Computer- Aided Design in Power Engineering: Application of Software Tools

432 Pages·2012·9.97 MB·English

by  Zlatan Stojkovic (auth.)

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For
Danica, Tatjana, Dušan and Lea
CONTENTS
PREFACE 11
ACKNOWLEDGMENT 17
1. COMPUTER-AIDED MODELING AND
SIMULATION 19
1.1.Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
1.2.Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
1.3.Categories of approaches to modeling . . . . . . . . . . . 19
1.4.Phases of development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
1.5.The role of computers in modeling and simulation . . . . 21
1.6.Methodology of computer-aided modeling and simulation 21
1.6.1.Formulation of the problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
1.6.2.Analysis of the problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
1.6.3.Forming the mathematical model . . . . . . . . . . 24
1.6.3.1 General considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
1.6.3.2 General principles of good modeling . . . . 36
1.6.4.Selection of computerized methods . . . . . . . . . 49
1.6.5.Forming the program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
1.6.5.1 Development of the algorithm . . . . . . . . 51
1.6.5.2 Requirements for resources . . . . . . . . . . 54
1.6.5.3 Program characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . 54
1.6.6.Simulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
1.6.6.1 Aspects of performing simulation . . . . . . 86
1.6.6.2 Advantages of simulation . . . . . . . . . . 98
1.7.Supplement:GIC–softwaretoolforcalculatingtheground-
ing grid impulse characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
1.7.1.Purpose of the program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
1.7.2.Mathematical model of a grounding grid in an
impulse regime . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
1.7.3.Sequence of calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
1.7.4.Description of the software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
1.7.4.1 Defining the parameters for calculating
grounding grid impulse characteristics . . . 102
6 CONTENTS
1.7.4.2 Executing the calculation . . . . . . . . . . 106
1.7.4.3 Display of calculation results . . . . . . . . 106
1.7.5.Calculation examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
1.7.6.Input-output values and possible errors . . . . . . . 113
1.7.6.1 Input-output variables . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
1.7.6.2 Possible Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
1.7.6.3 Messages when working with the software
tool GIC. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
1.7.7.Using windows commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
1.7.7.1 Opening the program. . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
1.7.7.2 Appearance of screen with windows com-
mands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
1.7.7.3 Description of individual commands using
the help menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
LITERATURE 130
2. APPLICATION OF SOFTWARE TOOLS IN POWER
ENGINEERING CALCULATIONS 135
2.1.MATLAB(cid:2) /Simulink(cid:2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
2.1.1.Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
2.1.2.Basic groups of blocks in Simulink(cid:2) software∗ . . . 138
2.1.3.Additional module SimPowerSystemsTM∗ . . . . . . 142
2.1.4.ApplicationofMATLAB(cid:2)technicalcomputingsoft-
ware in calculation of characteristic values of fault
current . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
2.1.4.1 General considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
2.1.4.2 Calculation of characteristic values of the
fault current . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
2.1.4.3 CalculationprocessusingtheSimulink(cid:2) mod-
ule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162
2.1.5.SPLCADsoftwaretoolfordesigningmedium-voltage
overhead lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
2.1.5.1 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
2.1.5.2 Description of SPLCAD software tool and
an example of its application . . . . . . . . 169
2.1.6.Simulink(cid:2) modelofaturbineregulatorinthe”Kokin
Brod” hydroelectric power plant . . . . . . . . . . . 180
2.1.6.1 Generaldataonthehydroelectricpowerplant180
2.1.6.2 Modeling the ”Kokin Brod” HPP . . . . . . 180
2.1.6.3 Display of the ”Kokin Brod” HPP turbine
regulator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184
CONTENTS 7
2.1.6.4 Simulink(cid:2) model of turbine regulator . . . . 185
2.1.6.5 Comparativeanalysisofnumericallyandex-
perimentally obtained results . . . . . . . . 187
2.2.EMTP / ATP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188
2.2.1.Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188
2.2.2.Examples of calculations of overvoltages caused by
switching operations of the disconnector in metal-
enclosed SF gas insulated switchgears . . . . . . . 192
6
2.2.2.1 General considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . 192
2.2.2.2 Electromagnetic transient processes in sec-
ondary circuits of measurement transform-
ers in GIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
2.2.2.3 Calculation of growth of potential of the
metal enclosure of an SF gas insulated
6
switchgear caused by switching operations
of the disconnector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207
2.3.MS Excel / MS Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216
2.3.1.Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216
2.3.2.Application of databases in designing high-voltage
substations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219
2.3.2.1 Criteria for selection of high-voltage equip-
ment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219
2.3.2.2 Calculation of characteristic values of fault
current . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221
