande, l'ltalie, le Luxembourg, Ia Norvege, les Pays-Bas, le Portugal, le
Royaume-Uni, Ia Suede, Ia Suisse et Ia Turquie. Les pays suivants sont ulterieurement devenus
Membres par adhesion aux dates indiquees ci-apres: le Japon (28 avril 1964), Ia Finlande
(28janvier 1969), I'Australie (7 juin 1971) et Ia Nouvelle-Zelande (29 mai 1973).
La Republique socialiste federative de Yougoslavie prend part a certains travaux de I'OCDE
(accord du 28 octobre I 96 I).
L'A gence de /'OCDE pour I'Energie Nuc/eaire (A EN) a ete creee le fer jevrier /95 8 sous le nom
d'Agence Europeenne pour I'Energie Nuc/eaire de /'OECE. Elle a pris sa denomination actuelle
le 20.avril 1972, /orsque /e Japon est devenu son premier pays Membre de plein exercice non
europeen. L'Agence groupe aujqurd'hui tousles pays Membres europeens de I'OCDE, ainsi que
I'Australie, /e Canada, /es Etats-Unis et le Japon. La Commission des Communautes
europeennes participe a ses travaux.
L'AEN a pour principal objectif de promouvoir Ia cooperation f!nlre les gouvernements de ses
pays participants pour /e deve/oppement de /'energie nuc/eaire en tant que source d'energie sure,
acceptable du point de vue de l'environnement, et economique.
Pour atteindre cet objectif, I'AEN:
- encourage /'harmonisation des po/itiques et pratiques reglementaires notamment en ce qui
concerne Ia surete des installations nuc/eaires, Ia protection de /'homme contre /es
rayonnements ionisants et Ia preservation de /'environnement, Ia gestion des dechets
radioactifs, ainsi que Ia responsabilite civile et /'assurance en matiere nuc/eaire;
- evalue Ia contribution de l'electronuc/eaire aux approvisionnements en energie, en
examinant regu/ierement les aspects economiques et techniques de Ia croissance de /'energie
nuc/eaire et en etab/issant des previsions concernant /'o.ffre et Ia demande de services pour
/es differentes phases du cycle du combustible nuc/eaire ;
- deve/oppe les echanges d'informations scientijiques et techniques natamment par l'inter
mediaire de services communs ;
met sur pied des programmes internationaux de recherche et developpement, et des
entreprises communes.
Pour ces activites, ainsi que pour d'autres travaux connexes, I' AEN collabore etroitement avec
I'Agence lnternationale de I'Energie Atomique de Vienne, avec /aquelleelle a conc/u un Accord de
cooperation, ainsi qu'avec d'autres organisations internationales operant dans le domaine
nuc/eaire.
© OCDE, PARIS et CECA-CEE-CEEA, Bruxelles-Luxemlxllug, 1989
Les demandes de reproduction ou de traduction doivent etre adressees a :
M. le Chef du Service des Publications, OCDE
2, rue Andre-Pascal, 75775 PARIS CEDEX 16, France.
FOREVORD
There is no doubt that the Chernobyl accident, its development and the
management of its consequences offered a number of lessons to be learned.
Further improvement of emergency preparedness and public protection measures
will depend on an in-depth reflection on these lessons, a process which is
being actively pursued by national authorities as well as by intergovernmental
and international organisations.
To monitor the present state of development as regards emergency
planning and preparedness, a Uorkshop on "Technical Aspects of Emergency
Planning" was arranged by the Nuclear Energy Agency and the Commission of the
European Communities. These proceedings present the results of the Vorkshop
and contain the papers presented together with summaries and conclusions based
upon the main findings reported by the session chairmen and the discussions
held. The opinions expressed are those of the authors and do not commit the
Member countries.
Publication No. EUR 12595 EN
of the Commission of the European Communities,
Scientific and Technical Communication Unit
Directorate-General Telecommunications,
Information Industries and Innovation, Luxembourg
LEGAL NOTICE
Neither the Commission of the European Communities nor any person acting on
behalf of the Commission is responsible for the use which might be made of the
following information.
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AVANT-PROPOS
a
Il y a incontestablement un certain nombre d'enseignements tirer de
!'accident de Tchernobyl, de son deroulement et de la gestion de ses conse
quences. Seule une reflexion approfondie sur ces enseignements permettra d'ame
liorer encore les dispositifs d'intervention en cas d'urgence et les mesures
de protection du public ; telle est la tache a laquelle s'emploient activement
les autorites nationales, de meme que les organisations intergouvernementales
et internationales.
