Colonial America: An Encyclopedia of Social, Political, Cultural, and Economic History

1180 Pages·2006·32.97 MB·English

by  James Ciment

9-II ARTS FUNDING AND CENSORSHIP
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CCCCCooooovvvvveeeeerrrrr PPPPPhhhhhoooootttttooooo::::: Tontine Coffee House, c. 1797 (oil on linen), Francis Guy (1760–1820) / © New York Historical Society, New
York, United States; www.bridgeman.co.uk.
MMMMMaaaaapppppsssss::::: Adapted by Carto-Graphics from the following sources:
Kwame Anthony Appiah and Henry Louis Gates, Jr., eds., Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American
Experience (New York: Basic Books, 1999). See map: Volume 3, page 788.
Geoffrey Barraclough, ed., The Times Atlas of World History, 6th edition (Maplewood, NJ: Hammond, 1982). See maps:
Volume 1, pages xlii, xliii, 15, 214; Volume 2, pages xx, xxi; Volume 3, pages xx, xxi; Volume 4, pages xx, xxi, 850; Volume
5, pages xx, xxi.
James Ciment, ed. Encyclopedia of American Immigration (Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe, 2001). See map: Volume 1, page 55.
James Henretta, et al. America’s History. 2nd edition (New York: Worth Publishers, 1993). See maps: Volume 1, pages xli,
xlii, xliii, 59; Volume 2, pages xix, xx, xxi, 327, 362; Volume 3, pages xix, xx, xxi, 581, 738, 788; Volume 4, pages xix, xx,
xxi; Volume 5, pages xix, xx, xxi.
Mary Beth Norton, et al. A People and a Nation. 6th edition (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2001). See maps: Volume 1, pages
xliv, xlv; Volume 2, pages xxii, xxiii, 324; Volume 3, pages xxii, xxiii, 812; Volume 4, pages xxii, xxiii.
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Colonial America: An encyclopedia of social, political, cultural, and economic history/James Ciment, editor.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-7656-8065-3 (Set: alk. paper)
1. United States—Civilization—To 1783—Encyclopedias. I. Ciment, James.
E162.C68 2005
973.2’03—dc22 2003023235
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COLONIAL AMERICA
Table of Contents
Introduction: Studying the Colonial Era
A-Z Entries
Abenaki
Acadia, Nova Scotia
Acadians
Acapulco
Adams, Abigail (1744–1818)
Adams, John (1735–1826)
Adams, Samuel (1722–1803)
African Americans
Agriculture
Albany Congress (1754)
Alcohol
Alexander, Mary Spratt Provoost (1693–1760)
American Philosophical Society
Anabaptists
Andros, Sir Edmund (1637–1714)
Anglican Church
Anne, Queen (1665–1714)
Antigua
Appalachia
Arawak
Armada, Spanish
Army, British
Art, Cartoons, and Broadsides
Art, Fine
Art, Folk
Artisans
Arts, Culture, and Intellectual Life
Assemblies, Colonial
Atlantic Ocean
Azores and Madeira
Aztec
Bacon, Nathaniel (1647–1676)
Bacon's Rebellion
Baltimore
Banks and Banking
Baptists
Barbados
Bartram Family
Bathing and Hygiene
Beaver Wars
Berkeley, Sir William (c. 1605–1677)
Bermuda
Bible
Board of Trade
Boone, Daniel (1734–1820)
Borderlands, Spanish
Bostonnnnnnn
Boston Massacre
Boston Port Bill
Boston Tea Party
Braddock, Edward (1695–1755)
