Table Of Content

DIAT HESIS IN THE SEMITIC LANGVAGES STUDIES IN SEMITIC LANGVAGES AND LINGUISTICS EDITED BY J. H. HOSPERS Professor of Semitic Languages and Literature and Archeology of the Near East in the University of Groningen XIV ]AN RETSÖ DIAT HESIS IN THE SEMITIC LANGUAGES DIAT HESIS IN THE SEMITIC LANGVAGES A COMPARATIVE MORPHOLOGICAL STUDY BY JAN RETSÖ E.J. BRILL LEIDEN • NEW YORK • K0BENHAV N • KÖLN 1989 Printed with grants-in-aid from Swedish Council for Research in the Humanities and Social Seiences Kungl. och H vitfeldtska Stipendieinrättningen Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Retsö, Jan. Diathesis in the Semitic languages: a comparative morphological study I by Jan Retsö. p. cm.-(Studies in Semitic languages and linguistics, ISSN 0081-8461; 14) Bibliography: p. Includes index. ISBN 90-04-08818-0 1. Semitic languages-Voice. 2. Arabic language-Voice. I. Tide. II. Series. PJ3041.R48 1988 492-dc19 88-39786 CIP ISSN 0081-8461 ISBN 90 04 08818 0 © Copyright 1989 by E. J. Brill, Leiden, The Netherlands All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or translated in any form, by print, photoprint, microfilm, microjiche or any other means without written permission from the publisher PRINTED IN THE NETHERLANDS BY E. J. BRILL CONTENTS Abbreviations of terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IX Preface ........................................... .............................. XI lntroduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XIII Problem and method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XIII Terminology ......... ................. .................................... xv Transcription . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XVI I. THE APOPHONIC pASSIVE IN ARABIC lntroduction 1 The passive construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Morphology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 The inner or apophonic passive in Arabic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 The drag-chain argument . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 The push-chain argument .. . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 The simplification argument . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 II. THE APOPHONIC PASSIVE MARKER IN SEMITIC General survey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 The original extension of the apophonic passive: arguments . . . . . 20 Origin of the apophonic passive: arguments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 The auxiliary argument . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 The qutal argument . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 The intransitive argument . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Evaluation of the arguments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Summary ..................................................................... 28 111. THE YUQTAL AS PASSIVE MARKER lntroduction 32 The yuqtal: general considerations ...................................... . 32 yuqtal-forms in Biblical Hebrew ......................................... . 33 Supposed yuqtal-forms in U garitic ...................................... . 38 The Amarna letters ............................................ 42 •••••••••••• The yuqtal-forms in BH, Ugarit and Byblos: Conclusi ns ....... . 46 VI CONTENTS IV. THE SEMITIC CAUSATIVE CONJUGATION Introduction 49 The Semitic causative conjugation: Preliminary .................... . 52 The non-augmented imperfect of the CCj ........................... . 53 The elision hypothesis: Hebrew ..................................... . 53 The elision hypothesis: Aramaie ..................................... . 56 The elision hypothesis: Gecez ........................................ . 57 The elision hypothesis: Arabic ....................................... . 59 The haplology argument .............................................. . 60 The non-elision argument ............................................. . 60 yaqtil in Amoritic ........................................................... . 62 yaqtil and the CCj: Preliminary conclusion .......................... . 66 The maqtil participle ....................................................... . 68 The differentiation of the CCj imperfect: the Hebrew hi:fil ..... . 71 Differentiation of the CCj: attentuation .............................. . 71 I wly verbs ................................................................... . 74 Northwest Semitic ...................................................... . 74 Gecez ....................................................................... . 76 The yqtl/ 'qtl in U garitic ................................................... . 78 The CCj imperfect: summary .......................................... . 79 The morphological origin of the CCj perfect in Semitic .......... . 80 The unitary origin hypothesis ........................................ . 80 The separate origin hypothesis I: f/s versus hl' .................. . 81 s- The separate origin hypothesis II: versus h- versus ' ....... . 83 The '-affix ................................................................ . 83 The .SI s-affix .............................................................. . 84 The h-affix ................................................................ . 85 Conclusions on the augmented CCj forms ........................... . 86 The CCj in Semitic: a diachronic synthesis ......................... . 86 Excursus I: the CCj in South Arabian ............................... . 90 Excursus II: Iw6' verbs in South Arabian ........................... . 92 Excursus III: the CCj in Phoenician .................................. . 93 V. THE CAUSATIVE CONJUGATION IN ARABIC Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 The CCj in Vernacular Arabic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 Thematic CCj in VA ........ .............. ... ................ ..... ..... 105 The s-augment in VA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 The North Arabian A-B dialects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . 106 Irregular distribution of the a-augment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 Excursus: Iwly imperfects in VA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . 109 CONTENTS VII The CCj in VA/HA: explanations ....... ............... ................ 110 The CCj in Middle Arabic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114 Pre-MA evidence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 The function of the qatall'aqtal in the 'Arabiyya . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122 The yaqtillyuqtil form in Modern Standard Arabic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124 The CCj and the connection HA-VA.................................. 127 The Arabic CCj in a Semitic perspective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130 The st-stem . .. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 Excursus: the verbs 'give' and 'come' in VA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 VI. THE lMPERFECT pASSIVE MARKER OF THE G-STEM IN SEMITIC Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 The reemployment of yuqtal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 The connection yuqtal-jaqtil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140 The morphology of the imperfect PM in Semitic in general . . . . . 141 The Gt stem as PM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142 The nG and the yuqtal PM ........ .................................... 143 The yuqtal and the CCj . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 The tG PM ................................................................ 148 The ttG stem as PM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 150 The distribution of the nG and tG/ttG and its background . . . . . . . 153 The t-forms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 The n-forms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154 The passive construction and the subjectless construction . . . . . . 155 The ultimate origin of the yuqtallyiqtal imperfect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157 The i and u prefix vowels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 The yuqtallyiqtal as PM in VA: solution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160 Transformations of the yuqtallyiqtal forms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163 Excursus: Frequencies of stems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163 VII. THE ÜTHER pASSIVE MARKERS IN SEMITIC The PM in the perfect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165 The qatzl versus qutallq util . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165 qutal/ quttal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166 qutal conjugations in other Semitic Ianguages: J'äl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170 The qutal as PM: summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 2 The qutill huqtil as PM: survey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 72 The origin of the qutil/ huqtil pattern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 7 4 The treatment of the u-u- sequence in Semitic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 7 5 VIII CONTENTS qi:l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178 qül . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180 qitil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180 qitil forms in Hebrew . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184 yqattallm qattal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 7 The origin of the yqattal imperfect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193 VIII. SuMMARY AND CoNCLUSIONS Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195 Concluding remarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196 Appendix I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206 Appendix II . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223 Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236 General index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250 Index of forms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253 ABBREVIAT IONS OF TERMS AC Active construction AM Active marker ASA Ancient South Arabian BAr Biblical Aramaie BH Biblical Hebrew CA Classical Arabic CCj Causative conjugation EC Ergative construction ES East Syriac HA '' Hocharabisch'' I Ar Imperial Aramaie ("Reichsaramäisch") IE Indo-European IH Israeli Hebrew ]PAr J ewish Palestinian Aramaie K Ktiv MA Middle Arabic MH Mishnaic Hebrew MSA Modern South Arabian OAr Old Aramaie PC Passive construction PM Passive marker aPM Apophonic passive marker dPM Derived passive marker Q Qre SA Standard Arabic SC Subjectless construction TAr Talmudic Aramaie VA V ernacular Arabic WS West Syriac

