Electronics and electroplating applications

100 Pages·2005·0.81 MB·English

METTLER TOLEDO Titrators
Electronics and
electroplating applications
Application brochure 28
Dear Reader

Information technology and electronics have become increasingly relevant in our society
deeply influencing every aspect of our life. In particular, the world of communication has
experienced the largest transformation: thanks to powerful computers, Internet and mobile
phones the way of communicating has become faster, and an exponentially increasing
amount of information has become available.

If software is the soul of electronics devices, hardware represents their body. They can
smoothly function if their components such as printed circuits meet the required quality
standards. The production quality can be monitored by a variety of analytical techniques.
Titration is one analytical method used in electroplating and electronics industry to mainly
control the metal ion content and the degree of acidity of electroplating baths.

42 different methods covering various determinations in the electroplating analysis
are presented in this brochure, a representative collection of widely used titrations in the
electroplating and electronics industry.

These applications are the result of the efforts of many people. First we would like to mention
our former Applications Chemist Kees Mooibroek. His work from the previous application
brochure 4 “electroplating” was included in the present brochure, and completed with the
applications on titration of gold and silver. From collaboration with customers and our selling
organizations we were able to get additional methods, and Applications chemists extensively
tested the applications in the Market Support Laboratory.

We are proud to present to you our brochure on applications in the electroplating and
electronics industry containing valuable information and practical hints. This is the 28th
brochure of a long series of comprehensive applications, which continues the tradition started
since the early 1970’s to focus on analytical competence in Market Support Group.

We wish you a lot of success

Craig Gordon Cosimo A. De Caro
Manager Market Supporrt AnaChem Applications Chemist
Contents
M062 Electroless copper bath: Determination of copper .......................................................4
M063 Electroless copper bath: Determination of free complexing agents .............................6
M064 Electroless copper bath: Sodium hydroxide and formaldehyde ...................................8
M065 Electroless nickel bath: Determination of sodium hypophosphite .............................12
M066 Electroless nickel bath: Determination of nickel .......................................................16
M067 Electroless nickel bath: Determination of sodium orthophosphite ............................18
M151 Determination of acetic, phosphoric and nitric acid in a mixture ..............................20
M152 Nitric, acetic and phosphoric acid mixture: large excess of phosphoric acid ............22
M153 Nitric, acetic and phosphoric acid mixture: concentrations below 0.3% ...................24
M154 Simultaneous titration of HCl, CH COOH, and NH Cl .............................................26
3 4
M155 Polishing bath: determination of sulfuric and phosphoric acid ..................................28
M156 Determination of boric acid in acidic mixtures of HCl and HF .................................30
M157 Determination of hydrochloric and nitric acid ...........................................................34
M158 Determination of ammonia and hydrogen peroxide ...................................................36
M159 Determination of hydrochloric acid and hydrogen peroxide .....................................38
M181 Back-titration of aluminum in acidic bath ..................................................................40
M182 Titration of sulphuric and aluminum in an electroplating bath ..................................42
M183 Determination of nickel and cadmium by complexometry ........................................44
M184 Determination of cadmium in alkaline bath ...............................................................46
M185 Iodometric titration of Cr(VI) in an electroplating bath .............................................48
M186 Determination of Cr(III) by back-titration in an electroplating bath ........................50
M187 Chromium and vanadium in a K Cr O / V O mixture .............................................52
2 2 7 2 5
M188 Determination of Cr(VI) in an electroplating bath by Fe(II) titration ........................54
M189 Determination of free cyanide in a copper bath .........................................................56
Page 2/100 METTLER TOLEDO DL5x and DL7x Titrators Electronics and electroplating applications
M190 Determination of free cyanide in a cyanidic zinc bath ...............................................58
M191 Back-titration of zinc in a cyanidic zinc bath .............................................................60
M175 Titration of gold -Au(III)- in a standard solution .......................................................62
M208 Determination of gold by precipitation reaction with hydroquinone .........................64
M209 Titer determination of cerium sulfate vs. hydroquinone ...........................................66
M210 Standardization of hydroquinone with pure gold .......................................................68
M179 Determination of the gold content in alloy .................................................................72
M180 Determination of the approximate gold content content in alloys .............................75
M192 Determination of lead(IV) in batteries ......................................................................76
M193 Complexometric titration of lead in alloy ..................................................................78
M194 Determination of nickel in an electroplating bath ......................................................80
M195 Determination of silver in silver alloy ........................................................................82
M196 Determination of free potassium cyanide in a silver bath ..........................................84
M197 Titration of Tin(II) in acidic tin bath ..........................................................................86
M198 Photometric titration of zinc in a spin bath ................................................................88
M199 Determination of sulphate in a spin bath by precipitation titration ............................90
M200 Titration of fluoride in soldering salts ........................................................................92
M201 Standardization of 1/2 Pb(NO ) ...............................................................................94
3 2
Literature
Electronics and electroplating applications METTLER TOLEDO DL5x and DL7x Titrators Page 3/100
METTLER TOLEDO
M062 Electroless copper bath: Determination of copper
Sample: Electroless copper bath Instruments: METTLER TOLEDO DL70
10 mL Matrix Printer Epson LX800
with serial interface 8148
Substance: Copper (II),
M = 63.546, z = 1 Method: 062
Preparation: 40 mL sulphuric acid 25% Accessories: Titration beakers ME-101974
5 mL Potassium iodide 10 %
5 mL Potassium thiocyanate 10% Indication: DM140-SC at Sensor 2

