Table Of ContentCheck out the great resources that support this book!
Study anytime, OnLInE MOBILE
anywhere,
with the bonus 1 Go to www.mhlanguagelab.com 1 Go to the app store on your device
McGraw Hill
For iPhone/iPad Google Play for Android
Language Lab
App
Enhance your study with content
aligned to this book:
2 click LAUNcH WEB APP button 2 Search for
“Language
⊲ FLASHcARdS for all vocabulary lists Lab” and
Launch WeB APP LANGUAGE LAB
download
⊲ Streaming AUdio of answers to many of the
exercises in the book
IT’S SO EASY - nO EMAIL OR PASSwORD REQuIRED!
⊲ REcoRd feature lets you compare
yourself with native speakers
3 Select your Language
⊲ Auto-fill GLoSSARY for quick reference
French
FREE APP! See inside back cover for details.
And even
faster –
just scan
the QR code!
Web
4 Scroll to find your
program PMP
complete Japanese
Grammar
Apple Android
©2021 McGraw Hill mhprofessional.com
Check out the great resources that support this book!
Study anytime, OnLInE MOBILE
anywhere,
with the bonus 1 Go to www.mhlanguagelab.com 1 Go to the app store on your device
McGraw Hill
For iPhone/iPad Google Play for Android
Language Lab
App
Enhance your study with content
aligned to this book:
2 click LAUNcH WEB APP button 2 Search for
“Language
⊲ FLASHcARdS for all vocabulary lists Lab” and
Launch WeB APP LANGUAGE LAB
download
⊲ Streaming AUdio of answers to many of the
exercises in the book
IT’S SO EASY - nO EMAIL OR PASSwORD REQuIRED!
⊲ REcoRd feature lets you compare
yourself with native speakers
3 Select your Language
⊲ Auto-fill GLoSSARY for quick reference
French
FREE APP! See inside back cover for details.
And even
faster –
just scan
the QR code!
Web
4 Scroll to find your
program PMP
complete Japanese
Grammar
Apple Android
©2021 McGraw Hill mhprofessional.com
PRACTICE
MAK ES
PERFECT®
Complete
Japanese
Grammar
Premium Second Edition
Eriko Sato, PhD
fm.indd 1 15-03-2021 12:49:27
Copyright © 2021 by McGraw Hill. All rights reserved. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of
this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the
prior written permission of the publisher.
ISBN: 978-1-26-046322-4
MHID: 1-26-046322-2
The material in this eBook also appears in the print version of this title: ISBN: 978-1-26-046321-7,
MHID: 1-26-046321-4.
eBook conversion by codeMantra
Version 1.0
All trademarks are trademarks of their respective owners. Rather than put a trademark symbol after every occurrence of a trademarked
name, we use names in an editorial fashion only, and to the benefit of the trademark owner, with no intention of infringement of the
trademark. Where such designations appear in this book, they have been printed with initial caps.
McGraw-Hill Education eBooks are available at special quantity discounts to use as premiums and sales promotions or for use in corpo-
rate training programs. To contact a representative, please visit the Contact Us page at www.mhprofessional.com.
McGraw Hill Language Lab App
Audio recordings and flashcards are available to support your study of this book. Go to mhlanguagelab.com to access the online version
of this application, or to locate links to the mobile app for iOS and Android devices. More details about the features of the app are avail-
able on the inside front and back covers.
McGraw Hill, the McGraw Hill logo, Practice Makes Perfect, and related trade dress are trademarks or registered trademarks of Mc-
Graw Hill and/or its affiliates in the United States and other countries and may not be used without written permission. All other trade-
marks are the property of their respective owners. McGraw Hill is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book.
