effect of glycine betaine in the alleviation of abiotic stresses in groundnut genotypes

244 Pages·2011·19.96 MB·English

EFFECT OF GLYCINE BETAINE IN THE ALLEVIATION OF
ABIOTIC STRESSES IN GROUNDNUT GENOTYPES
THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE
ACHARYA N. G. RANGA AGRICULTURAI, UNVERSITY
IN PART FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS
FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF
DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY
IN THE FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE
DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE, RAJENDRANAGAR
ACHARYA N. (;. RANGA AGRICULTURAL- UNIVERSITY
RAJENDRANAGAR, HYDERABAD 500030
December, 1998
CERTIFICATE
Ms. Koti Sailaja has satisfactorily prosecuted the course of research and that the thesis entitled
"EFFECT OF GLYCINE BETAINE IN THE ALLEVIATION OF ABIOTIC STRESSES
IN GROUNDNUT GENOTYPES ARACHIS HYPOGAEA. L.," submitted is the result of
original research work and is sufficiently high standard to warrant its presentation to the
examination. 1 also certify that the thesis or part thereof has not been previously submitted by her
for a degree of any university.
+
Date: 'L2.1'~,98 ( Dr. P. S. Sarma )
Chairman
Professor and Head
Department of Plant Physiology
College of Agriculture
-
Hyderabad 30
CERTIFICATE
This is to cemfy that the thesis entitled "EFFECT OF GLYCINE BETAINE IN THE
ALLEVIATION OF ABIOTIC STRESSES IN GROUNDNUT GENOTYPESn submitted in
partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of 'Doctor of phlosophy in Agriculture' of
Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural university, Hyderabad is a record of bonafide research work carried
out by Ms. K. Sailaja under my guidance and supervision. The subject of the thesis has been approved
by the Student's Advisory Committee.
No part of the thesis has been submitted for any other degree or diploma. The published part
has been fully acknowledged. All assistance and help received during the course of investigations has
ha"--
( Dr. P. S. Sarma)
Chairman of the Advisory committee
Thesis approved by the student's advisory committee
Chairman (D~p.. S. sarma) -------.----.-.--.-.-.--.-.-.-
Professor and Head
Department of Plant Phys~ology
College of Agnculture
RP.jendranagar, Hyderabad - 54 ?
-1--~3-iP-1q?!4
Co - Chairman : (Dr. R. C. Nagenara Rao) --
Semor Sclentlst
Genetic Resources Enhancement Program
LCRlSAT Asla center
-
Patanchem, Hyderabad A P 502324
' LL
Member (Dr. C, L.Narasimha ~~~)i--.LS.--!.i-i-? , ,~ L
Assoc~ateP rofessor \
Department of Plant Phys~ology
College of Agnculture
-
Rajendranagar, Hyderabad 500030
----" -\,,<; -~b---y.
Member (Dr. H. A. loan)
Assactate Professor
Department of Genehcs and Plant Breedng
College of Agnculture
-
Rajendranagar, Hyderabad 500030 r,
Qll
Member (Dr. T. Naeswm Rad -~AThi+ku\I
Assoclue Professor f
Department of Genetics and Plant Breebg
CoUege of Agnculture -
Rajendranagar, Hyderabad 500030
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER TITLE PAGE NO:
I INTRODUCTION
2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE
3 MATERIALS AND METHODS
4 RESULTS
5 DlSCUSSlON
6 SUMMARY
LITERATURE CWD
LIST OF TABLES
Table No. Title Page No.
4.1.1 Root and shoot lengths of groundnut seedlings as influenced
by heat stress and betaine treatments
4.2. t Root and shoot lengths of groundnut seedlings as influenced
by salinity stress and betaine treatments
4.1.2 Protein profile of the groundnut seedlings as influenced hy
betaine and heat stress treatments
4.2.2 Protein profile of the groundnut seedlings as influenced by
betaine and salinity stress treatments
4.3.1 Effect of seed treatment with betaine on root (RL) and main
stem length (SL) of three groundnut genotypes at 15 DAS
4.3.2 Influence of salinity stress and seed treatment with betaine
on root (RD) and main stem (MsD) development of three
groundnut genotypes
4.3.3 Effect of seed treatment with betaine on root and shoot dry
matter, leaf area (LA) and total dry matter (TDM) at 15
DAS
4.3.4 Effect of seed treatment with betaine on root growth rate
(RGR), shoot growth rate (SGR), leaf area development
(LA), crop growth rate (CGR) during salinity stress imposed
from 15-30 DAS
4.3.5 Effect of seed treatment with betaine on photosynthetic rates
(Pn), relative water content (RWC), osmotic potentials (OP)
and total betaine content (TB) during salinity stress imposed
during 15-30 DAS.
