Table Of ContentCONTINUING & CHANGING PRIORITIES OF ASME BOILER &
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PRESSURE VESSEL CODES AND STANDARDS O
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T From the writers of
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K. R. Rao, Editor IN
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This comprehensive work written by ASME Codes & Standards experts was originally published as part H
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of Volume 3 of the Companion Guide to the ASME Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code. This fully updated and N CONTINUING & CHANGING PRIORITIES OF
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expanded volume is now a stand-alone publication that addresses Continuing and Changing Priorities
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for the success of current and next generation Nuclear Reactors and Internals, License Renewal, Public G
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Safety, and PRA issues. R ASME BOILER &
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This book has four parts, the first dealing with continuing priorities of ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel I
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Codes and Standards and the remaining three parts dealing with changing priorities of the Code. E
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The first part has 13 chapters written by 15 distinguished code authorities with updated information O
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pertaining to continuing priorities. Distinctive in this part is the inclusion of new contributors who have A PRESSURE VESSEL
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added unique perspectives to the material that was first published in the third edition of the Companion M
Guide. Likewise the authors who previously updated the material in the third edition have contributed E
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additional information. A new chapter on “seismic protection for pressure piping systems” reflects the O
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importance of the topic especially in regard to aging nuclear reactors. E
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Three distinctive parts of the book address changing priorities of ASME B&PV Codes and Standards. P
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These are: “Changing Priorities;” “Lessons Learned;” and “Future Discussions.” E
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In Part 2, “Changing Priorities,” there are nine chapters by 11 contributors who are not only Code experts S
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but also recognized authorities in the topics covered by them. Part 3, “Perspectives of Lessons Learned,” R
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has eight chapters by 11 authoritative contributors who are also distinguished in the topics addressed by V
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them. In light of the aging nuclear reactors in operation in the U.S. and around the world and the need S
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for new reactors, it is appropriate to synthesize the expert experiences relating to selected topics. Part E
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4, “Future Discussions,” is the culmination of the current thinking process for the use of nuclear energy C
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for power generation. This part has two chapters written by five authors with recognized expertise in the D
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subject matter. S
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A unique feature of this publication is the inclusion of all author biographies and an introduction that
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synthesizes every chapter, along with an alphabetical listing of indexed terms. T
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Rao
Two Park Avenue
New York, NY 10016, USA
www.asme.org
Continuing & Changing Priorities of
ASME Boiler & Pressure Vessel
Codes and Standards
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DITOR
K. R. R
AO
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Reprinted with revisions October 2014.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Rao, K. R., 1933-
Continuing & changing priorities of ASME boiler & pressure vessel codes and standards / K.R. Rao.
pages cm
Revision of volume 3 of the Companion guide to the ASME boiler & pressure vessel code.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-0-7918-6019-9 (alk. paper)
1. Steam-boilers—Standards. 2. Pressure vessels—Standards. I. American Society of Mechanical Engineers. Boiler and Pressure Vessel
Committee. ASME boiler and pressure vessel code. II. Companion guide to the ASME boiler & pressure vessel code. III. Title.
TJ289.R37 2014
621.1’830218—dc23
2014017076
D
EDICATION
This book is dedicated to “one hundred years of boiler code activ- volunteers with the support of several dozen ASME staff. These
ity” that started with the efforts of pioneers who are pictured volunteers meet and deliberate every three months for a period of
below. Essentially their foresight and deliberative acumen resulted one week. It is appropriate to recognize these volunteers and staff
in the current boiler code activity that ensures safety, consensus by dedicating this publication to these group of individuals whose
and continuity of changes. efforts are reflected by the use of boiler and pressure vessel codes
This book that captures continuing and changing priorities of and standards around the globe so that “the sun never sets on the
the ASME Boiler Vessel Codes and Standards is mainly due to ASME Boiler Vessel Codes and Standards”.
the efforts of over 1,000 ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code
(Source: “100 Years The ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code”, by Gerry Eisenberg, p. 25, Winter, 2014 National Board Bulletin,
National Board.org.)
