comparative evaluation of tumescent anaesthesia and fentanyl analgesia for mammary tumour ...

124 Pages·2015·3.7 MB·English

COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF TUMESCENT
ANAESTHESIA AND FENTANYL ANALGESIA FOR
MAMMARY TUMOUR EXCISION IN DOGS

BY

D. VIJAYA KUMARI
B.V.Sc. & A.H.
TVM/13-28.

THESIS SUBMITTED TO
SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY
In partial fulfillment of the requirements
For the award of the degree of

MASTER OF VETERINARY SCIENCE
VETERINARY SURGERY AND RADIOLOGY
IN THE FACULTY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE

DEPARTMENT OF VETERINARY SURGERY AND RADIOLOGY
COLLEGE OF VETERINARY SCIENCE
SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY
TIRUPATI – 517 502

OCTOBER – 2015
CERTIFICATE

D. VIJAYA KUMARI, ID.NO.TVM/13-28, has satisfactorily prosecuted
the course of research and that the thesis entitled “COMPARATIVE
EVALUATION OF TUMESCENT ANAESTHESIA AND
FENTANYL ANALGESIA FOR MAMMARY TUMOUR
EXCISION IN DOGS” submitted is the result of original research work and is of
sufficiently high standard to warrant its presentation to the examination. I also certify
that the thesis or part thereof has not been previously submitted by her for a degree of

any university.

Date : 08-10-2015 ( Dr. P.VEENA )
Major Advisor
Place : Tirupati Associate Professor
Dept. of Veterinary Surgery & Radiology
College of Veterinary Science
TIRUPATI – 517 502 (A.P.)
CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the thesis entitled “COMPARATIVE EVALUATION
OF TUMESCENT ANAESTHESIA AND FENTANYL ANALGESIA FOR
MAMMARY TUMOUR EXCISION IN DOGS” submitted in partial fulfillment of
the requirements for the degree of Master of Veterinary Science of Sri
Venkateswara Veterinary University, Tirupati is a record of the bonafide research
work carried out by Dr. D. VIJAYA KUMARI, ID.NO.TVM/13-28 under my
guidance and supervision. The subject of the thesis has been approved by the
Student’s Advisory Committee.
No part of the thesis has been submitted for any other degree or diploma. The
published part has been fully acknowledged. All the assistance and help received
during the course of investigation have been duly acknowledged by the author of the
thesis.
(Dr. P. VEENA)
Chairman of the Advisory Committee

Thesis approved by the Student Advisory Committee

CHAIRMAN: (Dr. P. VEENA) ________________________
Associate Professor
Dept. of Veterinary Surgery & Radiology
College of Veterinary Science
Tirupati – 517 502 (A.P)

MEMBER : (Dr. N. DHANA LAKSHMI) ________________________
Professor and Head
Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex
College of Veterinary Science
Tirupati – 517 502 (A.P)

MEMBER : (Dr. K. VEERA BRAMHAIAH) _________________________
Professor
Dept. of Veterinary Gynaecology &Obstetrics
College of Veterinary Science
Tirupati – 517 502 (AP)
DECLARATION
I, Dr. D. VIJAYA KUMARI, ID.NO.TVM/13-28, hereby declare that the
thesis entitled “COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF TUMESCENT ANAESTHESIA
AND FENTANYL ANALGESIA FOR MAMMARY TUMOUR EXCISION IN DOGS”
submitted to Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University, Tirupati for the degree of
MASTER OF VETERINARY SCIENCE is the result of original research work
done by me. I also declare that the materials contained in this thesis have not
been published earlier.