4.3.6 Correlation coefficients of TB with all the parameters
studied under the influence of salinity stress and betaine
treatments.
4.4.1 Effect of seed treatment with betaine on root (RL) and main
stem length (SL) of three groundnut genotypes at 30 DAS.
4.4.3 Effect of seed treatment with betaine on root and shoot dry
matter, leaf area (LA), total dry matter (TDM) at 30 DAS.
Table No. Title Page No.
4.4.4 Effect of seed treatment with betaine on root growth rate
(RGR), shoot growth rate (SGR), leaf area development
(LA), crop growth rate (CGR) during water stress imposed
from 30-60 DAS.
4.4.6 Effect of seed treatment with betaine on relative water
content (RWC), leaf water potential (vp), total betaine TB)
(mM) and fluoroscence ratio (Fvffm) during water stress
imposed during 30-60 DAS.
4.4.7 Correlation coefficients oftotal betaine content with all the
parameters under the influence of water stress and betaine
treatments.
4.5.1 Effect of seed treatment with betaine on root length (RL),
shoot length (SL) at 15 DAS
4.5.2 Effect of betaine treatment on root dry weight (Rwt), shoot
dry weight (Swt), leaf area (LA), total dry matter (TDM) at
15 DAS
4.5.3 Influence of high temperature stress and betaine treatments
on root (RD) and main stem (MsD) developn~ento f three
groundnut genotypes.
4.5.4 Effect of seed treatment with betaine on root growth rate
(RGR), shoot growth rate (SGR), leaf area expansion rate
(LA, crop growth rate (CGR) during water stress imposed
from 30-60 DAS.
4.5.5 Effect of betaine treatment on relative water content
(RWC), leaf water potential (yW), total betaine (TB) and
Fv/Fm ratio
4.5.7 Correlation coefficients of total betaine content with all the
parameters studied under the influence of high temperture
stress and betaine treatments
4.6.1 Vegetative weights (Veg wt), pod weights (pod wt), and
harvest index at 120 DAS as influenced by betaine
treatments under irrigated and mid season drought
conditions during Kharif '96.
Table No. Title Page No.
Aerial pegs (AP), Subterranean pegs (SP), and total pegs
(TP) at 100 DAS as influenced by betaine treatments under
Ligated and mid season drought conditions during kharif
'96.
Crop growth rate (CGR), pod growth rate (PGR) and
partitioning percentage (part %) as influenced by betaine
treatments under imgated and mid season drought
conditions during kharif '96.
Photosynthetic rate (Pn), osmotic potential (OP), relative
water content (RWC) and light interception &I%) as
influenced by betaine treatments under irrigated mid season
drought conditions at 80 DAS during kharif '96.
Vegetative weight (veg wt), pod dry weights (pod dry wt)
and harvest index as intluenced by betaine treatments under
mid season drought during rabi 96-97.
Aerial pegs (AP), subterranean pegs (SP) and total pegs
('TP) as ~nfluencedb y betaine treatments under irrigated and
mid season drought conditions at 60 DAS during rabi '96-
97.
Aerial peg addition rate, subterranean peg addition rate and
total peg addition rate as influenced by betaine treatments
under irrigated and mid season drought conditions during
rabi '96-97.
Crop growth rate (CGR), pod growth rate (PGR),
partitioning (PART %) as influenced by betaine treatments
under mid season drought in rabi '96-97.
Net assimilation rate (NAR), leaf area duration (LAD) as
influenced by betaine treatments under mid season drought
during rabi '96-97.
Relative water content (RWC), photosynthetic rates (Pn),
osmotic potentials (OP), and light interception (LI%) as
influenced by betaine treatments under mid season drought
at 100 DAS during rabi '96-97.
Total betaine content (TB) as influenced by betaine
treatments under mid season drought during rabi '96-97.
Table No. Title Page No.
Correlation coefficients of total betaine content under the
influence of betaine treatments and mid season drought
conditions.
Vegetative weiights (veg wt), pod dry weights (pod dry wt),
and harvest index (HI), as influenced by betaine treatments
under end season drought at 120 DAS during rabi '96-97.
Aerial pegs (AP), subterranean pegs (SI'), and total pegs
(TP) as influenced by betaine treatments at 80 DAS under
end season drought during rabi '96-97.
