Dietary Risk Assessment in the WIC Program

182 Pages·2002·2.765 MB·English

by  Committee on Dietary Risk Assessment in the WIC Program, Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine

DIETARY RISK
ASSESSMENT
IN THE
WIC PROGRAM
Committee on Dietary Risk Assessment
in the WIC Program
Food and Nutrition Board
INSTITUTE OF MEDICINE
NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS
Washington, DC
NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS (cid:1) 2101 Constitution Avenue, N.W. (cid:1) Washington, DC 20418
NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Gov-
erning Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from
the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of
Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee re-
sponsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with re-
gard for appropriate balance.
Support for this project was provided by the Food and Nutrition Service, U.S.
Department of Agriculture. The views presented in this report are those of the
Institute of Medicine Committee on Dietary Risk Assessment in the WIC Pro-
gram and are not necessarily those of the funding agency.
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chairman and vice chairman, respectively, of Research the National Council.
COMMITTEE ON DIETARY RISK ASSESSMENT
IN THE WIC PROGRAM
VIRGINIA A. STALLINGS (chair), Division of Gastroenterology and Nutri-
tion, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
TOM BARANOWSKI, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine,
Houston, Texas
RONETTE R. BRIEFEL, Mathematica Policy Research, Washington, D.C.
YVONNE BRONNER, Public Health Program, Morgan State University, Bal-
timore, Maryland
LAURA E. CAULFIELD, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins
University, Baltimore, Maryland
EZRA C. DAVIDSON, JR., Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Char-
les R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California
THERESA O. SCHOLL, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Univer-
sity of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Stratford, New Jersey
CAROL W. SUITOR, Nutrition Consultant, Northfield, Vermont
ROBERT C. WHITAKER, Division of General and Community Pediatrics,
Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
Staff
Romy Gunter-Nathan, Study Director
Kimberly Stitzel, Research Associate
Jaime Lanier, Project Assistant (until May 2001)
Peter Keo, Project Assistant (after May 2001)
v
FOOD AND NUTRITION BOARD
CUTBERTO GARZA (chair), Division of Nutritional Science, Cornell Uni-
versity, Ithaca, New York
ALFRED H. MERRILL, JR. (vice chair), School of Biology, Georgia Institute
of Technology, Atlanta
ROBERT M. RUSSELL (vice chair), Jean Mayer U.S. Department of Agri-
culture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University,
Boston, Massachusetts
VIRGINIA A. STALLINGS (vice chair), Division of Gastroenterology and
Nutrition, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
LARRY R. BEUCHAT, Center for Food Safety and Quality Enhancement,
University of Georgia, Griffin
BENJAMIN CABALLERO, Center for Human Nutrition, Johns Hopkins
Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
ROBERT J. COUSINS, Center for Nutritional Sciences, University of Florida,
Gainesville
SHIRIKI KUMANYIKA, Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics,
University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia
LYNN PARKER, Child Nutrition Programs and Nutrition Policy, Food Re-
search and Action Center, Washington, D.C.
ROSS L. PRENTICE, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson
Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
A. CATHARINE ROSS, Department of Nutrition, The Pennsylvania State
University, University Park
BARBARA O. SCHNEEMAN, Department of Nutrition, University of Cali-
fornia, Davis
ROBERT E. SMITH, R.E. Smith Consulting, Inc., Newport, Vermont
STEVE L. TAYLOR, Food Processing Center, University of Nebraska, Lin-
coln
BARRY L. ZOUMAS, Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Soci-
ology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park
Staff
ALLISON A. YATES, Director
LINDA D. MEYERS, Deputy Director
GAIL E. SPEARS, Administrative Assistant
GARY WALKER, Financial Associate
vi
Acknowledgments
Sincere appreciation is extended to the many individuals and groups who
were instrumental in the development of this report. First and foremost, many
thanks are due to the committee members who volunteered countless hours to
the research, deliberations, and preparation of the report. Their dedication to this
project and to a stringent timeline was commendable, and the basis of our suc-
cess.
Many individuals volunteered significant time and effort to address and
educate our committee members during the workshop and public meeting.
Workshop speakers included Jean Anliker, PhD, RD, University of Maryland;
Ann Barone, LDN, Rhode Island Department of Health; Gladys Block, PhD,
University of California at Berkeley; Graham Colditz, MD, DrPH, Harvard Uni-
versity; Cutberto Garza, MD, PhD, Cornell University; Bob Greenstein, Center
on Budget and Policy Priorities, Washington, D.C.; Jill Leppert, LD, RD, North
Dakota State Department of Health; Kristin Marcoe, MBA, RD, U.S. Depart-
ment of Agriculture; Lynn Parker, MS, RD, Food Research and Action Center,
Washington, D.C.; Carol Rankin, MS, RD, LD, Mississippi Department of
Health; Anna Maria Siega-Riz, PhD, University of North Carolina; Amy Subar,
PhD, MPH, RD, National Cancer Institute; Valerie Tarasuk, PhD, University of
Toronto; and Amanda Watkins, MD, RD, Arizona Department of Health Serv-
ices. In addition, two organizations provided oral testimony to the committee
during its public meeting: the National Association of WIC Directors and the
Food and Nutrition Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture. Sincere thanks and
appreciation are also extended to Barbara Ainsworth, PhD, University of South
vii
viii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Carolina, for her valuable assistance as a consultant in the field of physical ac-
tivity assessment.
This report has been reviewed in draft form by individuals chosen for their
diverse perspectives and technical expertise, in accordance with procedures
approved by the NRC’s Report Review Committee. The purpose of this
independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist
the institution in making its published report as sound as possible and to ensure
that the report meets institutional standards for objectivity, evidence, and
responsiveness to the study charge. The review comments and draft manuscript
remain confidential to protect the integrity of the deliberative process. We wish
to thank the following individuals for their review of this report:
Maxine Hayes, Washington State Department of Health
Jules Hirsch, Rockefeller University
Elvira Jarka, Health Resources and Services Administration
Louise C. Masse, National Cancer Institute
Esther Myers, American Dietetic Association
Valerie Tarasuk, University of Toronto
Although the reviewers listed above have provided many constructive
comments and suggestions, they were not asked to endorse the conclusions or
recommendations nor did they see the final draft of the report before its release.
The review of this report was overseen by Gail Harrison, University of
California, Los Angeles. Appointed by the National Research Council and
Institute of Medicine, she was responsible for making certain that an
independent examination of this report was carried out in accordance with
institutional procedures and that all review comments were carefully considered.
Responsibility for the final content of this report rests entirely with the authoring
committee and the institution.
It is apparent that many organizations and individuals from a variety of
clinical and scientific backgrounds provided timely and essential support for this
project. Yet we would have never succeeded without the efforts, skills, and
grace that was provided in large measure by Romy Gunter-Nathan, MPH, RD,
our study director for this project; Kimberly Stitzel, MS, RD, research associate;
Geraldine Kennedo, project assistant; Jaime Lanier, project assistant; Peter Keo,
project assistant; and Allison A. Yates, PhD, RD, director, Food and Nutrition
Board, Institute of Medicine.
Last, as chair, I express my sincere appreciation to each member of this
committee for their extraordinary commitment to the project and the wonderful
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ix
opportunity to work with them on this important task for the nutrition and policy
community and for the women and children of the WIC population whose care
we were asked to consider.
Virginia A. Stallings, MD
Chair, Committee on Dietary
Risk Assessment in the WIC Program