Computational Models of Argument: Proceedings of COMMA 2006

353 Pages·2006·3.39 MB·English

by  P.E. Dunne and T.J.M. Bench-Capon

COMPUTATIONAL MODELS OF ARGUMENT
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Computational Models of Argument
Proceedings of COMMA 2006
Edited by
Paul E. Dunne
Department of Computer Science, The University of Liverpool, UK
and
Trevor J.M. Bench-Capon
Department of Computer Science, The University of Liverpool, UK
Amsterdam • Berlin • Oxford • Tokyo • Washington, DC
© 2006 The authors.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system,
or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without prior written permission from the publisher.
ISBN 1-58603-652-1
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Computational Models of Argument v
P.E. Dunne and T.J.M. Bench-Capon (Eds.)
IOS Press, 2006
© 2006 The authors. All rights reserved.
Preface
The papers in this volume formed the programme of the 1st International Confer-
enceonComputationalModelsofArgument(COMMA),whichwashostedbytheDept.
ofComputerScienceofTheUniversityofLiverpoolfromSept.11th–12th,2006.This
conferenceoriginatedfromtheASPICproject1 fromwhichsignificantsupporthasbeen
received.Theorganisersarehappytotakethisopportunitytoacknowledgethecontribu-
tionofASPICtowardsarrangingthisinauguralmeetingofCOMMA.
Thefieldofargumentation,oncethepreserveoflinguisticandphilosophicalinves-
tigation,isnowrightlyseenasprovidingacoreapproachofgreatsignificancetomany
aspectsofArtificialIntelligence.AcentralchallengeforA.I.researchers,however,con-
cernshowbesttodevelopthelongestablishedbodyofworkfrommorespeculativedis-
ciplines,suchasphilosophicaltreatmentsofargumentandreasoning,intoeffectiveand
practicalcomputationalparadigms:oneaimofCOMMA,wellreflectedinthepaperscon-
tributingtothisvolume,hasbeentoengagewiththeissuesraisedbythischallenge.Thus
thetopicsaddressedrangefromformalquestionsinvolvingpropertiesofalgorithmsand
semantic models, through proposals for robust implementation of argumentation based
systems,toreportsofapplicationsbuiltonargumentationtechnology.
Itis,ofcourse,thecasethatthesuccessofanyconferencedependsnotonlyonthe
qualityoftheresearchpresentedbutalsoonthecontributionsofmanyotherindividuals.
TheorganisersaregratefultothemembersoftheProgrammeCommitteeandadditional
reviewerswhosedetailedreportsandsubsequentdiscussionsconsiderablyeasedthedif-
fulttaskofformingthefinalselectionofpapers.ItisalsoapleasuretothankKenChan,
PhilJimmiesonandDaveShieldfortheirworkinprovidingtechnicalsupportthroughout
theperiodfromtheinitialannouncementtotheconferenceitself,togetherwithThelma
Williamswhokepttrackofassortedbudgetandfinancialmatters.Inadditiontheeditors
appreciatetheeffortsofCarryKoolbergen,MaartenFröhlich,andPaulWeijofIOSPress
in promptly and efficiently handling the many questions that arose during the prepara-
tion of this volume. Finally, and by no means least, we thank Catherine Atherton who
maintainedtheconferencewebpagesaswellasdealingwithgeneralqueries.
June2006 PaulE.Dunne
TrevorBench-Capon
MichaelWooldridge
1EuropeanCommissionProject,IST-FP6-002307
vi
Organisation
OrganisingCommittee
GeneralChair: MichaelWooldridge,Univ.ofLiverpool
ConferenceChair: TrevorJ.M.Bench-Capon,Univ.ofLiverpool
ProgrammeChair:PaulE.Dunne,Univ.ofLiverpool
ProgrammeCommittee
LeilaAmgoud,IRIT AnthonyHunter,UCL
KevinAshley,Pittsburgh AntonisKakas,Cyprus
KatieAtkinson,Liverpool JürgKohlas,Fribourg
PietroBaroni,Brescia PaulKrause,Surrey
TrevorBench-Capon,Liverpool RonaldLoui,WashingtonUniv.inSt.Louis
IvanBratko,Ljubljana PeterMcBurney,Liverpool
GerhardBrewka,Leipzig NicolasMaudet,Paris-Dauphine
SimonBuckinghamShum,OpenUniv. SanjayModgil,CRUK
MartinCaminada,Utrecht MartinMozina,Ljubljana
ClaudetteCayrol,IRIT TimNorman,Aberdeen
CarlosChesnevar,Lleida SimonParsons,CUNY
UlisesCortes,Catalonia HenriPrade,IRIT
FrankDignum,Utrecht HenryPrakken,Utrecht&Groningen