Titrant: Sodium thiosulphate, Na S O
2 2 3
c(Na S O ) = 0.1 mol/L
2 2 3
Standard: Potassium iodate, KIO
3
(see application M009)
Results: METTLER DL70 Titrator * METTLER - TOLEDO *
Application Laboratory
062 Chem. Copper Electrolyte measured 20-Jun-1991 13:20
20-Jun-1991 11:28 Titrator Electroplating
SW Version 2.0 User **** KM ****
RESULTS
No Identification Volume Results
1/1 CHEM Cu MD &/2 10.0 mL 1.390 g/L Copper (Cu)
3.490 g/L CuSO
4
5.460 g/L CuSO .5H O
4 2
1/2 CHEM Cu MD &/2 10.0 mL 1.407 g/L Copper (Cu)
3.534 g/L CuSO
4
5.529 g/L CuSO .5H O
4 2
1/3 CHEM Cu MD &/2 10.0 mL 1.398 g/L Copper (Cu)
3.512 g/L CuSO
4
5.494 g/L CuSO .5H O
4 2
1/4 CHEM Cu MD &/2 10.0 mL 1.395 g/L Copper (Cu)
3.504 g/L CuSO
4
5.482 g/L CuSO .5H O
4 2
1/5 CHEM Cu MD &/2 10.0 mL 1.373 g/L Copper (Cu)
3.449 g/L CuSO
4
5.396 g/L CuSO .5H O
4 2
STATISTICS
Number results R1 n = 5
Mean value x = 1.393 g/L Copper (Cu)
Standard deviation s = 0.0126 g/L Copper (Cu)
Rel. standard deviation srel = 0.902 %
Outlier test: no outliers
Page 4/100 METTLER TOLEDO DL5x and DL7x Titrators Electronics and electroplating applications
Method Remarks
Method 062 Chem. Copper Electrolyte Bath composition
Version 20-Jun-1991 11:28
Title This bath is used for chemical copper deposition on
Method ID . . . . . . . . . . . . . 062
Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chem. Copper Electrolyte printed circuit boards. It consists of sodium hydrox-
Date/time . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20-Jun-1991 11:28
ide, formaldehyde, weakly complexed copper, free
Sample
Number samples . . . . . . . . . . 5 complexing agent(s), and additives.
Titration stand . . . . . . . . . . Stand 1
Entry type . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fixed volume U
Volume [mL] . . . . . . . . . . . 10.0
ID1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ******** Sample preparation
Molar mass M . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.0
Equivalent number z . . . . . . . . 1 Be careful! If cyanide is present in the sample, the
Stir
Speed [%] . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 addition of a sulphuric acid solution must be performed
Time [s] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Titration in a ventilated fume hood (formation of HCN!).
Titrant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Na2S2O3
Concentration [mol/L] . . . . . . . 0.1 1) A weak copper complex is decomposed at room
Sensor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DM140-SC
Unit of meas . . . . . . . . . . . . mV temperature by the acid medium. A stronger com-
Titration mode . . . . . . . . . . . EQP
Predispensing 1 . . . . . . . . . mL plex is decomposed in the same way at elevated
Volume [mL] . . . . . . . . . 1.0
Titrant addition . . . . . . . . INC temperature.
∆V [mL] . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1
Measure mode . . . . . . . . . . EQU 2) After decomposition the sample is cooled at room
∆E [mV] . . . . . . . . . . . 0.5
∆t [s] . . . . . . . . . . . 2.0 temperature.
t(min) [s] . . . . . . . . . . 3.0
t(max) [s] . . . . . . . . . . 30.0
Threshold . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 3) Then potassium iodide (KI) and potassium thio-