Date : 08-10-2015
(D. VIJAYA KUMARI)
Place : Tirupati
Acknowledgements

First and foremost, praises and thanks to the God, the Almighty, for His
showers of blessings throughout my research work to complete the research
successfully.
I Feel Immense pleasure and inadequate to express my deep sense of
gratitude and profound indebtedness to my Chairman of the Advisory committee
Dr.P.Veena, Associate Professor, Department of Veterinary Surgery and
Radiology, College of Veterinary Science, Tirupati, who with all her interest,
dedication, and empathy has devoted her valuable time patiently to mend my
thinking from conception to completion of this task . Though I fail to verbalise the
influence she has on me. I have no qualms in admitting that her logical, critical and
methodological, approach has inquired in me a desire to perform and excel. Her
constant untiring interest, learned counsel and pain staking guidance were the
main source of inspiration without which this study would not have been as
methodologically extensive and hopefully, useful as it is now and would have
remained my dream forever. I am fortunate to have blessed with privilege of working
under her meticulous guidance. I owe her a huge debt of gratitude forever for all
that I got from her during the course of my investigation.
I deem it a pleasure and privilege to place my profoundly indebted to the
revered members of my Advisory committee Dr. N.Dhana Lakshmi, Associate
Professor & Head, Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, College of
Veterinary Science, Tirupati, for her inspiring guidance, constant encouragement
close counselling and indefatigable interest, valuable advice and compendious
help during the pursuit of research work.
I feel it is my pleasure in extending thanks to Dr.K.Veera Bramhaiah,
Professor, Department of Animal Reproduction and Gynaecology, College of
Veterinary Science, Tirupati, member of Advisory committee for his valuable
advice and compendious help during the pursuit of research work .
I owe my heartful thanks to Dr. Ch.Mallikarjuna Rao, Assistant Professor,
Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, College of Veterinary Science,
Tirupati for his constant help and encouragement during my study.
I express my heartful thanks to Dr. K. Nalini Kumari, Professor & University
Head, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Science, Tirupati,
for her helping in electrocardiographic studies during my research work.
I convey my deepest regards to Dr. Rani Prameela, Professor, Department of
Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science, Tirupati for helping in
estimation of cortisol through ELISA.
I would like to convey my immense love and gratitude to Dr. Y. Anish
Lakshman, without whose motivation I would have not joined M.V.Sc. I am thankful
to him for his assistance and encouragement throughout my research work and for
cheering me up in my bad times. He is my well-wisher, teacher and the one who
always guided me to take correct decisions and renovated my life in a better way. He
knows me better than I know myself and I am very fortunate for this. I am very
grateful to god for embracing him in my life.
I owe my deepest gratitude to my beloved friends Dr. M.Saibaba, Dr.
M.S.S.V.Phaneendra and Dr. Bharat Kumar Reddy, who helped me a lot in
completion of my work with their moral and physical support.
No words to express my gratitude to my beloved friends and my M.V.Sc class
mates Dr. Manoj Kumar, Dr. Sudarshan Reddy, Dr. K.Mounika, Dr. Chandra
Sekhar Reddy, Dr. Amrutha, Dr. Hemkumar Reddy, Dr. Mastanbi , Dr. Vamsi , Dr.
Pradeep Kumar and Kaseera who have been a pillar of support during each and
every movement. I shared all my feeling and whose happy company brought pleasure
for me during my study.
I am very much thankful to junior M.V.Sc students Dr. P.Thejasree, Dr.
A.U.Hareesh, Dr. S.N.Suvarna, Dr. J.Praksh Babu, Dr. Hanuman Saheb and Dr.
V. Murali Krishma and B.V.Sc. junior Baby Steffi for their cooperation during my
research work.
I express my gratitude to Sri M.Viswanatha Reddy, Radiographer for his
unlimited help in my work and his friendly treat and affection.
I am happy to express my sincere gratitude to K.Ramana, Kannaiah, James,
Nirmalamma and Rangaiah staff of Department of Veterinary Surgery and
Radiology, College of Veterinary Science, Tirupati, for their co-operation and help
rendered throughout the research period.
I asset my grateful thanks to Library Staff of College of Veterinary Science,
Tirupati and for their help in literature collection.
I acknowledge my sincere thanks to C.Chennakeshavulu, Office staff, C.V.Sc,
Tirupati for his cooperation in getting monthly stipend regularly and also for his
academic support.
I place on record my apology and sincere thankfulness to the unmentioned
personalities, who have played a role in this study and preparation of this manuscript.
On my personal note, it gives me immense pleasure to express my sincere
gratitude and heartful respect to the blessings of my parents Sri. K. Damodar
Sharma and Smt. Kanchan Devi, who have always inspired me. Their assiduous
efforts in shaping up of my life, everlasting love are the main reasons for where I
stand now. I reserve special thanks to my sister D. Ratna Kumari and brother
D.Himmathlal who have always been with me boosting my morale in all aspects of
my life.
I wish to express my heartful gratitude to father-in-law Sri Late Y. Laxman,
mother-in-law Smt. Y. Vimalamma and brother-in-law Y. Raviteja for their
cooperation never ending support and encouragement.
I am greatly beholden beyond words to express my heartful thanks and
gratitude to Dr.T.S.Chandra Sekhara Rao, Dean of Veterinary Science, Sri
Venkateswara Veterinary Science, Tirupati, without whose help I could not have
completed my M.V.Sc successfully.
I greatly acknowledge to Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University, Tirupati,
for providing all facilities and help during my masters programme.
Place: Tirupati
Date: 08-10-2015 (D. VIJAYA KUMARI)
LIST OF CONTENTS