YannisDimopoulos,Cyprus IyadRahwan,BritishUniv.inDubai
SylvieDoutre,Toulouse ChrisReed,Dundee
PhanMinhDung, KenSatoh,NII
AsianInstituteofTechnology CarlesSierra,IIIA-CSIC
JohnFox,CRUK GuillermoR.Simari,Univ.NacionaldelSur
MassimilianoGiacomin,Brescia FrancescaToni,ImperialCollege
TomGordon,FraunhoferFOKUS PaoloTorroni,Bologna
FlorianaGrasso,Liverpool GerardVreeswijk,Utrecht
DavidHitchcock,McMaster DougWalton,Winnipeg
JohnHorty,Maryland
AdditionalReviewers
KatsumiNitta,TokyoInstituteofTechnology
HajimeSawamura,Niigata
JureZabkar,Ljubljana
vii
Contents
Preface v
Paul E. Dunne, Trevor Bench-Capon and Michael Wooldridge
Organisation vi
Argument in Agent Systems
Towards Representing and Querying Arguments on the Semantic Web 3
Iyad Rahwan and P.V. Sakeer
Building Agents that Plan and Argue in a Social Context 15
Dionysis Kalofonos, Nishan Karunatillake, Nicholas R. Jennings,
Timothy J. Norman, Chris Reed and Simon Wells
Argue tuProlog: A Lightweight Argumentation Engine for Agent Applications 27
Daniel Bryant, Paul J. Krause and Gerard A.W. Vreeswijk
An Application of Formal Argumentation: Fusing Bayes Nets in MAS 33
Søren Holbech Nielsen and Simon Parsons
Applications
Value-Based Argumentation for Democratic Decision Support 47
Katie Atkinson
Argument Based Machine Learning in a Medical Domain 59
Jure Žabkar, Martin Možina, Jerneja Videčnik and Ivan Bratko
CBR and Argument Schemes for Collaborative Decision Making 71
Pancho Tolchinsky, Sanjay Modgil, Ulises Cortés and
Miquel Sànchez-Marrè
Computational Properties of Argument
Complexity Properties of Restricted Abstract Argument Systems 85
Paul E. Dunne
Computing Preferred Extensions for Argumentation Systems with Sets of
Attacking Arguments 97
Søren Holbech Nielsen and Simon Parsons
An Algorithm to Compute Minimally Grounded and Admissible Defence Sets in
Argument Systems 109
Gerard A.W. Vreeswijk
viii
Semi-Stable Semantics 121
Martin Caminada
Argumentation Frameworks and Schemes I
Reasoning in Argumentation Frameworks Using Quantified Boolean Formulas 133
Uwe Egly and Stefan Woltran
A Dialectic Procedure for Sceptical, Assumption-Based Argumentation 145
Phan Minh Dung, Paolo Mancarella and Francesca Toni
Evaluation and Comparison Criteria for Extension-Based Argumentation
Semantics 157
Pietro Baroni and Massimiliano Giacomin
Argumentation Tools
Translating Wigmore Diagrams 171
Glenn Rowe and Chris Reed
First Steps Towards the Automatic Construction of Argument-Diagrams from
Real Discussions 183
Daan Verbree, Rutger Rienks and Dirk Heylen
The Carneades Argumentation Framework 195
Thomas F. Gordon and Douglas Walton
Pierson vs. Post Revisited 208
Thomas F. Gordon and Douglas Walton
Reasoning About Action
Argumentation and Persuasion in the Cognitive Coherence Theory 223
Philippe Pasquier, Iyad Rahwan, Frank Dignum and Liz Sonenberg
Knowing when to Bargain 235
Simon Wells and Chris Reed
Justifying Actions by Accruing Arguments 247
Trevor J.M. Bench-Capon and Henry Prakken
Argumentation Frameworks and Schemes II
Handling Controversial Arguments in Bipolar Argumentation Systems 261
Claudette Cayrol, Caroline Devred and Marie-Christine Lagasquie-Schiex
On Acceptability in Abstract Argumentation Frameworks with an Extended
Defeat Relation 273
Diego C. Martínez, Alejandro J. García and Guillermo R. Simari
ix
Automating Argumentation for Deliberation in Cases of Conflict of Interest 279
Alison Chorley, Trevor Bench-Capon and Peter McBurney
The Logic of Multiple-Valued Argumentation and Its Applications to Web
Technology 291
Hajime Sawamura, Toshiko Wakaki and Katsumi Nitta
Value Based Argumentation in Hierarchical Argumentation Frameworks 297
S. Modgil
Dialogue and Decision
Combining Sceptical Epistemic Reasoning with Credulous Practical Reasoning 311
Henry Prakken
Multi-Agent Agreements About Actions Through Argumentation 323
Paolo Torroni
Suspicion of Hidden Agenda in Persuasive Argument 329
Paul E. Dunne
Author Index 341