EQP range . . . . . . . . . . . Yes
Limit A [mV, pH,...] . . . . . 800.0 cyanate (KSCN) are added.
Limit B [mV, pH,...] . . . . . 0.0
Maximum volume [mL] . . . . . . . 20.0 4) Cu(II) is reduced with excess iodide (I-) and sub-
Termination after n EQPs . . . . Yes
n = . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 sequently precipitated as CuI in the presence of
Evaluation procedure . . . . . . Standard
Calculation thiocyanate (SCN-). KSCN is added to avoid ad-
Result name . . . . . . . . . . . . Copper (Cu)
Formula . . . . . . . . . . . . . . R1=Q*C1/U sorption of I on the surface of CuI :
Constant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C1=63.546/z 2
Result unit . . . . . . . . . . . . g/L 2 Cu2+ + 4 I - → 2 CuI + I
Decimal places . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2
Calculation
Result name . . . . . . . . . . . . CuSO4 The amount of iodine formed is proportional to the
Formula . . . . . . . . . . . . . . R2=Q*C2/U
Constant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C2=159.60/z Cu(II) content. Cover the beakers to avoid loss of
Result unit . . . . . . . . . . . . g/L
Decimal places . . . . . . . . . . . 3 iodine
Calculation
Result name . . . . . . . . . . . . CuSO4.5H2O 5) The complete reduction of Cu(II) requires 5 min.
Formula . . . . . . . . . . . . . . R2=Q*C2/U
Constant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C2=249.68/z
Decimal places . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Record
Titration of iodine
Output unit . . . . . . . . . . . . Printer
Result last sample . . . . . . . . . Yes
E - V curve . . . . . . . . . . . . Yes I is titrated at room temperature with Na S O :
Statistics 2 2 2 3
Ri (i=index) . . . . . . . . . . . . R1 2 S O 2- + I → S O 2- + 2 I-
Standard deviation s . . . . . . . . Yes 2 3 2 4 6
Rel. standard deviation srel . . . . Yes • Stir moderately. Vigorous stirring causes loss of
Outlier test . . . . . . . . . . . . Yes
Record I
Output unit . . . . . . . . . . . . Printer 2
All results . . . . . . . . . . . . Yes • Alternative: Photometric indication with DP550
Phototrode; indicator: starch
Literature
• Titration time: approx. 4 minutes
1. B. Bressel, Ausserstromloser Kupferelekrolyt,
DGO Deutsche Gesellschaft für Galvano- und
Oberflächentechnik e.V., Horionplatz 6, Düssel-
dorf (Germany), 1988
2. Copper bath's manufacturer
Disposal
Copper solutions: special waste
Other titrators
DL50 Graphix, DL53/55/58, DL77 titrators. Author: Kees Mooibroek
Electronics and electroplating applications METTLER TOLEDO DL5x and DL7x Titrators Page 5/100
METTLER TOLEDO
M063 Electroless copper bath: Determination of free complexing agents
Sample: Electroless copper bath Instruments: METTLER TOLEDO DL70
5 mL Matrix Printer Epson LX800
with serial interface 8148
Substance: Complexing agents
Method: 063
Preparation: 60 mL deionised water
Accessories: Titration beakers ME-101974
Titrant: Copper sulphate, CuSO
4
c(CuSO ) = 0.01 mol/L Indication: DP550 Phototrode at sensor 2
4
DIN-Lemo Adapter ME-89600
Standard: EDTA Indicator:
(see application M007) 0.25 g Murexide, 1:500 tritura-
tion with NaCl

