Cosmological evolution in brane-worlds with large transverse dimensions: Inflation and dark matter

132 Pages·2006·1.018 MB·English

by  Panotopoulos, G

University of Crete
Department of Physics
Cosmological evolution in brane-worlds
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Inflation and dark matter
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A Doctoral Dissertation

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G. Panotopoulos
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Heraklion, Greece, April 2006

Grigoris Panotopoulos
Cosmological evolution in brane-worlds
with large transverse dimensions:
Inflation and dark matter
A Dissertation
submitted to the Department of Physics, University of Crete
in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of
Doctor of Philosophy in Physics
Heraklion, Greece, April 2006

Cosmological evolution in brane-worlds with large
transverse dimensions: Inflation and dark matter
Thesis author Grigoris Panotopoulos
Thesis supervisor Prof. T. N. Tomaras
Thesis committee T. N. Tomaras
E. Kiritsis
I. Antoniadis
N. Tsamis
A. Petkou
P. Ditsas
N. Papanicolaou
N. D. Kylafis
Department of Physics, University of Crete
Heraklion, Greece
2006

Contents
Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vi
Abstract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Gauge Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2 Fermion Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.3 Higgs/hierarchy Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.4 Strong CP Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.5 Graviton Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.6 Dark sector problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.7 The brane-world idea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
PART I: The Theoretical Framework 7
2 The brane-world scenario 8
2.1 Randall-Sundrum localization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2.2 Brane-Induced gravity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
2.3 Randall-Sundrum plus brane–induced gravity . . . . . . . . . 12
3 Preliminaries 13
3.1 The Standard Model of particle physics and supersymmetry . 13
3.1.1 The SM of particle physics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
3.1.2 Basics of Supersymmetry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
3.2 The Standard Model of Cosmology, the early Universe and inflation 26
3.2.1 The SM of cosmology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
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3.2.2 The early Universe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
3.2.3 Inflation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
PART II: Cosmological evolution, inflation and dark matter in brane cosmology 57
4 Axino dark matter 58
4.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
5 Sneutrino inflation 67
5.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
5.2 Sneutrino inflation in a GB brane-world . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
5.2.1 GB brane-world . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
5.2.2 Chaotic inflation in a GB brane-world . . . . . . . . . 71
5.3 Reheating, gravitino production and leptogenesis . . . . . . . 74
5.3.1 Reheating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
5.3.2 Gravitino production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
5.3.3 Direct leptogenesis from sneutrino decay . . . . . . . . 77
5.4 Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
5.5 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
6 D-term inflation 82
6.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
6.2 D-term inflation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
6.3 Effective gravitational equations on the brane . . . . . . . . . 85
6.4 Inflationary dynamics on the brane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
6.5 Reheating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
6.6 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
7 Brane-Bulk energy exchange 93
7.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
7.2 The model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
7.3 Critical point analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
7.4 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
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8 Conclusions 107
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List of Figures
6.1 Reheating temperature T versus the superpotential coupling λ for M = 1010 GeV and
R 1
6.2 Reheating temperature T versus the Fayet-Iliopoulos term ξ for superpotential coupling
R
7.1 Influx, w = 0, ν < 3/2. The arrows show the direction of increasing cosmic time. The dotted
7.2 Outflow, w = 1/3, ν < 3/2. The arrows show the direction of increasing cosmic time. The
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