A
CKNOWLEDGEMENTS
It is befitting that this stand-alone publication of Continuing their best updates for the completion of this saga. Past contribu-
and Changing Priorities of Boiler and Pressure Vessel (B&PV) tions for the chapters in this part by Kaihwa R. Hsu, Timothy J.
Codes and Standards by ASME Press would follow the 100th Griesbach, Pete Ricardella, Sidney A. Bernsen, Fredric A.
Anniversary of B&PV Codes and Standards which was recently Simonen, Kenneth R. Balkey, Raymond A. West, John T. Land
celebrated at Hyatt Regency, Seattle from May 9th through May and Masahiko Kaneda are appreciated. Replacement contributors
15th 2014. Keith E. Schwab, Masanori Onozuka, William L. Server who
The use of ASME B&PV Codes and Standards and the scope agreed for updating chapters of this Part are immensely appreciated.
and extent of the third edition of the “Companion Guide” had vastly It is worth highlighting the extra-mile that Hardayal Mehta took
increased, resulting in a “mammoth” 2,550 page book spread in to update three of the chapters of this part. James Phillip
three volumes. The editor in the Acknowledgements to the third Ellenberger is a new contributor whose write-up for a chapter in
edition paid tribute to the authors who had helped him since the this part is appreciated.
first edition and whose expertise enriched the chapters they To capture the lessons learned can be extremely challenging,
authored. Several of them were not merely contributors to the especially if it covers familiar turf of the nuclear power genera-
monumental effort, but were in several ways not only the stan- tion. In PART 3: CHANGING PRIORITIES of B&PV CODES
chions of the chapters they authored, but also ardent advisors from and STANDARDS: Perspectives Lessons Learned has additional
the onset of this effort. The editor in the third edition acknowl- chapters contributed by James C. Sowinski, David A. Osage,
edged the efforts of those contributors, who participated from the Gary Park, John F. Grubb, C. Wesley Rowley, Douglas A. Scarth,
very beginning and mentioned “. . . to them the editor salutes for Chip H. Eskridge, Joseph F. Ball, Deepak Rao, Chakrapani
their signal contribution, direction and continued support.” Basavaraju and Jimmy E. Meyer. It is extremely gratifying to note
This book has four distinct parts, the first being PART 1: CON- the efforts of these contributors to unravel the gray areas of
TINUING PRIORITIES of B&PV CODES and STANDARDS. B&PV Codes and Standards.
Several of the contributors such as C. Wesley Rowley, Late The last part, PART 4: CHANGING PRIORITIES of B&PV
Marcus N. Bressler, David E. Olson, W. J. O’Donnell, Michael A. CODES and STANDARDS – Future Discussions, was selected to
Porter, Stephen R. Gosselin, Frederick J. Moody, William J. address what is not exactly “within the box.” Such topics were
Koves, Ronald S. Hafner, and Alan Murray befit the recognition covered by Jose N. Reyes, Daniel Ingersoll, Alexander W.
for their effort as continuing contributors from the previous edi- Harkness, James A. Mahaffey, Brad Nelson, and Irving Zatz,
tions, “who had a remarkable influence on shaping this mammoth whose notable contributions are thankfully acknowledged.
effort, few of them from the very beginning to this stage.” In this For any publication such as this which has no parallel, search
category of individuals editor places on record the unstinted sup- for contributors can be painstaking. The editor acknowledges the
port provided by Everett C. Rodabaugh, Anibal L. Taboas, Tony advice of Chakrapani Basavaraju, Stephen Gosselin, Timothy
Williams, and Rafael G. Mora who had not contributed to this Griesbach, Kunio Hasegawa, John T. Land, Hardayal Mehta,
publication but whose efforts in the previous editions were updated Jimmy Meyer, D. Keith Morton and Richard W. Swayne.
in the current publication by the contributors who took over this My thanks are especially to my wife, Indira Rao B.Sc. (Hons),
onerous task. For this Part 1 of the book editor acknowledges the M.Sc., M.S., Ph.D., for the sustained support in my editorial effort
efforts of replacement contributors such as Richard Stevenson, and participation in several chores at every stage of this book and
Anthony W. Paulin Jr., Thomas C. Esselman and Harold E. her efforts are gratefully acknowledged. In addition, I appreciate
Adkins who had agreed to revise the chapters requested of them. her tolerating my working on it during several vacations.