Results: METTLER DL70 Titrator Mettler-Toledo AG
Application Laboratory
063 Free Complexing Agents measured 23-Jul-1991 16:24
23-Jul-1991 15:25 Titrator P5
SW Version 2.0 User KM
RESULTS
No Identification Volume Results
1/1 Chem.Cu MD 6/8 5.0 mL 20.408 mmol/L Free Compl.
1/2 Chem.Cu MD 6/8 5.0 mL 20.412 mmol/L Free Compl.
1/3 Chem.Cu MD 6/8 5.0 mL 20.391 mmol/L Free Compl.
1/4 Chem.Cu MD 6/8 5.0 mL 20.414 mmol/L Free Compl.
1/5 Chem.Cu MD 6/8 5.0 mL 20.408 mmol/L Free Compl.

STATISTICS
Number results R1 n = 5
Mean value x = 20.407 mmol/L Free Compl.
Standard deviation s = 0.0089 mmol/L Free Compl.
Rel. standard deviation srel = 0.044 %
Outlier test : sample No. 1/3
Statistics without sample No. 1/3
Number results R1 n = 4
Mean value x = 20.411 mmol/L Free Compl.
Standard deviation s = 0.0029 mmol/L Free Compl.
Rel. standard deviation srel = 0.014 %

Page 6/100 METTLER TOLEDO DL5x and DL7x Titrators Electronics and electroplating applications
Method Remarks
Method 063 Free Complexing Agents Bath composition
Version 23-Jul-1991 15:25
Title • This bath is used for chemical copper deposition
Method ID . . . . . . . . . . . . . 063
on printed circuit boards. It consists of sodium hy-
Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . Free Complexing Agents
Date/time . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23-Jul-1991 15:25 droxide, formaldehyde, weakly complexed copper,
Sample
Number samples . . . . . . . . . . 5 free complexing agent(s), and additives.
Titration stand . . . . . . . . . . Stand 1
Entry type . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fixed volume U • Depending on the use of the bath a single specific
Volume [mL] . . . . . . . . . . . 10.0
ID1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ******** complexing agent or a mixture of various complex-
Molar mass M . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.0
Equivalent number z . . . . . . . . 1 ing agents is used. Results are given in mmol/L.
Stir
• The free complexing agents influence the rate of
Speed [%] . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Time [s] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 copper deposition and the stability of the bath.
Titration
Titrant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CuSO4-(2)
Concentration [mol/L] . . . . . . . 0.01
Sensor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DP550 Sample preparation
Unit of meas . . . . . . . . . . . . mV
Titration mode . . . . . . . . . . . EQP
1) The copper bath is diluted and then titrated with
Predispensing 1 . . . . . . . . . mL
Volume [mL] . . . . . . . . . 0.0 0.01 M Cu(II) titrant. No pH buffer is added, the
Titrant addition . . . . . . . . INC
∆V [mL] . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1 sample is alkaline.
Measure mode . . . . . . . . . . EQU
∆E [mV] . . . . . . . . . . . 2.0
∆t [s] . . . . . . . . . . . 2.0 2) It is recommended to use a trituration 1:500 mu-
t(min) [s] . . . . . . . . . . 3.0
t(max) [s] . . . . . . . . . . 30.0 rexide: NaCl.
Threshold . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0
EQP range . . . . . . . . . . . Yes 3) Add the indicator before starting analysis. Keep
Limit A [mV, pH,...] . . . . . 0.0
Limit B [mV, pH,...] . . . . . 1000.0 sample free of air bubbles during titration. Air