TERMS OF USE
This is a copyrighted work and McGraw-Hill Education and its licensors reserve all rights in and to the work. Use of this work is subject
to these terms. Except as permitted under the Copyright Act of 1976 and the right to store and retrieve one copy of the work, you may
not decompile, disassemble, reverse engineer, reproduce, modify, create derivative works based upon, transmit, distribute, disseminate,
sell, publish or sublicense the work or any part of it without McGraw-Hill Education’s prior consent. You may use the work for your
own noncommercial and personal use; any other use of the work is strictly prohibited. Your right to use the work may be terminated if
you fail to comply with these terms.
THE WORK IS PROVIDED “AS IS.” McGRAW-HILL EDUCATION AND ITS LICENSORS MAKE NO GUARANTEES OR WAR-
RANTIES AS TO THE ACCURACY, ADEQUACY OR COMPLETENESS OF OR RESULTS TO BE OBTAINED FROM USING
THE WORK, INCLUDING ANY INFORMATION THAT CAN BE ACCESSED THROUGH THE WORK VIA HYPERLINK OR
OTHERWISE, AND EXPRESSLY DISCLAIM ANY WARRANTY, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED
TO IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. McGraw-Hill Education
and its licensors do not warrant or guarantee that the functions contained in the work will meet your requirements or that its opera-
tion will be uninterrupted or error free. Neither McGraw-Hill Education nor its licensors shall be liable to you or anyone else for any
inaccuracy, error or omission, regardless of cause, in the work or for any damages resulting therefrom. McGraw-Hill Education has no
responsibility for the content of any information accessed through the work. Under no circumstances shall McGraw-Hill Education and/
or its licensors be liable for any indirect, incidental, special, punitive, consequential or similar damages that result from the use of or
inability to use the work, even if any of them has been advised of the possibility of such damages. This limitation of liability shall apply
to any claim or cause whatsoever whether such claim or cause arises in contract, tort or otherwise.
Contents
Introduction ix
1 Introducing Japanese sounds, word order, and
writing systems 1
Basic sounds 1
Pitch 2
Basic hiragana 3
Katakana 6
Kanji 7
Basic word order and particles 9
Speech styles 12
2 Nouns 15
Proper nouns 15
Respectful titles 16
Common nouns 17
Compound nouns 18
Demonstrative pronouns 19
Personal pronouns 20
The particle の no 21
Kinship terms 22
3 Numbers 25
Bare numbers based on the Chinese system 25
The native Japanese number system 27
Class counters 27
Ordinal counters 29
Expressing time 29
Expressing months and days 30
Unit counters 32
. . . 目 me 32
iii
fm.indd 3 15-03-2021 12:49:27
4 Basic verb forms 35
Dictionary form 35
Masu form 35
Nai form 35
Stem form 36
Ru verbs and u verbs 36
Irregular verbs 38
Conjugation patterns 39
Te form 41
Ta form 43
Nakatta form 43
Conjugating verbs in the plain form 44
Conjugating verbs in the polite form 44
Progressive form 45
Potential form 46
Conjugating the copular verb です desu 47
5 Verb types 49
する suru verbs 49
Existential verbs ある aru and いる iru 50
Transitive and intransitive verbs 54
Inherently potential verbs 56
Verbs with hidden become/get 57
Verbs of giving and receiving 58
6 Auxiliaries that follow verbs in the te form 63
. . . て te + あげる ageru, etc. (helpfulness) 63
. . . て te + いる iru (progressive, resulting, and habitual states) 64
. . . て te + しまう shimau (completion) 66
. . . て te + おく oku (preparation) 66
. . . て te + みる miru (trial) 67
. . . て te + いく iku and くる kuru (progress) 68
. . . て te + ある aru (resulting state) 70
. . . て te + ほしい hoshii (desire) 71
7 Particles 73
を o (direct object) 73