An additional chapter included in this book primarily because The editor thanks the staff of ASME Technical Publications for
of the reputation of the contributors as much as the pressing need their continued patience, undivided support and focused effort in
of the times has been authored by Chakrapani Basavaraju aiming once again at this publication’s target of zero tolerance for
and Mohinder L. Nayyar to whom the editor expresses his errors and omissions. My personal appreciation as editor is to Ms.
appreciation. Mary Grace Stefanchik and Ms. Tara Collins Smith for their
The second part, PART 2: CHANGING PRIORITIES of untiring efforts, even on business trips and vacations to keep the
B&PV CODES and STANDARDS, has chapters addressed by line of communication active in the publication of this book that
continuing contributors such as Marty Parece, Hardayal S. Mehta, was initiated on 8th February 2013.
William J. O’Donnell, Donald S. Griffin, P. T. Kuo, Glenn A. Finally, the editor thanks all of you, readers and users of this
White and Ralph S. Hill III. Editor appreciates these contributors Continuing and Changing Priorities of B&PV Codes and
who continued from the previous editions to zealously provide Standards and hopes it serves the purpose of this publication.
C B
ONTRIBUTOR IOGRAPHIES
ADKINS, HAROLD E. and the performance of components using state-of-the-art proba-
bilistic assessment techniques.
Mr. Harold E. Adkins is a Senior Research
Mr. Balkey is vice chair, ASME Codes and Standards Board of
Engineer in Fluid and Computational
Directors (June 2008 – June 2011), a member of the ASME Board
Engineering Group at Energy & Environ-
on Nuclear Codes and Standards, past vice president, Nuclear
ment Directorate. He has BS & MS,
Codes and Standards (June 2005 – June 2008), and past chair,
Mechanical Engineering Degrees from
ASME Board on Nuclear Codes and Standards (June 2005 – June
University of Wyoming. Harold Adkins
2008). Mr. Balkey also served as a senior technical advisor to the
currently provides technical leadership and
ASME Innovative Technologies Institute LLC, providing consul-
program management on US Nuclear
tation on the development of guidance for Risk Analysis and
Regulatory Commission and Department
Management for Critical Asset Protection (RAMCAPTM) and
of Energy programs. In his capacity as the NRC Spent Fuel
working with the U.S. Department of Homeland Security. His
Assistance project manager, he leads a multi-discipline team of
honors include ASME’s Dedicated Service Award (1991), the
analysts responsible for performing advanced thermal-hydraulic
Bernard F. Langer Nuclear Codes and Standards Award (2002),
and nonlinear structural evaluations of commercial spent nuclear
the Melvin R. Green Codes and Standards Medal (2008), and sev-
fuel transport, transfer, and storage systems, both for normal and
eral other awards from ASME, Westinghouse, and other institu-
extra regulatory/vulnerability conditions. Harold has over 18
tions. Mr. Balkey earned B.S. and M.S. degrees in Mechanical
years of thermal-hydraulic and structural analytical experience
Engineering at the University of Pittsburgh. Mr. Kenneth R.
and serves as a key computational, analytical, and experimental
Balkey is a Registered Professional Engineer.
contributor in both fields. Harold serves as PNNL’s liquid metal
Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) based Annular Linear Induction
Pump technology expert with over 15 years of experience in this
field and has provided support to NASA/JPL regarding the Jupiter BALL, JOSEPH F.
Icy Moons Orbiter program (AKA, Project Prometheus). Harold
Mr. Ball has worked for The National
also provided support to NASA’s Fission Surface Power Program,
Board of Boiler & Pressure Vessels Inspec-
regarding liquid metal pump analysis and design. Before transfer-
tors for his 34 year career and is currently
ring to his current group, he began his career at PNNL in 2000
the Director of the Pressure Relief Depart-
when he joined the International Security and Nonproliferation
ment for the organization. He is responsi-
group, providing engineering support to development programs
ble for department activities including
for large caliber concept munitions, die casting technologies, and
acting as the ASME Designated Organi-
non-lethal acoustic technologies. Prior to coming to the Lab,
zation for all non-nuclear pressure relief
Harold provided consulting services in the field of thermal
Code stamps, management of the National
hydraulics for Q-Metrics, Inc. out of Kirkland Washington, and
Board capacity certification program, test laboratory oversight
Westinghouse Hanford Company in Richland.
and the National Board’s VR pressure relief valve repair program.