Maximum volume [mL] . . . . . . . 40.0
Termination after n EQPs . . . . Yes bubbles and undissolved impurities affect with the
n = . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Evaluation procedure . . . . . . Standard photometric indication.
Calculation
Result name . . . . . . . . . . . . Free compl.
Formula . . . . . . . . . . . . . . R1=Q*C1/U
Constant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C1=1000 Titration
Result unit . . . . . . . . . . . . mmol/L
Decimal places . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Record Free complexing agents are titrated with Cu(II)-solu-
Output unit . . . . . . . . . . . . Printer
Result last sample . . . . . . . . . Yes tion in alkaline solution:
E - V curve . . . . . . . . . . . . Yes Cu 2+ + Agent → Cu-Agent 2+
Statistics
Ri (i=index) . . . . . . . . . . . . R1 At the equivalence point (simplified):
Standard deviation s . . . . . . . . Yes
Rel. standard deviation srel . . . . Yes Cu 2+ + Murexide - → Cu-Murexid + (violet-yellow)
Outlier test . . . . . . . . . . . . Yes
Record
Output unit . . . . . . . . . . . . Printer
All results . . . . . . . . . . . . Yes • Adjust the DP 550 at 1000 mV in deionised water
before starting titration (100% transmission).
Literature
• Due to the steep signal change, an EQP titration
with fixed increments is used. The low threshold
1. B. Bressel, Ausserstromloser Kupferelekrolyt,
value allows for different amounts of indicator.
DGO Deutsche Gesellschaft für Galvano- und
• A fixed predispensing shortens the titration time.
Oberflächentechnik e.V., Horionplatz 6, Düssel-
• Titration time: approx. 4 minutes.
dorf (Germany), 1988.
2. Copper bath's manufacturer
E-V curve
Disposal
Copper solutions: special waste
Other titrators
DL50 Graphix, DL53/55/58, DL77 titrators.
Author: Kees Mooibroek
Electronics and electroplating applications METTLER TOLEDO DL5x and DL7x Titrators Page 7/100
METTLER TOLEDO
M064 Electroless copper bath: Sodium hydroxide and formaldehyde
Sample: Electroless copper bath Instruments: METTLER TOLEDO DL70
5 mL Matrix Printer Epson LX800
with serial interface 8148
Substance: Sodium hydroxide, formaldehyde
Method: 064
Preparation: Deionised water, 40 mL
Accessories: Titration beakers ME-101974
Titrant 1: Hydrochloric acid, HCl, 1 additional DV90 burette drive
c(HCl) = 0.1 mol/L 1 additional DV1010 burette
Titrant 2: Sodium sulfite, Na SO
2 3
c(Na SO ) = 1 mol/L (pH = 10.5) Indication: DG111-SC at sensor 1
2 3

Standard: Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane
Results: 064 Hydroxide and Formaldehyde measured 18-Jun-1991 17:18
18-Jun-1991 11:05 Titrator P5
SW Version 2.0 User KM
RESULTS
No Identification Volume Results
1/1 Chem.Cu MD 4/7 5.0 mL 12.2 pH Dil. sample
14.59 g/L NaOH
-0.59 g/L Correction
8.69 g/L Formaldehyde
-0.19 g/L Correction
1/2 Chem.Cu MD 4/7 5.0 mL 12.3 pH Dil. sample
14.55 g/L NaOH
-0.62 g/L Correction
8.60 g/L Formaldehyde
-0.10 g/L Correction
1/3 Chem.Cu MD 4/7 5.0 mL 12.2 pH Dil. sample
14.62 g/L NaOH
-0.62 g/L Correction
8.60 g/L Formaldehyde
-0.10 g/L Correction
1/4 Chem.Cu MD 4/7 5.0 mL 12.2 pH Dil. sample
14.51 g/L NaOH
-0.51 g/L Correction
8.54 g/L Formaldehyde
-0.04 g/L Correction
1/5 Chem.Cu MD 4/7 5.0 mL 12.2 pH Dil. sample
14.52 g/L NaOH
-0.52 g/L Correction
8.41 g/L Formaldehyde
0.09 g/L Correction

