Table Of ContentTThhee LLeepipdiopdteorpoltoegircaollSoocgieitycal Society ooff JJaapapnan
utlwh 71},otAoGa 43{2)[ l20-128,June199Z
Descriptions of genitalia of two Japanese species of the genus Arichanna
(Lepidopte rGeao,metridae )w,ith male genital musculature and taxonomic
comments on the subgenus Ibterodes
SatoshiHAsHIMoTO
Natural Histor yMuseum and Institu tCeh,iba ,955-2 ,Aoba-cho, Chuo-ku, Chiba ,260 Japan
Abstract The male and female genitalia of A. meinnaria and A, j'qguamn'a are described and
figure dwith a key based on the genitalia .The male genital musculature and taxonomic
comrnents on kterode sare also given.
Key words Geometridae, Arichanna, IL'terode sg,enitalia ,male genital musculature.
Arichanna Moere, 1868 ,is a large genus comprising fiv esubgenera and about 90 described
species, and is mainly distribut eidn Southeast Asia. The firs tsubdivision of this genus
was made by Hampson (1895 ).He and Prout (191 5d)ivide dArichanna into three sections
or subgenera, Arichanna s. str., It'teiod eBsutler and RhylZlzbma asLeech, by the male
secondary sexual characters such as antennal and hind tibia lstructures, respectively.
Wehrli (193 31,939) used the male genita lcharacters for the diviso nof the genus Arichanna
and established the present clas$ification, He subdivided the genus into six subgenera,
An'channa s. str,, Ibterode sButler, IViyllab7L (Lxecezcsh, Ikerictero cWiaersren, lipicterodes
Wehrli and Diclyodea Wehrli, based on the combination of the male antennal and genital
structures. But, his arrangement of the species into each subgenus did not always depend
on the above characters. In his studies of Nepal Himalayan species of Arichanna, Inoue
(197 0m)entioned that Wehrli' streatment must be critically reconsidered by observing
female genitalia and he (1987 )treated the subgenus Dicb)oct eaas a junio rsubjective
synonym of the genus Alcts Curti s,Sato (1987 s)tudied the imrnature stages of three
Japane ssepecies, A. tetric a(Butle Ar.) ,melLznan'a (Linnae uansd) A, 1'agua7zzr i(aGuenee),
and suggested that there are considerable differenc ebsetween them. He also indicated
that the studies of the larva lcharacters are needed for the revision of the genus, Thus it
is disputabl ewhether each subgenus of the genus Arichanna deserves generic rank or not,
From Japan ,only fiv especies are known;three of them, A, tetric a(Butle rA),,
P}tyeiz zLreiecah and A. albomacularia Leech, beiong to the subgenus Arichanna ,and the
remaining two, A. melanaria (Linnae uasnd) A. iagua7u r(iGauenee )t,o the subgenus
Ibterodb s.Since no detaile dstudies on the genital structures of Japanes sepecies have been
done so far ,I examined the genitalia and male genital musculature of A. melanaria, and A.
1'crguararia , The present paper provides the descriptio nosf the genitalia of A, melanaria
and A. 1aguararia with a key and figure s.The taxonomic comments on the subgenus
Jcterodes and the rnale genital musculature are also given.
Genus ArichannaMoore
Aricha7zna Meore, 1868, Proc. 2ool. Soc .Lond. 1867 : 658.
Type-species: ScotosiapiagijlaWmalker, 1866,ListSPecimenlsePidi.nsectsCollnBr.Mus.35:1686,
NII-Electronic Library Service
TThhee LLeepipdiopdteorpoltoegircaollSoocgieitycal Society ooff JJaapapnan
Genitalia and Male Genita lMusculatur eof lirterodes 121
Figs. 1-2. An'clzanna spp., male genitalia ,dorsal view. 1. melanaria ; 2.icrguaran'a.