が ga (subject) 75
に ni (at, in, to) 78
で de (at, by, in, with) 79
へ e (toward, to) 81
から kara (from) 81
まで made (until) 82
iv Contents
fm.indd 4 15-03-2021 12:49:27
の no (of, ’s) 82
と to, や ya, and か ka (listing nouns) 83
は wa (topic) 84
も mo (addition) 84
ばかり bakari (nothing but . . . ) 85
しか shika (only) 86
だけ dake (just/only) 87
でも demo (even) 88
8 Adjectives and adverbs 91
Adjective types 91
Basic adjective forms 92
Multiple subjects 96
Te forms of adjectives 97
Degree adverbs 99
Frequency adverbs 99
Adverbs derived from adjectives 100
Adverb + する suru/なる naru (change) 101
Adverbs made from onomatopoeia and mimetic words 101
Comparing two items 102
Equivalent-degree comparison 104
Comparing activities 105
Superlative comparison 106
9 Sentence types 109
Statements 109
Questions 109
Sentences with indefinite pronouns 111
Enriching statements 115
Suggestions, requests, and commands 128
10 Complex words and phrases 135
. . . すぎる sugiru, etc. (verbal compound) 135
. . . やすい yasui / . . . にくい nikui (toughness) 136
. . . たい tai (to want to do . . . ) 137
. . . がる garu (to show the signs of . . . ) 138
Noun + らしい rashii (typical) 139
Noun + のような no yoˉ na (simile) 140
Noun + みたいな mitai na (simile) 142
Stem form + そうな soˉ na (appearance) 142
Volitional form + と思う to omou (intention) 144
Volitional form + とする to suru (attempt) 145
. . . ように + する /なる yoˉ ni suru/naru (change) 146
Contents v
fm.indd 5 15-03-2021 12:49:27
. . . ことに + する /なる koto ni + suru/naru (decision) 148
. . . ことができる koto ga dekiru (potential) 148
. . . ことがある koto ga aru (experience) 149
11 Clauses 151
. . . と to and . . . か ka (verb complement clause) 151
. . . 前に mae ni (adverbial clause before . . . ) and . . . 後に ato ni
(adverbial clause after . . . ) 153
. . . 間に aida ni (adverbial clause during/while . . . ) 154
. . . うちに uchi ni (adverbial clause during/while/before . . . ) 154
. . . ときに toki ni (adverbial clause at the time when . . . ) 155
. . . ながら nagara (adverbial clause simultaneously) 157
. . . から kara and . . . ので node (adverbial clause because . . . ) 158
. . . が ga and . . . のに noni (adverbial clause although . . . ) 159
Noun modifier clauses (which/that . . . ) 162
12 Conjunctions 165
Listing nouns with と to (exhaustive), や ya (partial), か ka
(disjunctive), and も mo (addition) 165
Listing verbs with te forms 166
Listing adjectives with te forms 168
Listing verbs and adjectives as examples using the tari
form 169
Listing verbs and adjectives emphatically using し shi 170
Sentence conjunctions 171
13 Conditionals 177
. . . たら tara (whenever, when, if) 177
. . . ば ba (whenever, when, if) 180
. . . と to (whenever, when) 183
. . . なら nara (if it is the case that . . . . ) 186
. . . ても te mo (even if/though, no matter . . . ) 191
Permission and prohibition 192
Obligation and discretion 194
14 Passives and causatives 197
Passive verbs 197
Direct passive 198
Indirect passive 199
Causative verbs 201
Make-causative and let-causative 202
Causative with auxiliary verbs of giving and receiving 204
Causative passive 205
vi Contents
fm.indd 6 15-03-2021 12:49:27
15 Honorifics 209
Special honorific verbs 209
. . . られる (r)areru (respectful form of verbs) 211
お + stem + になる o . . . ni naru (respectful) 212
お + stem + する o . . . suru (humble) 213
Asking for permission very politely 215
Making a request very politely 216
Using お o and ご go before a noun 217
Family terms 219
Honorific forms for adjectives 219
Honorific/polite question words 219
16 Review Exercises 221
Appendix A: Basic verb forms 251
Appendix B: Basic sentence predicate forms 253
Japanese–English glossary 255
English–Japanese glossary 263
Answer key 271
Contents vii
fm.indd 7 15-03-2021 12:49:27