Aerial peg addition rate, subterranean peg addition rate and
total peg addition rate as influenced by betaine treatments
under irrigated and end season drought conditions during
rabi '96-97.
Crop growth rate (CGR), pod growth rate (PGR) and
partitioning % (Part %) as influenced by betaine treatments
under end season drought during rabi '96-97.
Net assimilation rate WAR) and leaf area duration (LAD)
as influenced by betaine treatments under end season
drought during rabi '96-97.
Total betaine content (TB) as influenced by Betaine
Treatments under end season drought conditions at 100
DAS during rabi '96-97.
Photosynthetic rate (Pn), relative water content (RWC),
osmotic potential (OP) and light interception (LI%) as
influenced by betaine treatment under end season drought at
100 DAS during rabi '96-97.
Correlation coefficients of total betaine content under the
influence of betaine treatments and end season drought
conditions.
LIST OF PLATES
............................................................................................................
PLATE NO. TITLE PAGE NO.
............................................................................................................
1 The rain out shelter used in the rainy season
experiment of 1996 to impose mid season drought.
2 Overall view of the field during kharif '96 experiment
LCA4 in use during the glasshouse study of glycine
betaine effect on salinity stress
4&5 Effect of glycine betaine on root and shoot lengths of
-
groundnut seedlings (ICG 476 above and TAG 24
below) as influenced by high temperature stress
treatments
6&7 Effect of glycine betaine on roo-t and shoot lengths o-f
groundnut seedlings (ICG 476 above and TAG 24
below) as influenced by salinity stress treatments
8 Response of growth of groundnut seedlings to
osmolytes like glycine betaine and sucrose and Hz0 as
control
-
9& 10 Protein profiles of groundnut seedlings (GI ICG 476)
-
(G2 TAG 24). subjected to high temperature (above)
and salinity stress (below) as influenced by betaine
treatments
I I Effect of glycine betaine on groundnut plants at 60
DAS (TAG 24) in glass house during the study of
glycine betaine effects on water stress imposed from
30-60 DAS.
12 Effect of glycine betaine on groundnut seedlings of
TAG 24 at 30 DAS, during the study of glycine
betaine effects on water stress imposed from 30-60
DAS.
13 Response of treatment with glycine betaine on
groundnut seedlings (TAG 24) grown under control
-
conditions in growth chamber 1.
14 Response of treatment with glycine betaine on
groundnut seedlings (TAG 24) grown under high-
temperature stress conditions in the growth chamber
2
15 Response of groundnut to water stress imposed as mid
season drought from 40-80 DAS during the rainy
season 1996 to study the effect of betaine to alleviate
water stress.
LIST OF FIGURES
..........................................................................................................
Fig No. Title Page No.
..........................................................................................................
3.1.1 Protocol followed to examine the influence of glycine
betaine on response of groundnut genotypes (ICG 476
and TAG 24) to high temperature stress.
3.2.1 Protocol to examine the influence of glycine betaine on
response of groundnut genotypes (ICG 476 and TAG
24) to salinity stress.
3.3.2 Procedure followed for analysing growth of plants
sampled at each sampling date in each treatment to
know the effect of glycine betaine in the alleviation of
salinity stress.
3.5.2 Temperature regimes maintained in the growth chamber
to study the effect of seed treatment of glycine betaine
in the alleviation of high temperature stress.
3.6.3 Procedure followed for analysing growth of plants
sampled at every sampling date in each treatment to
know the effect of glycine betaine in the alleviation of
mid season drought stress during kharif '96.
3.7.2 Total water applied across the beds with line source
sprinkler irrigation during the imposition of end season
drought in rabi '96-97.
4.1.1 Effect of seed treatment of betaine on the root and shoot
lengths of groundnut genotypes, ICG 476 (a) and TAG
24 (b) under the influence of high temperature stress
treatments.
4.2.1 Effect of seed treatment of betaine on the root and shoot
lengths of groundnut genotypes, ICG 476 (a), TAG 24
(b) as influenced by betaine treatments under the
influence of salinity stress treatments.
4.3.3 (a) Effect of seed treatment of betaine on root development
(a) and root growth rate (b) in 3 groundnut genotypes
under salinity stress conditions.
4.3.4 Effect of seed treatment of betaine on shoot
development (a), shoot growth rate (b), leaf area
expansion rate ( c), and crop growth rate (d) as
influenced by salinity stress treatments imposed during
15-30 DAS.