Subgenus Butler
]lbterodes
Icterod eBsutler ,1878, Utust .(yt)i cEaSlpecimens Lopid. Hlaterocem Colln Bx n4zts .2 / ix.
Type-specie si RhJPan' ahatern aButler, IS78, Illus tm.pz'c aSlPecime nLsePid. Heteroce7u CoUn Br. Mzts.
2: 53, pl. 37, fig .9,
RhJti>an'HaUbner, [18251]816, Vexz.behannlerSchmett.:305. A juniohromonym RhJf)ariHaUbner,
of
[l82 01]816 (Lepidopt Aerrctai,idae),
Type-species iPhalaena nzeinnaria Linnaeus, 1758, S)' sIVtt.z t(.Edn 10} 1: 521.
HbmiPyrrh aGrote ,1896, Proc .ent. Soc .Lond. 1896: XV. The objective replacement narne for Rh)pan'a
HUbner, [1825].
Type-specie s: Rlzalaena melanaria Linnaeus, 1758, Sys tM.iL (Edn 10) 1: 521,
NII-Electronic Library Service
TThhee LLeepipdiopdteorpoltoegircaollSoocgieitycal Society ooff JJaapapnan
122 Satoshi IIAsHtpt{oTo
Figs.3-4. Ariehanna spp., male genitalia ,latera lview, 3. melanan'a; 4. .i[rgtzai7zria.
1. Description Ibterodes
of external genitalia of
Male genitali a(Figs.1- 19T)eg,umen rounded. Tegumen and vinculum strongly fused
each other, sclerotized latera]l yand formed a complete ring. Uncus triangle in ventral
view, curving ventrally and with a bifurcate tip. Socii not developed. Gnathii well
developed, fused each other ventrally, with a ventral projection covered with small protu-
berances. Juxta narrow except rounded base , Valva sirnple without any projections
excepti ampulla and transtill a;sacculus slender, weakly sclerotized, about 3/5 lengt hof
harpelying
valva on ventro-proximal part ; at mesal portion of valva, weakly sclerotized,
with short hairs ; ampulla protruded ventrally, lying dorso-posterior tloy harpe, with many
curved spines, Phallu salmost as long as valva, with or without cornutus ; right terminal
end of phallus divide dinto two parts by a longitudin aglroove, one of which is spatulate and
the other is spinous.
Female (Figs.20-23C)o.rpus bursae
genitalia membranous, with or without signum.
Ductusbursae Ductus basal
membranous, with many granules, seminalis originating on
ductusbursae. Lamella developed developed,Papillae
part of postvaginalis or not
dorsal
anales small ; part of papillae anales widely membranous,
2. Male
genital musculature
The number of muscles are mainly based on Forbes (1939 a)nd Birket-Smith (1974 ),The
male musculature system of the subgenus ibterode sis basically similar to that of genera of
NII-Electronic Library Service
TThheLee piLdeoppteirdoloopgitcaelrSooclieotygical Society oofJfap anJapan
GenitaliaandMale GenitalMusculatureof kterodes 123
9
m.1
-4AJ,llfi'.`Lrt:..t.-A..
- th-
--h--=-:A'-s"---src7 11 12
.5
m.5
Figs.5-8 .A. melanan'a, male genitalia. 5. tegumen, dorso-later avliew; 6. gnathii,
ventral view ; 7 .tip of gnathii, later avliew ; 8, saccus and juxta d,orsal view.
