Table Of ContentDemocracy: A Very Short Introduction
VERY SHORT INTRODUCTIONS are for anyone wanting a stimulating
and accessible way in to a new subject. They are written by experts, and have
been published in more than 25 languages worldwide.
The series began in 1995, and now represents a wide variety of topics
in history, philosophy, religion, science, and the humanities. Over the next
few years it will grow to a library of around 200 volumes- a Very Short
Introduction to everything from ancient Egypt and Indian philosophy to
conceptual art and cosmology.
Very Short Introductions available now:
ANCIENT PHILOSOPHY CONTINENTAL PHILOSOPHY
Julia Annas Simon Critchley
THE ANGLO-SAXON AGE COSMOLOGY Peter Coles
John Blair CRYPTOGRAPHY
ANIMAL RIGHTS David DeGrazia Fred Piper and Sean Murphy
ARCHAEOLOGY Paul Bahn DADAAND SURREALISM
ARCHITECTURE David Hopkins
Andrew Ballantyne DARWIN Jonathan Howard
ARISTOTLE Jonathan Barnes DEMOCRACY Bernard Crick
ART HISTORY Dana Arnold DESCARTES TomSorell
ARTTHEORY Cynthia Freeland DRUGS Leslie Iversen
THE HISTORYOF TH E EARTH Martin Redfern
ASTRONOMY Michael Hoskin EGYPTIAN MYTHOLOGY
ATHEISM Julian Baggini Geraldine Pinch
AUGUSTINE HenryChadwick EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY
BARTHES Jonathan Culler BRITAIN PaulLangford
THE BIBLE John Riches THE ELEMENTS Philip Ball
BRITISH POLITICS EMOTION Dylan Evans
Anthony Wright EMPIRE Stephen Howe
BUDDHA Michael Carrithers ENGELS Terrell Carver
BUDDHISM DamienKeown ETH ICS Simon Blackburn
CAPITALISM James Fulcher THE EUROPEAN UNION
THE CELTS Barry Cunliffe John Pinder
CHOICETHEORY EVOLUTION
Michael Allingham Brian and Deborah Charlesworth
CHRISTIAN ART Beth Williamson FASCISM Kevin Pass mo re
CLASSICS Mary Beard and THE FRENCH REVOLUTION
John Henderson William Doyle
CLAUSEWITZ Michael Howard FREUD AnthonyStorr
THE COLD WAR GALILEO Stillman Drake
Robert McMahon GANDHI BhikhuParekh
GLOBALIZATION PLATO Julia Annas
Manfred Steger POLITICS Kenneth Minogue
HEGEL Peter Singer POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY
HEIDEGGER Michael Inwood David Miller
HINDUISM KimKnott POSTCOLONIALISM
HISTORY John H.Arnold Robert Young
HOBBES Richard Tuck POSTMODERNISM
HUME A.J. Ayer Christopher Butler
IDEOLOGY Michael Freeden POSTSTRUCTU RALISM
INDIAN PHILOSOPHY Catherine Belsey
Sue Hamilton PREHISTORY Chris Gosden
INTELLIGENCE Ian J. Deary PRESOCRATIC PHILOSOPHY
ISLAM Malise Ruthven Catherine Osborne
JUDAISM Norman Solomon PSYCHOLOGY Gillian Butler and
JUNG Anthony Stevens Freda McManus
KANT Roger Scruton QUANTUMTHEORY
KIERKEGAARD Patrick Gardiner John Polkinghorne
THE KORAN Michael Cook ROMAN BRITAIN PeterSalway
LINGUISTICS Peter Matthews ROUSSEAU Robert Wokler
LITERARY THEORY RUSSELL A. C. Grayling
Jonathan Culler RUSSIAN LITERATURE
LOCKE John Dunn Catriona Kelly
LOGIC Graham Priest THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION
MACHIAVELLI Quentin Skinner S. A. Smith
MARX Peter Singer SCHIZOPHRENIA
MATHEMATICS Timothy Cowers Chris Frith and Evejohnstone
MEDIEVAL BRITAIN SCHOPENHAUER
John Gillingham and Christopher Janaway
Ralph A. Griffiths SHAKESPEARE Germaine Greer
MODERN IRELAND SOCIAL AND CULTURAL
Senia Paseta ANTHROPOLOGY
MOLECULES Philip Ball John Monaghan and Peter Just
MUSIC Nicholas Cook SOCIOLOGY Steve Bruce
NIETZSCHE Michael Tanner SOCRATES C. C.W.Taylor
NINETEENTH-CENTURY SPINOZA Roger Scruton
BRITAIN Christopher Harvie and STUART BRITAIN John Morrill
H. C. G. Matthew TERRORISM Charles Townshend
NORTHERN IRELAND THEOLOGY David F. Ford
Marc Mulholland THE TUDORS John Guy
PAU L E. P. Sanders TWENTIETH-CENTURY
PHILOSOPHY Edward Craig BRITAIN Kenneth O. Morgan
PHILOSOPHYOFSCIENCE WITTGENSTEIN A. C. Grayling
SamirOkasha WORLD MUSIC Philip Bohlman
Available soon:
AFRICAN HISTORY HIEROGLYPHS
John Parker and Richard Rathbone Penelope Wilson
ANCIENT EGYPT Ian Shaw HIROSHIMA B. R.Tomlinson
THE BRAIN Michael O'Shea HUMAN EVOLUTION
BUDDHIST ETHICS Bernard Wood