Bradford, William (1590–1657)
Bradstreet, Anne (1612–1672)
Brant, Joseph (1743–1807)
Brant, Mary Molly (c. 1736–1796)
Brent, Margaret (c. 1601–c. 1671)
Bunker Hill, Battle of
Cabot, John (c. 1450–c. 1498)
Cabrillo, Juan Rodríguez (c. 1498–c. 1543)
California
Calvert, Cecilius (1605–1675)
Calvert, George (First Lord Baltimore; c. 1580–1632)
Calvinism
Canada
Canary Islands
Cape Cod
Captivity (by Native Americans)
Carib
Caribbean Sea
Carteret, Sir George (d. 1680)
Cartier, Jacques (1491–1557)
Catholic Church
Cayuga
Champlain, Samuel de (c. 1570–1635)
Charles I (1600–1649)
Charles II (1630–1685)
Charles V (1500–1558)
Charleston
Cherokee
Chesapeake
Chickasaw
Child Rearing
Children
Choctaw
Christ and Christianity
Cities
Class
Clocks and Timekeeping
Clothing
Coercive Acts (1774)
Coffee
Columbian Exchange
Columbus, Christopher (1451–1506)
Committees of Correspondence
Common Sense (1776)
Connecticut
Connecticut River
Constantinople, Fall of
Continental Congress, First
Continental Congress, Second
Coode's Rebellion
Copley, John Singleton (1738–1815)
Corn
Coronado, Francisco Vázquez de (1510–1554)
Cortéz, Hernando (1485–1547)
Cotton
Cotton, John (1584–1652)
Covenants
Creek
Crime
Cromwell, Oliver (1599–1658)
Cuba
Cumberland Gap
Currency
Currency Act (1764)
Dartmouth, Lord (1731–1801)
Daughters of Liberty
Death and Dying
Debt and Debtor's Prison
Deism
Delaware
Delaware River
De Soto, Hernando (c. 1500–1542)
Detroit
Dickinson, John (1732–1808)
Diplomacy (Foreign Affairs)
Disease
Dominicans
Drake, Sir Francis (1540–1596)
Dulany, Daniel, Jr. (1722–1797)
Dulany, Daniel, Sr. (1685–1753)
Dunmore, Lord (1732–1809)
Dutch
Dutch West India Company
East India Company
Economy, Business, and Labor
Edict of Nantes, Revocation of
Education
Education, Higher
Edwards, Jonathan (1703–1758)
Elizabeth I (1533–1603)
English
English Civil War
Enlightenment
Environment and Nature
Equiano, Olaudah (1745–1797)
Erie
Exploration
Family
Ferdinand (1452–1516) and Isabella (1451–1504)
Fish and Fisheries
Florida
Food and Diet
Fort Duquesne
Fort Orange
Fortifications
Franciscans
Franklin, Benjamin (1706–1790)
Franklin, William (c. 1730–1814)
Free Blacks
French
French and Indian War
Furnishings
Furs
Gage, Thomas (c. 1719–1787)
Gambling
Gender Issues
George I (1660–1727)
George II (1683–1760)
George III (1738–1820)
Georgia
Germans
Glorious Revolution
God
Gorges, Ferdinando (1566–1647)
Government, Spanish Colonial
Grain
Great Awakening
Great Lakes
Green Mountain Boys
Grenville, George (1712–1770)
Hakluyt, Richard (c. 1551–1616)
Halifax
Hamilton, Alexander (c. 1755–1804)
Hancock, John (1737–1793)
Harriot, Thomas (1560–1621)
Harvard College
Henry, Patrick (1736–1799)
Hispaniola
Hooker, Thomas (1586–1647)
Hopi
Horses
House of Burgesses
Housing
Hudson, Henry (c. 1560–c. 1611)
Hudson River
Huguenots
Humboldt, Alexander von (1769–1859)
Huron
Hutchinson, Anne (1591–1643)
Hutchinson, Thomas (1711–1780)
Immigration
Indentured Servitude
Indigo
Inheritance
Inns and Taverns (Public Houses)
Iron
Iroquois Confederacy
Jamaica
James I (1566–1625)
James II (1633–1701)