Figs .9-13 .A.iaguarari am,ale genitalia .9. uncus, ventro-lateral view; 10. tegu-
men, latera lview ; 11, gnathii, ventral view ; 12. tip of gnathii, latera vliew ;
13. saccus and juxta ;dorsal view,
NII-Electronic Library Service
TThhee LLeepipdiopdteorpoltoegircaollSoocgieitycal Society ooff JJaapapnan
[24 SatoshiHAsHIMO'rO
Figs.14-15. An'chanvea spp., right valva, inner view. 14. meidenan'a;15. 1'aguaiuria.
the Boarmia group,
m. 1 (tegumen-unc u: sa) large muscle (Fig s1, .2 and 9) ,arising on dorsal part of tegumen
inserted
and on ventral edge of uncus.
m. 2 <tegumen-subscap :h ai uslmen)der muscle (Fig s1 .and 2) ,taking it sorigin on anterior
ridge of tegumen and inserted on proximal part of subscaphium.
m. 3 <tegumen-transt :i la lraat)her thin muscle (Fig s5 .and 10) ,arising on anterior ridge of
tegumen and inserted on dista elnd of transtilla.
m.4 {tegumen-transti lal maas)s:ive muscle (Figs ,an5d le) ,arising on latera lpart of
tegumen and inserte don basal part of transtill a.The muscle m.4 is usually present
between the vinculum and the transtill aof valva in the ditrysia nLepidoptera, but a
corresponding muscle is sometimes between the tegumen and the transtill ain the subfamily
Ennominae, In the condition that the tegumen is articulated with the vinculum flexibl ays
in Lomagmpha temevata ([Den i&s SchiffermUller a]nd) Oumpteisa xnivea Butler ,m. 4 arises
on the vinculum. However, in the genitalia whose tegumen and vinculum are firml yfused
each other laterally m,,4takes it origin en the latera plart of the tegumen, not on the dorsal
part of vinculum.
m. 5 (juxta-har p: ea) large muscle (Fig s8. and 13--15 ),arising on juxt aand inserte don
proximal part of harpe which is weakly sclerotized. According to Birket-Smith (1974 m.),
5 is the intrins ivcalve muscle running from the sacculus to the harpe . But, in some
I DilQphodes (Butler)A,Pocleora (Butler),
ennomines examined, e,g, elegans rimosa
Phthonosema tendinosari a(Bremer )and Alds angulijZ?va (Butle rt)he, attaching site of m. 5
moves from the sacculus to the juxta .Kuznetsov and Stekolniko v(1987 i)ndicate dthat
the movement of the attaching site of m, 5 (the imr. 7) occurred within the subfamily
Ennominae.
m. 6 (vinculum-pha : lal luosn)g muscle (Fig s3 .and 4) ,taking its origin on proximal part
of aedeagus and inserted on dorso-lateral part of vinculum.
m.7 (saccus-pha lla ulsa)rg:e muscle (Figs .a3nd 4) ,arising on ventral part of saccus and
NII-Electronic Library Service
TThhee LLeepipdiopdteorpoltoegircaollSoocgieitycal Society ooff JJaapapnan
Genitali aand Male Genita lMusculaturc of Ibterodes 125
17
18
Figs .16-17 .A. melanaria, phallus . I6. whole aspect; 17. right terminal end,
Figs. 18'19. A,1'agoraran' ap,hallus, 18. terminal end; 19. whole aspect,
inserted on mid-dorsal part of phallus.
m.8 (saccus-juxta )l:arage muscle (Figs ,an8d 13) ,arising on dista lpart of saccus and
inserte don juxta.
3. Taxonomic
comments
Japanens especies of the subgenus foterod ehsave many similarities in the male genital
apparatus, but fernales have few similarities except the ductus bursae having many
granules and the small papillae anales which are common in the Ennominae. The sub-
genus Iicterod eiss closely related to the subgenus Eipictefode sin the male and female genital
characters, but differ sfror nit by the weakly sclerotized harpe. fcteroct esis also distin-
guished from the subgenus Arichanna by the slender and weakly sclerotized sacculus and
from subgenera RPzyllabvaxa sand Ikerictero dbeys the small swelling ampulla. In the female
genitalia, Ibterodes and El)icterod deisffe rfrom them in the following point ; corpus bursae
with or without a irregula srhaped signum in lbterode asnd El)icterod ebsu,t corpus bursae
with a circular or subcircular signum surrounded b) rspines in other subgenera. However,
it is doubtfu lwhether ftrterod esis a rnonophyletic entity or not, because any genital
characters mentioned above are considered to be not aut4pomorphic.
