Edg AAH 109

2020·80.3 MB·English

NEW
CI V IL RIGHTS

MOVEMENT
The story of the African
American fight for freedom
and equality

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Welcome to
CI V IL RIGHTS

MOVEMENT
Marking 55 years since the landmark Civil Rights
Act was signed into law, this book takes you on a
fascinating journey through the deining moments
of America’s Civil Rights Movement during the
1950s and 1960s. You’ll ind everything from Rosa
Parks and the Montgomery Bus Boycott to Martin
Luther King’s legendary ‘I Have a Dream’ speech and
the March on Washington. Filled with fascinating
features, emotive stories and iconic imagery, the
book explores the origins of the African American
ight for freedom and equality, its achievements
in the face of intense opposition, the movement’s
iconic leaders and their roles, and how it inspired
the new wave of protest and activism currently
sweeping the United States.

CIVIL RIGHTS

MOVEMENT
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All About History Book of the Civil Rights Movement Third Edition
(AHB2932)
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Part of the
bookazine series
CONTENTS
We Shall Overcome
10 Defining Moments:

1619-1950s
12 A merica’s centuries

of slavery
18 KKK: The invisible army
24 F rom emancipation
to expectation
28 The founding fathers

of civil rights
32 The South under

Jim Crow
70
A Change Is Gonna Come
36 Defining Moments: 40

1954-1963
38 The murder that

shocked America
40 Rosa Parks: Tired

of giving In
46 The Little Rock Nine
48 B uilding a dream:

The rise of MLK
52 The power of
nonviolent protest
60 The campaign that
changed America
6
I Have A Dream
68 D efining Moments:

1963-1968
70 “I have a dream”
136
78 Four little girls gone
80 JFK and MLK
46
88 R acism and murder

in Mississippi
90 The long march to vote
96 Death of a King
Say It Loud…
134
108 Defining Moments:

1965-1968
28 114 110 A changing mood:

Riots & rebellion
114 The making of Malcolm X
118 Black Power,
Black Panthers

Legacy
128 Civil rights:

Achievement & anguish
118
134 Barack Obama:

The watershed president
136 Birth of the new Civil
Rights Movement
7
WWee SShhaallll
OOvveerrccoommee
10 D efining Moments: 28 The founding fathers

1600s-1950s of civil rights
12 America’s centuries 32 The South under

of slavery
Jim Crow
18 KKK: The invisible

army
24 F rom emancipation
to expectation
8
9
Defining
Moments
1600s-1950s
1 January 1863
The Emancipation
Proclamation
S
ince 1619, slavery had cemented itself firmly measure. And while a great many Republicans
into the culture and society of the New were opposed to any form of amendment to
World and the United States of America slavery law, it became clear that the vast
it would become. It drove both trade and majority of slaveholders were based
The
industry and had, quite literally, shaped the in the South and that the war on
nation. It became embedded in normality so deeply them had become a de facto war Emancipation
that for many, enforced labour was as pedestrian on slavery itself. Proclamation freed
as attending church on Sunday. But not everyone The Proclamation itself wasn’t
3.1 million of the
accepted its presence, including Abraham Lincoln, the death of slavery – in fact, it
nation’s four million
the 16th president of the United States and the man was both a tactical manipulation
at the helm of government while the Civil War of the law designed to undermine slaves when it came
raged across the nation. the South, and the first step into effect
Lincoln had long been disgusted by slavery, but towards systematically dismantling
he knew that its deep integration in both the North slavery in the United States. The new
and the South would make it an unwise avenue to law granted freedom to all slaves rebelling
pursue during wartime. However, that all changed against their masters in the South, but did not
by mid-1862, when thousands of slaves rebelled affect those owned in the North. It granted them
against their Southern masters and fled to join the the right to fight with the Union in the war, but
invading armies of the Union. With this massive did not grant them rights as citizens. It was a half- President Abraham Lincoln’s first reading of the
influx of humanity, Lincoln was now in a position step for civil rights, but it was progress in the right Emancipation Proclamation, 22 July 1862, as shown in
an engraving by Alexander Hay Ritchie dated 1866
to use the abolition of slavery as an acceptable war direction nonetheless.
The 14th and 15th NAACP founded The Great Migration 1916
Amendments 9 July 1868 12 February 1909 Between 1916 and 1970, over six million African
The 14th and 15th Amendments were, much like the 13th Formed over a century ago, the National Association Americans moved from their rural setting in the South
Amendment that preceded them, designed to bolster for the Advancement of Colored People was created to areas in the West, Midwest and Northeast of the
the basic principles of the Emancipation Proclamation. to fight, to rewrite, and to protect the civil rights of United States. This incredible exodus was in reaction to
The 14th – brought into effect on 9 July 1868 – created African Americans. The group was the successor to multiple factors, including the rise of Jim Crow laws and
protection for the civil rights of former slaves, while the the Niagara Movement, which convened in Canada violence against people of colour, as well as the impact
15th removed lawful limitations that stopped African to discuss the growth of Jim Crow laws and the of the Great Depression on rural-based communities.
American men from voting. continued disenfranchisement of citizens of colour.
1100