He is a 26 year member of the ASME Subcommittee on Safety
Valve requirements, and also sits on the PTC-25 committee, the
BALKEY, KENNETH R. Sub Group on Overpressure Protection for Section III, and the
Section XI Committee on Nuclear Inservice Inspection. He has a
Kenneth R. Balkey is currently a Con-
B.S.E.E. from Purdue University and is a Registered Professional
sulting Engineer in Nuclear Services, with
Engineer in the State of Ohio.
Westinghouse Electric Company in
Pittsburgh, PA with over 36 years of ser-
vice in the nuclear power industry. Mr.
BASAVARAJU, CHAKRAPANI
Balkey provides consultation and advises
technology developments related to Codes Basavaraju received Ph.D. in Mechanical
and Standards and critical asset protection Engineering from Texas A&M University.
initiatives. He performed and directed reli- He is a Registered Professional Engineer
ability and risk evaluations for nuclear and non-nuclear struc- and an ASME fellow, a member of Design
tures, systems and components over his lengthy career. He has & Analysis Technical committee of PVP
produced more than 100 publications and documents relating to division, member of the ASME B&PV
risk evaluations of the integrity of piping, vessels and structures, Code Section III Subgroup Design Working
viii • Contributor Biographies
Group Piping Design, Working Group Design Methodology, and the US Army (1952) where he served as an Industrial Hygiene
Special Working Group on HDPE Piping. He published 22 techni- Engineer; the Babcock & Wilcox Company (1955), where he held
cal papers. He was a contributing author to Chapter B4 and the positions of Engineering Draftsman, Stress Analyst, and
Appendix E2 of Piping Handbook, 7th Edition published by Boiler Division Materials Engineer; Gulf & Western Lenape
McGraw Hill Book publishing Company, N.Y. He was also a con- Forge Division (1966) where he became Senior Design Engineer,
tributing author in updating Chapters 6 and 7 of ASME Companion and Taylor Forge Division (1970) as Product Development
Guide, 4th Edition published by the ASME, N.Y. He has over 30 Manager. At Lenape Forge he developed a design for a quick-
years of experience. He is on the technical staff of Mechanical and opening manway for pressure vessels and piping that was granted
Civil Engineering Branch of the Division of Engineering, Office of a patent in 1971.
Nuclear Reactor Regulation (NRR) at the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Mr. Bressler began his activities in Codes, Standards and
Commission (NRC). Materials in 1960. He has been a member of the ASME B&PV
Standards Committee since 1979 to 2009, and is now a member
of the Technical Oversight Management Commitee. He is a
BERNSEN, SIDNEY A. member and past Vice Chair of the Committee on Nuclear
Certification. He is a member of the Standards Committees on
Dr. Bernsen, earned his B.S.M.E. in 1950, Materials and on Nuclear Power, the subgroup on Design
M.S.M.E. in 1951, and Ph.D. in 1953, from (SCIII), the special working group on Editing and Review
Purdue University. He has been involved in (SC III), the Boards on Nuclear Codes and Standards and on
nuclear power activities for over 50 years, Conformity Assessment. He is the Chair of the Honors
initially at Argonne National Laboratory and and Awards Committee (BNCS). Mr. Bressler is a member of
subsequently with Bechtel Corporation. At the ASTM Committees A-01 and B-02 and many of their
Bechtel he held a variety of positions includ- subcommittees.
ing Chief Nuclear Engineer and Manager Mr. Bressler holds a BME degree from Cornell University
of Quality Assurance for Bechtel Power (1952) and an MSME degree from Case Institute of Technology
Corporation. Since retirement from Bechtel, after more than (1960). In 1989 he received a Certificate of Achievement from
30 years, he has provided consulting services and has remained Cornell University for having pursued a course that, under today’s
active in ASME Nuclear Codes and Standards. Dr. Bernsen requirements, would have resulted in a Master of Engineering
served as the initial Chair of the ASME Committee on Nuclear degree. He was awarded the ASME Century Medallion (1980),
Quality Assurance (NQA) and is now an honorary member of and became a Fellow of ASME in 1983. He is now a Life Fellow.
the NQA committee. He received the 1992 ASME Bernard F. Langer Nuclear Codes
Dr. Bernsen, was a founding member of the ASME Board on and Standards Award. and is the 1996 recipient of the ASME J.