Holloway (197 6r)ecorded two Arichanna species, A, inacuima Moore, type-species of
the subgenus Dictyodea ,and Ai ,nigrt12zscinta (Warren )f,rom Mt, Kinabalu ,North of Borneo,
under the subgenus Ibterod es(hi ssection), and illustrate dtheir male genitalia . But, the
finger-lik eampulla and bifurcat jeuxt ain his figures are not congruent with the character-
istic sof male genitalia of An'channa . Inoue (198 7t)ransferred them from An'channa to
NII-Electronic Library Service
TThhee LLeepipdiopdteorpoltoegircaollSoocgieitycal Society ooff JJaapapnan
126 SatoshiHAsHiMoTo
2
Figs.20-22. A. melanan'a, female genita]ia. 20 .whole aspect; 21. Iamell apost-
vaginalis, ventral view; 22 .signum.
Fig .23. A. ]'[agzaara rfieam,ale genitalia ,whole a$pect.
Aicis Curtis ,1826 based on the form of antennal pectination ,forewing venation and
characteristic signa of female genitalia . His treatment is reasonable.
Key to Japanese species of lbterodes based on genitalia
1. Ventro-caudal projectio nof gnathii short;valvula with many wrinkles;terminal
spinous projection of phallus long; cornutus present, Corpus bursa ebulbous ,with a
signum ････････････-･･････････････-･･････-･Arichanna (Ibterod emelsan)aria (Linnaeus)
-, Ventro-cauda lprojection of gnathii long ; valvula without wrinkles ; terminal spinous
projection of phallus short ; cornutus absent. Corpus bursae cylindroid without signum
･･-････-･･･J･･････････････-･-･･-+･･････+････Arichanna (1icte,vdes) (GuenEe)
J'qgztczizz ria
Arichanna(lbterodes) (Linnaeus)
melanaria
Rltalaena melanan'a Linnaeus ,1758, 51y' sItV.iz t(.Edn 10 )1: 521.
Male genitalia (Figs.1,3,5-8,1 4a,nd16 17) . Gnathii (Fig. 6f)used each other ventro-
caudally, with a short and rounded ventro-caudal projection (Fig 7.) covered with many
small and rounded protuberances. Saccus (Fig. 8t)apering. Juxta narrow except
rouncled base as in Fig. 8. Valva (Fig 1.4) slender ; ampulla developed as a simple protru-
NII-Electronic Library Service
TThhee LLeepipdiopdteorpoltoegircaollSoocgieitycal Society ooff JJaapapnan
Genitalia and )vTal eGenital rv{usculatur eof lbterode s 127
sion, with many curved spines ; valvula with many wrinkles. Phallu s(Fig s1,6-17) with a
long spinous projection and a spatulate sclerite at right terminal end ; cornutus as in Fig.
16.
Female genitalia {Fig s2.0-22) . Corpus bursae bulbous ,membranous, with a signum (Fig,
22)atrightside. Ductusbursaemembranous,withmanygranules. Lamellapostvaginalis
(Fi g21,) recognized as a large sclerite plate.
Specimen sexamined. 1di 2?, Tsukide, Ichihar aC., Chiba PreL, 8. VI, 1991 (S .Hashi-
moto) ; 1 cin, Kiyosumi, Amatsukominato T,, Chiba Pref. ,27. V, 1990 (S ,Hashimoto).
Remarks. A. melanaria is distinguish efdrem A. j'crgzta7a rbiyn the characters given in the
key. Japanes emelanaria is divide dinto two subspecies, one of them is betern (aButler),
type-species of Ibterod eBsutler (1878 )th,e other is askoldinaria (Oberth UrT)h.e former
subspecies here deal twith is known from Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku and Kyushu, and the
latterisknown from Tsushima Is,,inJapan.