Chapter Title Page
No. No.
I INTRODUCTION 1-3
II REVIEW OF LITERATURE 4-27
2.1 ANAESTHETIC DRUGS 4
2.1.1 Glycopyrrolate 4
2.1.2 Acepromazine 5
2.1.3 Propofol 7
2.1.4 Tumescent Anaesthesia 9
2.1.5 Fentanyl 10
2.2 PHYSIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS 13
2.3 PAIN SCORING 16
2.4 PULSEOXIMETRIC STUDIES 19
2.5 ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHIC STUDIES 21
2.6 HAEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS 22
2.7 BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS 23
2.7.1 Cortisol 23
2.7 .2 Glucose 26
III MATERIALS AND METHODS 28-40
3.1 SELECTION OF ANIMALS 28
3.2 PREANAESTHETIC PREPARATION OF THE 28
PATIENT
3.3 DESIGN OF THE STUDY 28
3.4 ANAESTHETIC PROTOCOL 30
3.4.1 Premedication 30
3.4.2 Induction 30
3.4.3 Maintenance of anaesthesia 30
3.4.4 Tumescent anaesthesia 30
3.4.5 Fentanyl analgesia 32
3.5 ANAESTHETIC CHARACTER 32
3.5.1 Induction 32
3.5.1.1 Induction time 32
3.5.2 Surgical anaesthesia 32
3.5.3 Recovery 32
3.5.3.1 Recovery time 32
3.6 PHYSIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS 34
3.6.1 Rectal temperature 34
3.6.2 Respiratory rate 34
3.6.3 Pulse rate 34
3.6.4 Heart rate 34
3.6.5 Pain scoring 34
3.7 PULSEOXIMETRIC STUDIES 37
3.8 ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHIC STUDIES 37
3.9 HAEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS 37
3.10 BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS 37
3.10.1 Cortisol 40
3.10.2 Glucose 40
3.11 ANALYSIS OF DATA 40
IV RESULTS 42-72
4.1 SELECTION OF ANIMALS 42
4.2 PREANANESTHETIC PREPARATION OF THE 42
PATIENT
4.3 EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN 42
4.4 ANAESTHETIC PROTOCOL 45
4.5 ANAESTHETIC CHARACTER 45
4.5.1 Induction 45
4.5.2 Surgical anaesthesia 45
4.5.3 Recovery time 45
4.6 INTRAOPERATIVE EVALUATION 47
4.7 POSTOPERATIVE EVALUATION 47
4.8 PHYSIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS 51
4.8.1 Rectal Temperature 51
4.8.2 Respiratory Rate 51
4.8.3 Pulse Rate 51
4.8.4 Heart Rate 57
4.8.5 Pain Score 57
4.9 PULSEOXIMETRIC STUDIES 60
4.10 ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHIC STUDIES 60
4.11 HAEMATOLOGICAL STUDIES 60
4.11.1 Haemoglobin 60
4.11.2 Packed cell volume 67
4.12 BIOCHEMICAL STUDIES 67
4.12.2 Cortisol 67
4.12.3 Glucose 72
V DISCUSSION 73-89
VI SUMMARY 90
LITERATURE CITED 91-108