Damien Keown INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
CHAOS Leonard Smith Paul Wilkinson
CHRISTIANITY Linda Woodhead JAZZ Brian Morton
CITIZENSHIP Richard Bellamy MANDELA Tom Lodge
CLASSICAL ARCHITECTURE MEDICAL ETHICS
Robert Tavernor Tony Hope
CLONING ArleneJudith Klotzko THE MIND Martin Davies
CONTEMPORARY ART MYTH Robert Segal
Julian Stallabrass NATIONALISM Steven Crosby
THE CRUSADES PERCEPTION Richard Gregory
Christopher Tyerman PHILOSOPHYOF RELIGION
DERRIDA Simon Glendinning Jack Copeland and Diane Proudfoot
DESIGN JohnHeskett PHOTOGRAPHY
DINOSAURS David Norman Steve Edwards
DREAMING J. Allan Hobson THE RAJ DenisJudd
ECONOMICS Partha Dasgupta THE RENAISSANCE
THE ENDOFTHE WORLD Jerry Brotton
Bill McGuire RENAISSANCEART
EXISTENTIALISM Thomas Flynn Geraldine Johnson
THE FIRST WORLD WAR SARTRE Christina Howells
Michael Howard THESPANISH CIVIL WAR
FREEWILL Thomas Pink Helen Graham
FUNDAMENTALISM TRAGEDY Adrian Poole
Malise Ruthven THETWENTIETH CENTURY
HABERMAS Gordon Finlayson Martin Conway
For more information visit our web site
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Bernard Crick
DEMOCRACY
A Very Short Introduction
OXFORD
UNIVERSITY PRESS
OXPORD
UNIVERSITY PRESS
Great Clarendon Street, Oxford ox2 6op
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in the UK and in certain other countries
Published in the United States
by Oxford University Press Inc., New York
© Bernard Crick 2002
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Database right Oxford University Press (maker)
First published as a Very Short Introduction 2002
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced,
stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means,
without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press,
or as expressly permitted by law, or under terms agreed with the appropriate
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Oxford University Press, at the address above
You must not circulate this book in any other binding or cover
and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
Data available
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Data available
ISBN 13: 978-0-19-280250-7
ISBN 10: 0-19-280250-X
5 7 9 10 8 6
Typeset by RefineCatch Ltd, Bungay, Suffolk
Printed in Great Britain by
Ashford Colour Press Ltd, Gosport, Hampshire
Contents
List of illustrations viii
Introduction 1
I The word and the deed 7
2. The place from where we started 14
J Republicanism and democra
4 Comme disait M. de Tocqueville 58
J Democracy and populism 69
D The conditions of modern democracy 91
/ Democratic citizenship 104
Further reading 121
Index 127
List of illustrations
1 Delacroix's La Liberte 7 Tocqueville: title page of
guidant le peuple 4 the first English edition
Reunion des Musees Nationaux of his masterpiece 61
British Library 8009.bbb.24
2 The goddess Minerva, the
Roman manifestation of 8 Abraham Lincoln, study
Athena, patron and by Matthew Brady,
protector of Athens 17 1863 70
Bath City Council © Bettmann/CORBIS
3 Nineteenth-century 9 Cartoon of Gladstone
image of a centurion on and Disraeli from
Hadrian's Wall 26 Punch 74
Bridgeman Art Library, London Hulton Getty
4 Machiavelli 37 10 Woodrow Wilson meeting
© Ted Spiegel/CORBIS Congressmen, by
Max Beerbohm 84
5 Thomas Jefferson 46 Woodrow Wilson Collection,
© Bettmann/CORBIS Department of Rare Books and
Special Collections, Princeton
6 Rousseau inspired by University
Nature; Robespierre
inspired by action 53 11 Christabel Pankhurst in
National Gallery of Scotland; Trafalgar Square 93
© Stefano Bianchetti/CORBIS Mary Evans Picture Library
12 Nelson Mandela voting 13 The Berlin Wall,
in South Africa, 27 April 8 November 1989 116
1994, 105 © Peter Turnley/CORBIS
© Peter Turnley/CORBIS
The publisher and the author apologize for any errors or omissions
in the above list. If contacted they will be pleased to rectify these at
the earliest opportunity.
