Computer Aided Molecular Design: Theory and Practice

405 Pages·2002·18.78 MB·English

by  Luke E.K. Achenie

COMPUTER AIDED
MOLECULAR DESIGN:
THEORY AND PRACTICE
COMPUTER-AIDED CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
Advisory Editor: R. Gani
Volume 1: Distillation Design in Practice (L.M. Rose)
Volume 2: The Art of Chemical Process Design (G.L. Wells and L.M. Rose)
Volume 3: Computer Programming Examples for Chemical Engineers (G. Ross)
Volume 4: Analysis and Synthesis of Chemical Process Systems (K. Hartmann and
K. Kaplick)
Volume 5: Studies in Computer-Aided Modelling. Design and Operation
Part A: Unite Operations (1. Pallai and Z. Fony6, Editors)
Part B: Systems (1. Pallai and G.E. Veress, Editors)
Volume 6: Neural Networks for Chemical Engineers (A.B. Bulsari, Editor)
Volume 7: Material and Energy Balancing in the Process Industries - From Microscopic
Balances to Large Plants (V.V. Veverka and F. Madron)
Volume 8: European Symposium on Computer Aided Process Engineering-10
(S. Pierucci, Editor)
Volume 9: European Symposium on Computer Aided Process Engineering- 11
(R. Gani and S.B. Jorgensen, Editors)
Volume 10: European Symposium on Computer Aided Process Engineering- 12
(J. Grievink and J. van Schijndel, Editors)
Volume 11: Software Architectures and Tools for Computer Aided Process Engineering
(B. Braunschweig and R. Gani, Editors)
Volume 12: Computer Aided Molecular Design: Theory and Practice (L.E.K. Achenie,
R. Gani and V. Venkatasubramanian, Editors)
COMPUTER-AIDED CHEMICAL ENGINEERING, 12
COMPUTER AIDED
MOLECULAR DESIGN:
THEORY AND PRACTICE
Edited by
Luke E.K. Achenie
Computer Aided Process and Product Design Lab
Department of Chemical Engineering
University of Connecticut
191 Auditorium Road
Storrs, CT06269, USA
Rafiqul Gani
CAPEC, Technical University of Denmark
Department of Chemical Engineering
Building 229, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark
Venkat Venkatasubramanian
Laboratory of Intelligent Process Systems
School of Chemical Engineering
Purdue University
West Lafayette, IN 4 790 7-1283, USA
2003
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First edition 2003
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Printed in The Netherlands.
Preface
CAMD or Computer Aided Molecular Design refers to the design of
molecules with desirable properties. That is, through CAMD, one
determines molecules that match a specified set of (target) properties.
CAMD as a technique has a very large potential as in principle, all kinds
of chemical, bio-chemical, and material products can be designed through
this technique. It has become a mature technique and attracting more and
more researchers and finding increasing industrial applications. The
limitation, at this moment, is the ability to estimate the target properties
of the desired molecule.
The book mainly deals with macroscopic properties and therefore, does not
cover molecular design of large, complex chemicals such as drugs. The
methodology presented, however, would be applicable for such problems
provided the higher level molecular structural representation is integrated
with appropriate molecular structure-property relationships. While books
have been written on computer aided molecular design related to drugs
and large complex chemicals, a book on systematic formulation of CAMD
problems and solutions with emphasis on theory and practice which would
help one to learn, understand and apply the technique is currently
unavailable.
With this book, we have tried to put together the theoretical aspects
related to CAMD, the different techniques that have been developed and
the different applications that have been reported. We have highlighted
the applications through case studies.
We have grouped the chapters of this book into 3 parts - Part I: Theory,
Methods & Tools; Part II: Applications & Practice of CAMD; and Part III:
New Frontiers. Problem formulation and solution techniques are covered
in Part I by chapters 1-7. Applications and practice of CAMD in different
types of problems are highlighted in chapters 8-15 of Part II together with
descriptions of case study problems and their solution. Each case study
highlights the application of specific CAMD techniques. Part III contains
one single chapter (16) where we highlight the new frontiers (in our view)
and the future of CAMD.
We have targeted a mixed audience in this book. Specifically, we have
designed the book for scientists and engineers from industry who would
like to apply CAMD to solve their specific problems of interest. It is also
designed for educators from academia who would like to use it for teaching
as part of process/product design courses (including such courses as
separation processes). The book would be of interest to scientists and
engineers who would like to learn more about CAMD in addition to
vi
CAMD problem solutions. Finally, this book is intended for those who
would like to use it as the starting point to further develop and extend the
state of the art in CAMD.
We would like to thank all the contributing authors for their manuscripts
and for agreeing to make the necessary changes to accommodate the
content, format and style of this book. The contributing authors to the
various chapters of this book come from academia as well as industry.
They are among the leading researchers, developers and users of CAMD.