Nuclear Codes and Standards (BNCS) and has continuously Hall Taylor Medal. He received the 2001 ASME Dedicated
served on BNCS since its inception. He was the initial Chair of Service Award. He is a Registered Professional Engineer in the
the ASME Committee on Nuclear Risk Management and com- State of Tennessee (Retired).
pleted his second term in 2004. During his tenure, the committee
completed and published the first issue of this Standard in April
2002 and the first addendum was published in December 2003.
CHANG, KENNETH C.
Through his long career, including extensive involvement in
licensing and safety, as well as his work in coordinating the devel- Dr. Chang is a registered professional engi-
opment and approval of the Nuclear Risk Management Standard, neer and received his Ph.D. in applied
he has obtained valuable insight into nuclear risk related activities mechanics from the Department of Mech-
and how they are being and may be applied in the future to ASME anical Engineering, University of Calif-
Codes and Standards. Dr. Bernsen, an ASME Fellow, has been ornia, Berkeley. Through his technical and
involved in Codes and Standards for over 35 years. management career at Westinghouse, he
has been involved in the design, analysis,
and construction of nuclear power plant
systems, structures and components, and
ASME Section Code development for more than 34 years. Dr.
BRESSLER, MARCUS N.
Chang is a renowned professional in the field of fatigue design,
Mr. Bressler is President of M. N. structural dynamics, and aging managing for ASME Class 1 com-
BRESSLER, PE, INC., an engineering ponents, and authored over twenty-five technical papers and pro-
consulting firm founded in 1977, specializ- fessional presentations. He is a key participant in the development
ing in codes and standards, quality assur- of the new review and audit process for aging management
ance, design, fabrication, inspection and reviews (AMRs) and aging management programs (AMPs) for
failure analysis for the piping, power, license renewal applications (LRAs) at USNRC and conducted
petroleum and chemical industries. He has several training on the subject. Dr. Chang retired as a branch chief
over 54 years of experience. He joined of License Renewal Division responsible for performing on-site
TVA in 1971 as Principal Engineer and audits and reviews for the new LRAs. In that capacity he was also
was promoted in 1979 to Senior Engineering Specialist, Codes a staff member planning for the guidance documents update,
Standards and Materials. He took early retirement in 1988 to open involving industry participation, for more efficient preparation and
up a private consulting practice. His previous experience was with review of LRAs.
CONTINUING AND CHANGING PRIORITIES OF THE ASME BOILER & PRESSURE VESSELCODES • ix
DEBOO, GUY H. Calculations and several technical papers. He is an educator, hav-
ing taught High School Physics, Pipeline Stress Analysis. He par-
Guy DeBoo has a B.S. Mechanical Engi-
ticipated at several Technical Seminars in US, UA Emirates and
neering from Northwestern University,
Mexico. His other interests and activities include being Chairman
1976 and M.S. Mechanical Engineering
County Historical Commission, TX and Chaired Committee for
from University of Illinois, 1986. His pro-
School District, IA.
fessional experience from 1995 to present
is as Senior Staff Engineer, Common-
wealth Edison, Senior Staff Engineer with
Exelon Nuclear and with Sargent & Lundy ESKRIDGE, CHIP
Engineers 1976 to 1995. During his
Mr. Eskridge has over 30 years of experi-
24 years in nuclear power generation, DeBoo has worked on
ence in the petrochemical and power
major nuclear design projects including design, inspection and
industries. He is currently a Technology
testing phases.
