Disasters and the Small Dwelling: Perspectives for the UN IDNDR

275 Pages·1992·7.878 MB·English

by  Yasemin Aysan, Ian Davis

DISASTERS AND THE
SMALL DWELLING
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DISASTERS AND THE
SMALL DWELLING
Perspectives for the UN IDNDR
Edited by
YASEMIN A YSAN
Director, Disaster Management Centre
Oxford Polytechnic
and
IAN DAVIS
Deputy Director, Disaster Management Centre
Oxford Polytechnic
~~[iD[j]~m~ru
from Routledge
First published by James & James (Science Publishers) Ltd. in 1992
This edition published 2013 by Earthscan
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© 1992 James and James Science Publishers Ltd
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any
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British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
Disasters and the small dwelling:
Perspectives for the UN IDNDR.
I. Title II. Aysan, Yasemin III. Davis, Ian
363.3
ISBN 978-1-873936-07-8 (hbk)
Conference Sponsored by
Disaster Management Centre National Center for Earthquake
Engineering Research
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Typeset by Columns Design and Production Services Ltd, Reading
Contents
Acknowledgements ix
1 Introduction I
YASEMIN AY SAN and IAN DAVIS
2 Conference on 'Disasters and Small Dwelling':
Opening Speech 5
MICHEL F. LECHAT
3 Disasters and the Small Dwelling - Process, Realism and
Knowledge: Towards an Agenda for the IDNDR 8
IAN DAVIS and YASEMIN A YSAN
4 Review of Twelve Years' Experience of Disasters and
Small Dwellings 23
FRED CUNY
5 The Global Vulnerability 30
GUSTAVO WILCHES-CHAUX
6 Materials and Construction Techniques for Disaster
Protection 36
ROBIN SPENCE
7 Disaster Prevention and Mitigation in Latin America
and the Caribbean: Notes on the Decade of the 1990s 45
STEPHEN BENDER
v
CONTENTS
8 Problems in Post-Disaster Resettlement: Cross
Cultural Perspectives 58
ANTHONY OLIVER-SMITH
9 The Socio-Cultural and Behavioural Context of
Disasters and Small Dwellings 67
RUSSELL R. DYNES
10 A View of the Role ofNGOs in Natural Disaster Work 72
REINHARD SKINNER
11 Cross Cultural Disaster Planning: The Alice Springs
Flood 77
JOHN HANDMER
12 Disasters and Housing Policy for Rural Bangladesh 88
DAVID OAKLEY
13 Choice of Technique: Housing Provision by NGOs
the 1988 Floods in Bangladesh 97
JOHN BORTON and TONY BECK (with JANE PRYER,
NAUSHAD FAIZ, NURUL ALAM and MIKE CHAUHAN)
14 Floods in Bangladesh: Vulnerability and Mitigation
Related to Human Settlement 110
HUGH BRAMMER
15 Earthquake Reconstruction for Future Protection 119
ANDREW COBURN and IGNACIO ARMILLAS
16 Hazards Mitigation and Housing Recovery: Watsonville
and San Francisco One Year Later 127
MARY C. COMERIO
17 The Reconstruction of Kalamata City after the 1986
Earthquake: Some Issues on the Process of Temporary
Housing 136
MIRANDA DANDOULAKI
18 Diasaster Aid: Equity First 146
ERIC DUDLEY
19 Introducing Disaster Mitigation in a Political Vacuum:
The Experiences of the Reconstruction Plan Following
the Alto Mayo Earthquake, Peru, 1990 162
ANDREW MASKREY
20 Wind Effects on the Tongan 'Hurricane House' 175
GREG REARDON
vi
CONTENTS
21 Disaster Resistant Construction for Small Dwellings
in Solomon Islands 183
CHARLES BOYLE
22 Occupant Behaviour in Earthquakes 189
MANSOUR RAHIMI
23 Rebuilding of Fao City, Iraq: A Case of Central
Government Post-war Reconstruction 194
SULTAN BARAKAT
24 La Zurza: A Unique Experience in the Integral Urban
Development of Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic 207
DAVID SCOTT LUTHER
25 Housing in El Salvador: A Case Study 218
DEBORA VASQUEZ VELAsQUEZ
26 Mitigation Program Selection and Evaluation:
Assessing Effectiveness 224
PATRICIA A. BOLTON
27 Assessment of the Iranian Earthquake 20 June 1990:
A Field Report 231
PATRICK STANTON (with RODERICK JARVIS,
MICHAEL MARCHANT and ROBERT POVERY)
Conclusions 256
Index 261
vii
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Acknowledgements
The 'Disasters and the Small Dwelling' Conference, held at Oxford
Polytechnic, in September 1990, was jointly organised by the National Centre
for Earthquake Engineering Research CNCEER) of the University at Buffalo
and the Disaster Management Centre CDMC) of Oxford Polytechnic. We are
particularly grateful to Jelena Panteli(f, Assistant Director of NCEER, for
supporting the idea and thoroughly overseeing its promotion and execution.
The financial contributions of the NCEER made it possible for the USA
participants to attend the Conference and introduce many new perceptions.
Deborah Plotnik, Research Assistant at the NCEER, facilitated the links with
us and the USA groups prior to the Conference, and Patricia Coty, of the same
centre, prepared a bibliography on Small Dwellings. We are thankful for their
patience and thoroughness.
Many of the contributors to the Conference and to this volume have been
known to us through their works over the years. We are grateful to them for
sharing their experiences with the participants and revising their papers for the
final publication. We are also thankful to the agencies and organisations who
supported their travel and attendance.
When the idea of reviewing the progress in the subject since the 1978
Conference of the same title and venue was conceived, contributors to the
original meeting were contacted. Those who were available provided the much
needed continuity and 'institutional memory' on the progress of the last twelve
years. In this respect we are grateful to John Seaman, Frederick Cuny, Allan
Taylor, Ken Westgate, Paul Oliver and Robin Spence for making the effort.
Both the Conference and the production of this volume have been made
possible by a large group of people. The staff from the Disaster Managemen~
ix