STATISTICS
Number results R1 n = 5
Mean value x = 12.2 pH Dil. sample
STATISTICS
Number results R2 n = 5
Mean value x = 14.56 g/L NaOH
Standard deviation s = 0.047 mmol/L
Rel. standard deviation srel = 0.319 %
Outlier test : no outliers!
STATISTICS
Number results R4 n = 5
Mean value x = 8.58 g/L Formaldehyde
Standard deviation s = 0.109 g/L Formaldehyde
Rel. standard deviation srel = 1.273 %
Outlier test : no outliers!
Page 8/100 METTLER TOLEDO DL5x and DL7x Titrators Electronics and electroplating applications
Method
Method 064 Hydroxide and Formaldehyde
Version 18-Jun-1991 11:05 Calculation
Result name . . . . . . . . . . . . Formaldehyde 7
Title Formula . . . . . . . . . . . . . . R4=Q[2]*C4/U
Method ID . . . . . . . . . . . . . 064 Constant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C4=30.03/1
Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hydroxide and Result unit . . . . . . . . . . . . g/L
Formaldehyde Decimal places . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Date/time . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18-Jun-1991 11:05 Condition . . . . . . . . . . . . . Yes
Instruction Condition . . . . . . . . . . R2>0
Instruction . . . . . . . . . . . . Analysis to be done Calculation
> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . after correction of Result name . . . . . . . . . . . . Correction 8
> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . the copper content. Formula . . . . . . . . . . . . . . R5=8.5-(Q[2]*C5/U)
Sample Constant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C5=30.03/1
Number samples . . . . . . . . . . 5 Result unit . . . . . . . . . . . . g/L
Titration stand . . . . . . . . . . Stand 1 Decimal places . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Entry type . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fixed volume U Condition . . . . . . . . . . . . . Yes
Volume [mL] . . . . . . . . . . . 5.0 Condition . . . . . . . . . . . R2>0
ID1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ******** Instruction
Molar mass M . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.0 Instruction . . . . . . . . . . . . Sodium hydroxide
Equivalent number z . . . . . . . . 1 > . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . content too high.
Stir > . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ***PLEASE CORRECT***
Speed [%] . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 Condition . . . . . . . . . . . . . Yes
Time [s] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Condition . . . . . . . . . . . R2>16
Measure Instruction
Sensor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DG111-SC-(2) Instruction . . . . . . . . . . . . Sodium hydroxide
Unit of meas . . . . . . . . . . . . As installed > . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . content too low.
∆E [mV] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.5 > . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ***PLEASE CORRECT***
∆t [s] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.0 Condition . . . . . . . . . . . . . Yes
t(min) mode . . . . . . . . . . . . Fix Condition . . . . . . . . . . . R2<12
t(min) [s] . . . . . . . . . . . 30.0 Instruction
t(max) [s] . . . . . . . . . . . . 300.0 Instruction . . . . . . . . . . . . Formaldehyde content
Calculation > . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . too high
Result name . . . . . . . . . . . . Dil. sample > . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ***PLEASE CORRECT***
Formula . . . . . . . . . . . . . . R1=E Condition . . . . . . . . . . . . . Yes
Constant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Condition . . . . . . . . . . . R4>10
Result unit . . . . . . . . . . . . pH Instruction
1 Decimal places . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Instruction . . . . . . . . . . . . Formaldehyde content