We hope the book will serve to promote further development of CAMD and
further interest from the industry to apply CAMD.
We thank the reviewers for their valuable comments and suggestions. We
thank Elsevier for their interest in this subject and for publishing this
book. We acknowledge the support, help and contribution of Prasanjeet
Ghosh, Santhoji Katare, Mette Dinsen and all our previous students and
coworkers who have contributed to the development of CAMD in general
and preparation of this book in particular. We also thank all the
companies who have shown interest in CAMD and supported our research
in this area.
We hope the readers of this book will find it an invaluable resource in
their research, development and educational activities. We also hope that
the book will generate enough interest and valuable feedback for future
editions.
Luke E. K. Achenie, Rafiqul Gani & Venkat Venkatasubramanian
List of contributors
Author Address
L. E. K. Ache nie University of Connecticut, Department of
Chemical Engineering, 191 Auditorium Road,
Storrs, CT 06269,
USA
C. S. Adjiman Department of Chemical Engineering and
Chemical Technology, Centre for Process
Systems Engineering, Imperial College of
Science, Technology and Medicine, Prince
Consort Road, London SW7 2BY, UK.
A. Apostolakou Department of Chemical Engineering and
Chemical Technology, Centre for Process
Systems Engineering, Imperial College of
Science, Technology and Medicine, Prince
Consort Road, London SW7 2BY, UK.
E. A. Brignole Planta Piloto de Ingenieria Quimica-PLAPIQUI
(UNS'CONICET), Camino La Carrindanga Km
7, 8000, Bahia Blanca Argentina.
A. Buxton Department of Chemical Engineering and
Chemical Technology, Centre for Process
Systems Engineering, Imperial College of
Science, Technology and Medicine, Prince
Consort Road, London SW7 2BY, UK.
J. M. Caruthers Laboratory for Intelligent Process Systems
School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue
University, West Lafayette, IN-47907, USA.
M. Cismondi Planta Piloto de Ingenieria Quimica-PLAPIQUI
(UNS-CONICET), Camino La Carrindanga Km
7, 8000, Bahia Blanca Argentina.
J. L. Cordiner Syngenta, Global Specialist Technology,
Grangemouth Manufacturing Centre, Earls
Road, Grangemouth, Stirlingshire, FK3 8XG,
United Kingdom
R. Gani CAPEC, Technical University of Denmark,
Department of Chemical Engineering, Building
229, DK'2800 Lyngby, Denmark.
P. M. Harper Integrated Process Solutions ApS, Solvgade
14B, 1307 Copenhagen K, Denmark
M. Hostrup Integrated Process Solutions ApS, Solvgade
14B, 1307 Copenhagen K, Denmark
A. Hugo Department of Chemical Engineering and
Chemical Technology, Centre for Process
Systems Engineering, Imperial College of
viii
Science, Technology and Medicine, Prince
Consort Road, London SW7 2BY, UK.
A. G. Livingston Department of Chemical Engineering and
Chemical Technology, Centre for Process
Systems Engineering, Imperial College of
Science, Technology and Medicine, Prince
Consort Road, London SW7 2BY, UK.
G. M. Ostrovski University of Connecticut, Department of
Chemical Engineering, 191 Auditorium Road,
Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
P. Patkar Laboratory for Intelligent Process Systems
School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue
University, West Lafayette, IN-47907, USA.
E. N. Pistikopoulos Department of Chemical Engineering and
Chemical Technology, Centre for Process
Systems Engineering, Imperial College of
Science, Technology and Medicine, Prince
Consort Road, London SW7 2BY, UK.
M Sinha Global Alternative Propulsion Center, General
Motors, Honeoye Falls, NY 14472, USA.
A. Sundaram ExxonMobil Process Research, Pauslboro, NJ
08066, U.S.A.
Vo Laboratory for Intelligent Process Systems
Venkatasubramanian School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue
University, West Lafayette, IN-47907, USA.
J. M. Vinson Pharmacia Corporation, 5200 Old Orchard Rd.,
Skokie, IL 60077, USA.
Contents Page
Preface
List of contributors vii
PART I: Theory, Methods & Tools
1. Introduction to CAMD
R. Gani, L. E. K. Achenie and V. Venkatasubramanian
2. Molecular Design- Generation & Test Methods 23
E. A. Brignole and M. Cismondi
3. Optimization Methods in CAMD - I 43
M. Sinha, L. E. K. Achenie and G. M. Ostrovski
4. Optimization Methods in CAMD - II 63
A. Apostolakou and C. S. Adjiman
5. Genetic Algorithms Based CAMD 95
P. R. Patkar and V. Venkatasubramanian
6. A Hybrid CAMD Method 129
P. M. Harper, M. Hostrup and R. Gani
7. Identification of Multistep Reaction Stoiehiometries" 167
CAMD Problem Formulation
A. Buxton, A. Hugo, A. G. Livingston and E. N.
Pistikopoulos
Part II: Applications of CAMD 211
8. CAMD for Solvent Selection in Industry- I 213
J. M. Vinson
9. CAMD for Solvent Selection in Industry- II 229
J. L. Cordiner
10. Case Study in Optimal Solvent Design 247
M. Sinha, L. E. K. Aehenie and G. M. O~trovskl
11. CAMD in Solvent Mixture Design 261
M. Sinha and L. E. K. Aehenie
12. Refrigerant Design Case Study 289
A. Apostolakou and C. S. Adjiman
13. Polymer Design Case Study 303
P. R. Pa tkar and V. Venka tasubramanian
14. Case Study in Identification of Multistep Reaction 319
Stoiehiometries
A. Buxton, A. Hugo, A. G. Livinggton and E. N.
Pi~tikopoulos
15. Molecular Design of Fuel Additives 329
A. Sundaram, V. Venkatasubramanian and J. M.
Caruthors