Electronics Explained: Fundamentals for Engineers, Technicians, and Makers

408 Pages·2017·2.4 MB·English

by  Louis E. Frenzel

Electronics Explained
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Electronics Explained
Fundamentals for Engineers,
Technicians, and Makers
Second Edition
Louis E. Frenzel, Jr.
Austin, TX, United States
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Contents
List of Figures xv
Preface to the Second Edition xxv
Preface xxvii
1. L earning About Electronics for Your Own Good 1
Introduction 1
It Is Not Like It Used to Be 2
What Is in It for You? 2
Electronics: The Big Picture 3
Communications 4
Computers 4
Control 4
Instrumentation 5
Components 5
How the Electronics Industry Works? 5
Electricity Versus Electronics 6
The Painful Truth 7
Cell Phone 8
Computers 9
Robots 11
2. E lectronic Concepts: More Interesting
Than You Think 15
Introduction 15
Electricity and Electronics 15
Atoms and Electrons 16
Charge, Voltage, and Current 16
Dynamic Electricity and Current Flow 18
Direction of Current Flow 19
Conductors, Insulators, and Semiconductors 20
Magnetism 20
Magnetic Fields 20
Electromagnetism 21
Electromagnetic Induction 23
vii
viii Contents
Voltage Sources 24
Direct Current Voltages 24
Alternating Current Voltages 26
Practical Direct Current and Alternating Current Voltage Sources 29
Direct Current Voltage Sources 29
Fuel Cell 32
Alternating Current Voltage Sources 33
Analog and Digital Signals 34
Fourier Theory and the Frequency Domain 34
3. T he Systems Versus Components View of Electronics 41
Introduction 41
Why Systems and Not Circuits? 41
Electronic Components 45
Switches 45
Resistors 45
Capacitors 47
Inductors 50
Transformers 51
Diodes 52
Transistors 52
Integrated Circuits 55
4. Electronic Circuits: Linear/Analog 63
Introduction 63
Linear Circuits 63
Amplifiers 64
Classifying Amplifiers 65
Amplifier Specifications 71
Filters 75
Oscillators 77
Mixers 78
Phase Detector 79
Phase-Locked Loops 80
Frequency Synthesizers 82
Power Supplies 84
5. Electronic Circuits: Digital 103
Introduction 103
Binary Numbers 103
Binary-to-Decimal Conversions 104
Using Hardware to Represent Binary Quantities 105
Decimal-to-Binary Conversions 105
Maximum Decimal Value for N Bits 106
BCD and ASCII 107
Parallel and Serial Data 112
Contents ix
Digital Logic Elements 114
Inverter 114
AND Gate 115
OR Gate 117
NAND and NOR Gates 117
Exclusive OR Gate 118
Flip-Flops 119
Storage Registers 120
Shift Registers 121
Counters 121
Common Logic Circuits 124
Multiplexer 124
Demultiplexer 124
Decoder 124
Comparators 125
Arithmetic Circuits 125
Digital Memories 126
Random Access Memory 126
Read-Only Memory 128
Programmable Logic Devices 129
Data Conversion 131
Analog-to-Digital Conversion 132
Digital-to-Analog Conversion 132
Resolution and Sampling Interval 133
Direct Digital Synthesis 134
6. How Microcomputers Work 139
Introduction 139
Concepts and Definitions 139
Computer Organization and Operation 142
Operational Details 145
Registers and the Arithmetic Logic Unit 145
Control Unit 147
Instruction-Word Formats 148
Program Execution Example 149
Microcomputer Buses 151
Popular Microcomputers 151
8- and 16-Bit Microcontrollers 152
32- and 64-Bit Processors 155
Digital Signal Processing 157
7. Radio/Wireless 159
Introduction 159
Radio Communication Systems 159
Three Basic Ways of Communications 160
Simplex 161
Half Duplex 161