Arichanna (lttero idcb rsztg)ar.aria (Guenee)
RhJPan' a1'uguavan'a Guenee, 1857, in Boisduval & Guen6e ,Hist. naL insecte s(Lepid 1.0) : 198.
Male genitalia (Fig s2., 4, 9--13 ,15, 18 and 19) .Gnathi i(Fig 1,1) fused each other ventrally,
with a long and pointed ventro-caudal projection (Fi g1.2) covered with many small and
pointed protuberance son upperside. Saccus (Fig.l 3r)ounded. Juxta as in Fig.13,
Valva (Fig 1,5) slender ; valvula without wrinkles, Phallus (Fig s1.8 and 19) with a tiny
spinous projectio nand a spatulate sclerite at terminal end.
Female genitalia (Fi g2.3). Corpus bursae membranous, cylindroid, without any signum.
Ductus bursae with many granules. Lamella postvaginalis not developed.
Specimens examined. 2\, Mt, Takago, Kimitsu C., Chiba Pref. ,8. VII, 1990 (S .Ha-
shimoto);4 cin 4 \, Fudago, Kimitsu C. ,Chiba Pref. ,28. VI. 1990 (S .Hashimoto);7 di,
Kojin, Wakayama Pref. ,9. VII. 1984 (S .Hashimoto) ; 1 - 1 4, Shioir iK,agawa Pref. ,6.
VII.1979 (S.Hashimoto).
Remarks, A. iaguara rfiaall sinto two subspecies, gnschkevitchii (Motschulsk ykn)own
from Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku and Kyushu, and diminula Inoue known from Yaku-
shima Is. The specimens studied here belong to the subspecies gaschkevitchii (Motschul-
sky),
Acknowledgment
I am rnuch indebte dto Dr, H. Inoue of the Otsuma Women's Universit yfor his kind advice
and critical reading of the manuscript,
References
Birket-Smith, S. J. R,, 1974. Morphology of the male genitalia of Lepidoptera I .Ditrysi aE.nt. scand. 5 :
1-22,
Butler ,A,G,, 1878, lllztst,ut iovf ,Czlspt) i$(bzielcime nosf LopidoPtenz fibteroce imn the CoUectio nof tke
Bn'tis hilfuseor}n. Part 2: i-x, 1-62, pls. 21-40.
Forbes ,W.T.M., 1939. The muscles of the lepidopterous male genitalia ,Ann. ent. Soc ,Am. 32: 1-10.
NII-Electronic Library Service
TThhee LLeepipdiopdteorpoltoegiroaollogical SSoooiceityety ooff JJaapapnan
128 Satoshi HAsHIMoTO
Hampson ， G． F．，1895． T］te Fauna 〔ゾBritis lhndia incgzadi nCgeyto nand Burma． Moths 3：i−xviii 、1−546．
Holloway， J． D．，1976． MotJis Of Borneo， with special Referenc eto Mount Kinabalu， viii十132 pp．，32 pls．
Kuala LumPur．
Inoue， H ．，1970． Geometrida∈ f eastern Nepal based on the collection of the lepidopterologica lresearch
expedition to Nepal Himalaya by the Lepidopterologi cSa〔l〕clety of Japan in l963． Part I． Si）ec．