Titration > . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . too low
Titrant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HCl > . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ***PLEASE CORRECT***
Concentration [mol/L] . . . . . . . 0.1 Condition . . . . . . . . . . . . . Yes
Sensor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DG111-SC-(2) Condition . . . . . . . . . . . R4<7
Unit of meas . . . . . . . . . . . . As installed Record
Titration mode . . . . . . . . . . . EP Output unit . . . . . . . . . . . . Printer
Predispensing . . . . . . . . . . mL Result last sample . . . . . . . . . Yes
Volume [mL] . . . . . . . . . 1.0 E - V curve . . . . . . . . . . . . Yes
Titrant addition . . . . . . . . Continuous Statistics
Control band [mV, pH,...]. . . 0.3 Ri (i=index) . . . . . . . . . . . . R1
Delay [s] . . . . . . . . . . 10 Statistics
End point mode . . . . . . . . . EPA Ri (i=index) . . . . . . . . . . . . R2
Potential [mV, pH,...] . . . . 10.5 Standard deviation s . . . . . . . . Yes
Tendency . . . . . . . . . . . . Negative Rel. standard deviation srel . . . . Yes
2 Maximum volume [mL] . . . . . . . 30.0 Outlier test . . . . . . . . . . . . Yes
Calculation Statistics
Result name . . . . . . . . . . . . NaOH Ri (i=index) . . . . . . . . . . . . R4
Formula . . . . . . . . . . . . . . R2=Q1*C2/U Standard deviation s . . . . . . . . Yes
Constant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C2=40/1 Rel. standard deviation srel . . . . Yes
Result unit . . . . . . . . . . . . g/L Outlier test . . . . . . . . . . . . Yes
3 Decimal places . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Record
Calculation Output unit . . . . . . . . . . . . Printer
Result name . . . . . . . . . . . . Correction All results . . . . . . . . . . . . Yes
Formula . . . . . . . . . . . . . . R3=14-(Q1*C3)/U
Constant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C3=40/1
Result unit . . . . . . . . . . . . g/L Remarks
Decimal places . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Record
Output unit . . . . . . . . . . . . Printer • The electrode DG111-SC is calibrated in the
Result last sample . . . . . . . . . Yes
4 E - V curve . . . . . . . . . . . . Yes range of pH 9 to 12 (see application M004).
Dispense
Titrant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Na2SO3 (pH 10.5)
Concentration [mol/L] . . . . . . . 1.0 • Hydrochloric acid is standardized with THAM
Volume [mL]. . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.0
Condition . . . . . . . . . . . . . Yes (see application M003).
5 Condition . . . . . . . . . . . . R2>0
Stir
Speed [%] . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 • The pH value of the sodium sulphite solution
Time [s] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Condition . . . . . . . . . . . . . Yes (Titrant 2) has to be adjusted to the same end-
6 Condition . . . . . . . . . . . . R2>0
Titration pont value as in the titration (see 6). Otherwise
Titrant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HCl
Concentration [mol/L] . . . . . . . 0.1 complicated blank evaluations are necessary.
Sensor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DG111-SC-(2)
Unit of meas . . . . . . . . . . . . As installed
• Total analysis time: approx. 4 minutes.
Titration mode . . . . . . . . . . . EP
Predispensing . . . . . . . . . . mL
Volume [mL] . . . . . . . . . 0.0 • The titrator displays warnings if upper or lower
Titrant addition . . . . . . . . Continuous
Control band [mV, pH,...]. . . 0.2 result limits are exceeded.
Delay [s] . . . . . . . . . . 10
End point mode . . . . . . . . . EPA
Potential [mV, pH,...] . . . . 10.5
Tendency . . . . . . . . . . . . Negative
Maximum volume [mL] . . . . . . . 30.0
Condition . . . . . . . . . . . . Yes
Electronics and electroplating applications METTLER TOLEDO DL5x and DL7x Titrators Page 9/100