2.3.3.Applicationofdatabasesinselectionofhigh-voltage
equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226
2.3.3.1 Definition of database types . . . . . . . . . 226
2.3.3.2 Example of the application of MS Excel . . 228
2.3.3.3 Example of the application of MS Access . . 232
2.3.4.ApplicationofMSExcelmacrosfordesigninpower
engineering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238
2.3.4.1 Developing macros in MS Excel . . . . . . . 238
2.3.4.2 Examples of the application of macros . . . 241
2.3.5.Application of MS Excel in designing the power
supply of telecommunications equipment . . . . . . 246
2.3.5.1 Technical description of power supply with
direct voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246
2.3.5.2 Technical calculations . . . . . . . . . . . . 248
2.4.AutoCAD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255
2.4.1.Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255
2.4.2.Spatial (3D) model of a turbogenerator . . . . . . . 255
8 CONTENTS
2.4.3.Calculation of the moment of inertia of busbars . . 260
2.4.4.Designing lightning protection for general and spe-
cial purpose structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263
2.4.4.1 General considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . 263
2.4.4.2 Theoretical assumptions for calculation of
the protection level and protected zone . . . 264
2.4.4.3 Examples of calculations of the protected
zone for a general purpose structure . . . . 271
2.4.4.4 Example of calculation of protected zone
for a special purpose structure . . . . . . . . 274
2.4.5.Designing lightning protection for substations . . . 281
2.4.5.1 General considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . 281
2.4.5.2 Overview of the method for evaluating the
protected zone of substation as a special
purpose structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281
2.4.5.3 Example of calculation of protected zone
for substation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290
2.4.6.Designing lightning protection for overhead lines . 293
2.4.6.1 General considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . 293
2.4.6.2 Review of the method for calculating the
protected zone of overhead lines as struc-
tures with limited danger . . . . . . . . . . 295
2.4.6.3 Program organization . . . . . . . . . . . . 297
2.4.6.4 Examples of calculation of overhead line
shielding zone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300
2.4.7.Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303
LITERATURE 305
3. APPLICATIONOF SOFTWARE TOOLS IN DRAFT-
ING GRAPHICAL DOCUMENTATION 312
3.1.Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312
3.2.Graphical documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313
3.2.1.Electrotechnical graphic symbols . . . . . . . . . . 313
3.2.2.Types of electrical diagrams . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315
3.2.3.Marking of devices and connections in diagrams . . 321
3.3.EPLAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334
3.3.1.Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334
3.3.2.EPLAN concept . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334
3.3.3.Main functions of the CAE tool EPLAN
Electric P8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 336
3.3.4.Example of the application of EPLAN . . . . . . . 337
CONTENTS 9
3.4.ApplicationoftheprogramSIMARISDESIGNandSIMARIS
SIVACON for design and installation of low-voltage
switchgear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339
3.4.1.Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339
3.4.2.Application of the program SIMARIS DESIGN . . 340
3.4.3.Application of the program SIMARIS SIVACON . . 359
LITERATURE 367
4. APPLICATION OF SOFTWARE TOOLS IN POWER
ENGINEERING PROJECT MANAGEMENT 369
4.1.About projects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369
4.1.1.Definition of a project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369
4.1.2.Types of designs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369
4.1.3.Participants in realization of the project . . . . . . 371
4.1.4.Content of main design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377
4.1.5.Phases within the realization of the project from
the perspective of the investor . . . . . . . . . . . . 386
4.1.6.Types of contracts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 388
4.1.7.Example contract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 392
4.2.Basics of project management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395
4.2.1.Project cycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 396
4.2.2.Phases of project management . . . . . . . . . . . . 397
4.3.Examples of project management . . . . . . . . . . . . . 398
4.3.1.Application of the program MS Excel . . . . . . . . 398
4.3.1.1 Forming dynamic Gantt charts . . . . . . . 399
4.3.1.2 Description of activities . . . . . . . . . . . 400
4.3.2.Application of the program MS Project . . . . . . . 403
4.3.2.1 MS Project basics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403
4.3.2.2 Application of MS Project in the drafting
a complete project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405
4.3.2.3 Closing considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . 425
LITERATURE 427
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS 430
INDEX OF KEY WORDS 434
PREFACE
Adesign represents each process by which a goalor groupofgoals
isreached.Therealizationofadesignisinconceivablewithouttheuseof
a computer. Computer-Aided Design in Power Engineering represents
a vital engineering discipline which has been studied at the Faculty
of Electrical Engineering at the University of Belgrade for nearly two
decades. The use of computers in power engineering is elaborated upon
through the aspects of calculation, development of technical documen-
tation and project management.