BttlL gepid． Soc．ノ4かan 4：203−239．
，1987， Geometridae of eastern Nepal based on the collectiQn of the lepidopterologica lresearch
expedition to Nepal Hilnalaya by the Lepidopterologlcal Societ yofJapan inユ963， Part ll．l Bul！． Fac．
domest． Sci． Otsuma ”iOM ． Univ，23：215−270、
K u znLeetpsidoQv，p tVe．r1a， ．a］n d TAnt． dAy． Svstesek． oenltn． ikOob，vs1h9c8h．7，69［：P1a0r9a．l．1l2e7li（simn oRfu stshiea env）o，lution of male genital apparatus of
Moore ， F，，1868． On the lepidopterous insect osf Benga1． Proc．2001． Soc． Lond ．1867：612−686， pls．32−33，
Prout， L． B．，1915． In Seitz， A ．（ed ．）， Gross−Schmetterlinge der Erde 4；249−320． Stuttgar．t
Sato， R ，1987， Geometridae． 加 Sugi， S．（ed，）， Larvae げ larger Moth6’勿 初 ）an ：81−82， pl．33， Kodansha ，
Tokyo ．
’ ’
、 Ve．h．．r・EE．一l．pni一it， cE． t，Z．e，ユr：91， o39dF93er，3s a．s ng加ON． fenSu ．，αee P．i atMArz， ri．Att／t4e，e7nr （ご：e廨udn2d．9s） −， W3RGa1arr，sor4s∬0e．−，− n4 uSdn2cde，hr4m P7eGht−a5t／t1e・lt．rlulainbngr gAt exndx eucLrhsea neEncarhde） aM4uos（o smurepeipnle（rA．）n： Sc2ha5amn4nm−a2l6u2 n．s g． Sstt（ruG．te， toIgmcaetrte．）trrd，t e−Ls eBpuitdl，），，．
摘 要
目本産 Arichanna 属 2種の交尾器の 記載 とfcterodes亜属の 雄交尾器筋肉系と亜属の 分類学上
の コ メ ン ト （橋本里志）
Arichanna属は，5亜属 約 90種の記載種か らなる人きな群であり，主に東南アジ アに分布してい る．
日本か らは 5種が知 られ，A ． tetric（aButler）キジマ エ ダシ ャ ク，！4．力型8耀 磁 Leech プ ライヤ＝ ダシ ャ
ク，A． albomacularia Leech シ ロ ホ シ エ ダシ ャ クの 3種etoArichanna 亜属に， A ． melanaria （Lin−
naeus ）キ シ タエ ダシ ャ ク と A．ノ4gz観襯 ガα （Guen6e）ヒ ョ ウモ ン ； ダシ ャ ク の 2種は lcterodes亜属に
属する，本論文で は，Icterode tshmaに属する 2 種の 交尾器の 記載を行っ た、さらに， Icterode亜s 属の
雄交尾器筋肉系を記載 し 亜属の 分類学上の コ メ ソ トを記した．
，
Icterodes亜属の雄交尾器筋肉系は， エ ダシ ャ ク亜科の Boarmia group の 筋肉系と基本的に同一で あ
り，筋肉m ．4 の 付着部位が vinculum か らtegumen に m 5の 付着部位が valva の sacculus か ら
，
juxta
に移動する とい う特徴が観察された．
Icterode亜s 属は雌雄交尾器の 形質に おい て， Epicterodes亜属に近縁であるが，雄交尾器の harpeが
強く硬化しない ことに より，Epicterode亜s 属か ら区別される． A Ticizanna 亜属か らは，硬化の程度が
弱く細長い sacculus によ り， Phyllabrdura亜s属とParicterod亜es属か らは，コ ブ状の ampulla を持つ
こ とによ り，それぞれ区別 される．
Icterodes亜属に属する口本産2種の雄交尾器は互い に似て い るが，雌交尾器で は か な りの 違い が見
られた ，しか も，雄交尾器に見 られ る類似は，本亜属の 固有新形質で はない と考えられ 本亜属が単系
，
統群であるか どうか は疑問である．
（Accepted February 27，1992）
Published by tbe Lepidoptero毘ogical Societ yof Japan，
c〆〔〕Ogata Hospital，2−17， Imabashi 3−chome ， Chuo−ku， Osaka 541 Japan
，
一
NNI工I工-EElleoetcrotniroonic LLiibrbarryary Service