Manager for Mechanical Equipment and
Mr. DeBoo’s recent experience includes fatigue, crack
Piping Systems for the Jacobs Engineering
growth, flaw stability analyses and operability for power plant
Group. He earned his BSChE from the
components. He supervised functionality and operability evalu-
University of Kentucky and MSChE from
ations of systems and components to address unanticipated
the University of Tennessee and is licensed
operating events or conditions, which do not meet inspection or
as a Professional Engineer in the Me-
test requirements. Mr. DeBoo provides engineering direction
chanical, Chemical, Metallurgical and Environmental disciplines
for design and operability evaluations of pressure vessels,
in Kentucky. He is the Chairman of the ASME B31.3 Process
piping and components and provides technical responses
Piping Code’s Subgroup on Fabrication, Examination, and
to NRC.
Testing, a Member of B31 Materials Technical Committee, a
He is a Member ASME B&PV Code Section XI, Secretary,
Member of API’s Pressure Relief Systems Committee, and a
WG Flaw Evaluation, and WG Pipe Flaw Evaluations. Guy is a
Governor appointee to the Kentucky Boiler/Pressure Vessel Safety
PE (Illinois), Member of National Society of Professional
Board. Chip spent 15 years with Bechtel Corp in the
Engineers.
Refinery/Chemical and Power Divisions, 5 years with Olin Corp,
His industry participation includes PVRC Technical Committee
and has been with Jacobs since 2001. He has published numerous
on Piping Systems; publications include “Position Paper on
articles in his field.
Nuclear Plant Pipe Supports,” WRC Bulletin 353, May 1990, and
a Tutorial on “An Integrated Approach to Address Engineering of
Operating Nuclear Power Plants Functionality and Operability
Criteria,” 1994, ASME PV&P Conference. ESSELMAN, THOMAS C.
Thomas Esselman is a Principal in LPI,
Inc., an engineering consulting company
ELLENBERGER, JAMES P.
that is headquartered in New York City. He
Mr. Ellenberger’s has a BSME Iowa State has worked in a wide variety of engineer-
University; he has Graduate Credit hours ing disciplines, including component and
from University of Iowa and University of structure performance, aging, stress analy-
Chicago. He is currently retired from BF sis, dynamics, seismic design and analysis,
Engineering and WFI International, Hous- mechanical design, thermo-hydraulics, ma-
ton. Previously he was Chief Engineer, terials, materials degradation, and failure
ENPRO Engineering Houston. He was analysis. Dr. Esselman was the Founder and previous President of
a Plant Supervisor at John Deere. At cor- Altran Corporation. Altran Corporation was an engineering con-
porate Level he was Senior Engineer sulting firm founded in 1986. Dr. Esselman was previously with
Ottumwa, Moline and at Clow Corporation he was a Plant Westinghouse Electric Corporation where he held the position of
Engineer, Oskaloosa, Iowa. Manager, Engineering Mechanics.
Mr. Ellenberger’s management responsibilities include Co- Dr. Esselman was Vice Chairman and Technical Program
Manager Engineering Products Clow Corporation, Westmont IL; Representative for Codes and Standards for the Pressure Vessel
GM Chisolm Boyd and White, Chicago IL, GM Continental and Piping Division of the American Society of Mechanical
Filters, Louisville KY, GM Summitt Tool, Clearwater FL. Engineers (ASME) and a member of the Pressure Vessel Research
Mr. Ellenberger was a Consulting Structural Engineer for resi- Council, Technical Committee on Piping Systems. He is the
dential constructions in Texas and various industries. Chairman of the Advisory Board for the Great Lakes Energy
Mr. Ellenberger’s professional qualifications include ASME, Institute at Case Western Reserve University.
B16 Vice-Chair Subcommittee C, Member Subcommittee F. He is Dr. Esselman was a Lecturer in the School of Engineering and
a member of ASME committees B31, B31.3 Design, B31 MDC, Applied Science at Harvard University. He is also a Research
B31.12 and B31 Fabrication. He is ISO Convener of Working Affiliate at MIT.
Group 10; Member of MSS, Chair Committee 113, previously He has a Ph.D. in Engineering from Case Western Reserve
Coordinating Committee-Chair and is currently a Board Member. University and an MBA from the University of Pittsburgh. Dr.
Mr. Ellenberger is an author of three technical Books - Boiler Esselman has authored or co-authored more than seventy
Code Simplified, Piping Code Simplified, Piping and Pipeline publications.