Afin de faire le point de la situation en ce qui concerne la planifica
tion et !'intervention en cas d'urgence, l'Agence pour l'energie nucleaire et
la Commission des Communautes europeennes ont organise une reunion de travail
intitulee "Aspects techniques de la planification d'urgence". Le present compte
rendu expose les resultats de cette reunion et contient les communications pre
a
sentees cette occasion, ainsi qu'un resume et des conclusions fondees sur les
principales constatations faites par les presidents de seance et sur les de
bats. Les opinions exprimees n'engagent que leurs auteurs et en aucun cas les
gouvernements des pays Membres.
AVERTISSEMENT
Ni la Commission des Communautes Europeennes, ni l'Agence de l'OCDE pour
l'Energie Nucleaire ne sont responsables de l'usage qui pourrait etre fait des
informations ci-apres.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE DES MATIERES
INTRODUCTION • • . • . . • . • . . . • • • • • . • . . . • . • . • • • . • • . . . . . . • . . . • . • • . ..• • . . . . • • . . • • • 11
OPENING SPEECH
S. Finzi, CEC • • • • • • • • . • • • • . • • • . . • . . • . • • • • . • • . . • . . . . . . • . . . . . • • . . . . • • • • . • . • 17
Session I - Seance I
OVERVIEV OF EMERGENCY PLANNING PRACTICES AND CRITERIA
AFTER THE CHERNOBYL ACCIDENT
APERCU GENERAL DES PRATIQUES ET CRITERES DE PLANIFICATION D'URGENCE
SUITE A L'ACCIDENT DE TCHERNOBYL
Chairman - President : s. PRETRE (Switzerland)
EMERGENCY PLANNING PRACTICES AND CRITERIA IN THE OECD COUNTRIES
AFTER THE CHERNOBYL ACCIDENT
C. Viktorsson, G. Boeri, NEA •..•..........•......• :. . • . . . . . . . . . . . • . • • . • • • 23
SELECTED HIGHLIGHTS OF ONGOING AND PLANNED IAEA INITIATIVES IN
EMERGENCY PLANNING AND PREPAREDNESS
F.A. Yenslawski, E. Asculai, IAEA ..•...............................•....• 36
Session II - Seance II
DEVELOPMENTS CONCERNING THE BASIS FOR OFF-SITE EMERGENCY PLANNING
EVOLUTION RECENTE DES PRINCIPES DE LA PLANIFICATION D'URGENCE
EN DEHORS DU SITE
Chairman - President : M. GONZALEZ GOMEZ (Spain)
TECHNICAL BASIS FOR OFFSITE EMERGENCY PLANNING IN THE UNITED STATES
F.J. Congel, United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . • . . . . . • . . . . • . . • 45
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PLANT-INTERNAL ACCIDENT MANAGEMENT AND CRITERIA FOR INFORMATION OF
OFF-SITE EMERGENCY PLANNING STAFF
A. Jahns, U. Erven, J. Seredynski, Federal Republic of Germany ...•••••••• 54
BASES TECHNIQUES POUR L'ETABLISSEMENT DES PLANS DE SECOURS RELATIFS
AUX CENTRALES DE REACTEURS A EAU SOUS PRESSION
A. L'Homme, D. Manesse, J. Gauvain, B. Crabol, France 65
BASIS FOR NUCLEAR EMERGENCY. PLANNING AND PREPAREDNESS IN DENMARK
THE FARFIELD PERSPECTIVE
B. Thorlaksen, K. Ulbak, 0. Walmod-Larsen, Denmark •.••.•...••••.•.••••••• 77
THE DEVELOPMENT AND USE.OF DECISION AIDING TECHNIQUES FOR ESTABLISHING
INTERVENTION LEVELS
G. N. Kelly, J. Sinnaeve, CEC . . . . . . . • . . . . . . • . . . . . . • • • • • • • . • . • • . • • • . • . • • • • • 89
NRPB ADVICE ON THE PROTECTION OF THE PUBLIC AND WORKERS IN THE UK IN
THE EVENT OF A NUCLEAR EMERGENCY
M. Morrey, United Kingdom ..•...................••....•.•..•...•.••.•.•••• 101
NUCLEAR EMERGENCY PLANNING AND RESPONSE IN THE NETHERLANDS AFTER
CHERNOBYL
L.J.W.M. Bergman, P. Kerkhoven, The Netherlands 112
PLANS D'URGENCE : L'EXPERIENCE BELGE
A. Clymans, Belgium ........•.................•...•.....•....•••••••.••.•• 127
A COMPUTER MODEL FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES
OF RADIOACTIVE RELEASES
P. Walthoff, Belgium ••.................•.•...••.•..•..••••.....••••.••••• 139
Session III - Seance III
SURVEILLANCE, MONITORING AND DECISION MAKING
SURVEILLANCE, CONTROLE ET PRISES DE DECISIONS
Chairman - President : 0. PAAKKOLA (Finland)
RADIATION MONITORING IN SWITZERLAND IN THE CASE OF A MAJOR NUCLEAR