Within the reformed studies at the Faculty of Electrical Engi-
neering at the University of Belgrade, the aspects of design and appli-
cationof software toolsaretaught within thebasic studies of thePower
Systems Department in the courses Computer-Aided Design in Power
Engineering, Workshop for Software Tools in Power Engineering and
Computer-Aided Design in Power Engineering Project, or within the
power systems doctoral studies program in the course, The Application
of Software Tools in Power Engineering.
A continuation of the previously realized monographic work –
”Computer-Aided Design in Power Engineering – Software Tools” is
the monographic work ”Computer-Aided Design in Power Engineering
–ApplicationofSoftwareTools”.Thisworkrelatestotheapplicationof
existing and independently developed software tools in solving a series
of problems from the field of designing power engineering structures
and systems. The material is presented in four chapters.
The first chapter relates to computer-aided modeling and simula-
tion in power engineering. The complex problems from the mentioned
area are displayed in an original and illustrative manner. By work-
ing through eleven original examples, the reader is led through all the
phases necessary in the procedures of computer-aided modeling and
simulation. The concepts of computer-aided modeling and simulation
are explained in the practical design examples along with the methods
for model development, the principles of carrying out computer-aided
simulation and the possible limitations. The entire procedure is shown
in a concise way, step by step, from the formulation and analysis of the
engineering problem, to the formation of the mathematical model, se-
lection of computer methods, formation of the program and execution
12 Preface
of the simulation. Special attention is given to the reasons for possible
errors in calculations.
With consideration of fact that engineers from the field of power
systems often develop software tools in practice, the required docu-
mentation which a software tool must contain has been displayed along
with the procedure for its testing. This chapter displays a software
tool for the analysis of grounding systems during the effects of impulse
current as an example of a software tool with all the necessary charac-
teristics to make it user friendly. This software tool was created using
the MATLAB(cid:2) technical computing software and the program Visual
C++.
Calculations represent an integral part of the design and are nec-
essary for the selection and verification of the characteristics of power
engineering equipment. The application of software tools in power en-
gineering calculations is elaborated upon in the second chapter. The
most significant programs used today in power engineering calculations
have been singled out from the multitude of what is available. These
programs are organized into four sections: MATLAB(cid:2), EMTP/ATP,
MS Excel & MS Access and AutoCAD.
The first section elaborates upon MATLAB(cid:2) which represents a
software tool for solving mathematical problems, analysis of data and
visualizations. This technical computing software dominates in univer-
sity centers, scientific research institutions and design firms throughout
theentireworldandisusefulinsolvingamultitudeofengineering prob-
lems. The application of this software tool is illustrated through three
examples from the engineering practice. In the first example, the char-
acteristic values of the fault current, necessary for equipment selection,
have been calculated using the additional Simulink(cid:2) software. The ap-
plicationofthissoftwareisdisplayedonapartofanequivalentcircuitof
a power system. The obtained results are discussed and compared with
the results obtained from the application of the classic procedure of
calculation. The second example displays the independently developed
software tool SPLCAD (Software Power Line Computer-Aided Design)
for designing medium-voltage overhead lines. The tool was developed
using the MATLAB(cid:2) technical computing software asthe development
platform for creating the user interface. Creating and working with
databases was achieved using software tools MS Access and MS Excel.
The third example presents a Simulink(cid:2) model of the turbine regulator
within the ”Kokin Brod” hydroelectric power plant. A section of the
comparative analysisofthenumerically andexperimentally determined
results for the elaborated turbine regulator is presented.