ebook img

Diathesis in the Semitic Languages: A Comparative Morphological Study PDF

272 Pages·1997·13.391 MB·
by  Jan Retsö
#
Save to my drive
Quick download
Download

Download Diathesis in the Semitic Languages: A Comparative Morphological Study PDF Free - Full Version

by Jan Retsö| 1997| 272 pages| 13.391|

Download Diathesis in the Semitic Languages: A Comparative Morphological Study by Jan Retsö in PDF format completely FREE. No registration required, no payment needed. Get instant access to this valuable resource on PDFdrive.to!

Free Download PDF

About Diathesis in the Semitic Languages: A Comparative Morphological Study

No description available for this book.

Detailed Information

Author:Jan Retsö
Publication Year:1997
ISBN:9789004088184
Pages:272
Language:
File Size:13.391
Format:PDF
Price:FREE
Download Free PDF

Safe & Secure Download - No registration required

Why Choose PDFdrive for Your Free Diathesis in the Semitic Languages: A Comparative Morphological Study Download?

  • 100% Free: No hidden fees or subscriptions required for one book every day.
  • No Registration: Immediate access is available without creating accounts for one book every day.
  • Safe and Secure: Clean downloads without malware or viruses
  • Multiple Formats: PDF, MOBI, Mpub,... optimized for all devices
  • Educational Resource: Supporting knowledge sharing and learning

Free Books Similar to Diathesis in the Semitic Languages: A Comparative Morphological Study

Frequently Asked Questions

Is it really free to download Diathesis in the Semitic Languages: A Comparative Morphological Study PDF?

Yes, on https://PDFdrive.to you can download Diathesis in the Semitic Languages: A Comparative Morphological Study by Jan Retsö completely free. We don't require any payment, subscription, or registration to access this PDF file. For 3 books every day.

How can I read Diathesis in the Semitic Languages: A Comparative Morphological Study on my mobile device?

After downloading Diathesis in the Semitic Languages: A Comparative Morphological Study PDF, you can open it with any PDF reader app on your phone or tablet. We recommend using Adobe Acrobat Reader, Apple Books, or Google Play Books for the best reading experience.

Is this the full version of Diathesis in the Semitic Languages: A Comparative Morphological Study?

Yes, this is the complete PDF version of Diathesis in the Semitic Languages: A Comparative Morphological Study by Jan Retsö. You will be able to read the entire content as in the printed version without missing any pages.

Is it legal to download Diathesis in the Semitic Languages: A Comparative Morphological Study PDF for free?

https://PDFdrive.to provides links to free educational resources available online. We do not store any files on our servers. Please be aware of copyright laws in your country before downloading.

The materials shared are intended for research, educational, and personal use in accordance with fair use principles.

We use cookies

We use cookies to ensure you get the best browsing experience on our website. By clicking "Accept Cookies", you agree that we can store cookies on your device in accordance with our Terms and Privacy.