ACCIDENT ; MEANS AND STRATEGY
P. Honegger, Switzerland ...•.......•....•..........•••....•.•....•.•..•.• 151
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NATIONAL MONITORING SYSTEMS AND STRATEGIES IN SYEDEN
B.A. Persson, Sweden ...•......................•••..•..•••..•..•.•.••••••• 163
AN EXTENSIVE, NATIONALLY CO-ORDINATED SYSTEM OF ENVIRONMENTAL
MONITORING STATIONS AND LABORATORIES
L. Blomqvist, 0. Paakkola, Finland ••..•...••.•.....••.••...•.••••.••••••• 175
INTEGRATED MEASUREMENT AND INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR THE SURVEILLANCE OF
ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY (IMIS) IN THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY
A. Bayer, R. Dehos, A. Kaul, Federal Republic of Germany •••.••••••••••••• 186
LE SYSTEME DE SURVEILLANCE FRANCAIS ETABLI PAR LA SCPRI
J. Chanteur, P. Pellerin, France ....•.•••.••..•.•••••••••••.••••.•••••••• 197
THE ORGANISATION OF TECHNICAL INFORMATION IN THE NETHERLANDS
D. Hoogendoorn, L. van Mourik, A.H. Dal, The Netherlands •.....•..••..•••• 204
REALISATION D'UN RESEAU DE CONTROLE TELEMETRIQUE DE LA RADIOACTIVITE
AUTOUR DES SITES DES INSTALLATIONS NUCLEAIRES ET SUR LE TERRITOIRE
BELGE (TELERAD)
J.P. Samain, Belgium .....................•......•..•..•..•••••••••••••••• 207
EMERGENCY ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING SYSTEM IN JAPAN
M. Oshino, Japan ........................•••.•••.•.•..•.•••.•..•.•.••••.•• 217
METHODS AND TECHNIQUES FOR PERFORMING AERIAL AND LANDBASED MONITORING
FUNCTIONS AS PART OF AN EMERGENCY RESPONSE
J.F. Doyle, United States ................................................ 229
MONITORING IN EMERGENCY SITUATIONS - STANDARDIZATION OF MEASUREMENTS
D. van Lith, J. Geleijns, A.V. Baerveldt, B.F.M. Bosnjakovic,
The Netherlands .......................•...•.....•.••.••.••••••••••••••••• 243
DECISION AIDS TO OFF-SITE EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT - THE CEC YORKSHOP OF
MAY 1989
G. Fraser, CEC . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . • • • • • • • . . • • . • • • • . • • • • • • 248
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Session IV - Seance IV
EXPERIENCE FROM EMERGENCY PLANNING AND RESPONSE
IN THE NON-NUCLEAR FIELD
EXPERIENCE ACQUISE EN MATIERE DE PLANIFICATION ET D'INTERVENTION
D' URGENCE DANS LE SECTEUR NON NUCLEAIRE
Chairman - President : F. CONGEL (United States)
ACCIDENT SURVENU DANS UN SILO DE STOCKAGE D'ENGRAIS A NANTES LE
29 OCTOBRE 1987
M. Genesco, France . . . . . . . . . . • . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . • 259
CHEMICAL AND NUCLEAR EMERGENCIES : INTERCHANGING LESSONS LEARNED
FROM PLANNING AND ACCIDENT EXPERIENCE
V. Adler, J.H. Sorensen, G.O. Rogers, United States 269
LA GESTION D'UNE CRISE D'ORIGINE ENVIRONNEMENTALE : LE CAS DE
SAINT-BASILE-LE-GRAND, QUEBEC, CANADA
J-C. Deschenes, Canada ...............................................•••. 282
THE MISSISSAUGA TRAIN DERAILMENT AND CHEMICAL CRISIS - A LEARNING
EXPERIENCE FOR PARTICIPANTS, PLANNERS AND EMERGENCY RESPONSE AGENCIES
G.E. Bentley, Canada .•.•..•.•..................•.......•.•..•....•...•••• 293
Session V - Seance V
DESIGN OF AND EXPERIENCE FROM NUCLEAR EMERGENCY EXERCISES
CONCEPTION DES EXERCICES D'URGENCE EN CAS D'ACCIDENT NUCLEAIRE
ET EXPERIENCE ACQUISE EN LA MATIERE
Chairman - President : J.O. SNIHS (Sweden)
OBJECTIVES, SPECIFICATION AND ELABORATION OF TECHNICAL SCENARIOS
FOR EMERGENCY DRILLS INVOLVING A FRENCH PWR
J. Duco, France . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . • • • • 307
EXPERIENCE FROM NUCLEAR EXERCISES AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF SCENARIOS
FOR SUCH EXERCISES
B.P. Bleasdale, D.J. Western, United Kingdom .....................•...••.. 322
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