Jamestown
Jay, John (1745–1829)
Jefferson, Thomas (1743–1826)
Jesuits
Jews
Johnson, Sir William (1715–1774)
Joint-Stock Companies
Jolliet, Louis (1645–1700)
Kentucky
Kieft's War
King George's War
King Philip's War
King's College
Kitchens, Colonial
Laborers, Rural
Laborers, Urban
Land and Real Estate
Landlords
Language
La Salle, René Robert Cavelier, Sieur de (1643–1687)
Las Casas, Bartolomé de (1474–1566)
Law and Courts
Lee, Richard Henry (1732–1794)
Leisler, Jacob (1640–1691)
Lenni Lenape (Delaware)
Lexington and Concord, Battles of
Libraries
Literature
Livestock
Locke, John (1632–1704)
Long Island
Louis XIV (1638–1715)
Louisiana
Loyalists
Maine
Malaria
Manufacturing
Maps and Surveys
Marquette, Jacques (1637–1675)
Marriage and Divorce
Mary I (1516–1558)
Maryland
Massachusetts
Massachusetts Bay
Massachusetts Bay Charter
Massachusetts Bay Colony
Massasoit (d. 1661)
Mather, Cotton (1663–1728)
Mather, Increase (1639–1723)
Maya
Mayflower Compact
Menéndez de Avilés, Pedro (1519–1574)
Mercantilism
Merchants
Methodist Church
Mexico City
Military and Diplomatic Affairs
Militias
Ministers and the Ministry
Missions
Mississippi River
Mohawk
Mohegan
Montcalm, Louis-Joseph (1712–1759)
Montezuma II (1466–1520)
Montreal
Murray, Judith Sargent (1751–1820)
Music
Natchez
Native American-African American Relations
Native American-European Conflict
Native American-European Relations
Native Americans
Native Americans and Slavery
Navajo
Navigation Acts (1651–1733)
Navy, British
Negro Election Day
New Amsterdam
New Bern
New England, Dominion of
New Hampshire
New Haven
New Jersey
New Mexico
New Netherland
New Orleans
New Spain
New York
New York City
Newfoundland
Newport
Newspapers and Journals
North, Lord (1732–1792)
North Carolina
Northwest Passage
Of Plymouth Plantation
Oglethorpe, James (1696–1785)
Ohio Country
Oliver, Andrew (1706–1774)
Oñate, Juan de (c. 1552–1626)
Oneida
Onondaga
Opechancanough (c. 1545–c. 1646)
Orphans
Otis, James (1725–1783)
Ottawa
Paine, Thomas (1737–1809)
Patriots
Patroons
Paxton Boys
Peddlers
Penn, William (1644–1718)
Pennsylvania
Pequot
Philadelphia
Philip, King (Metacom; c. 1638–1676)
Philip II (1527–1598)
Piedmont
Pietism
Pilgrims
Piracy
Pitt, William (1708–1778)
Plantations
Planters
Plymouth
Pocahontas (c. 1594–1616)
Politics and Government
Ponce de Léon, Juan (1460–1521)
Pontiac (c. 1720–1769)
Poor Richard's Almanack
Population and Demographics
Portsmouth, New Hampshire
Potomac River
Powhatan (c. 1540–1618)
Powhatan Confederacy
Praying Towns
Precious Metals
Presbyterianism
Prisons and Punishment
Proclamation of 1763
Property and Property Rights
Prostitution
Providence
Pueblo
Puerto Rico
Puritanism
Quakers
Quebec Act (1774)
Quebec City
Queen Anne's War
Quincy, Josiah, Jr. (1744–1775)
Race and Ethnicity
Raleigh, Sir Walter (1554–1618)
Reading and Literacy
Reformation
Regulators
Religion
Religions, African
Religions, Native American
Revere, Paul (1735–1818)
Revolutionary War
Rhode Island
Rice
Rights of the British Colonies Asserted and Proved, The (1764)
Riots
Roanoke Colony
Rolfe, John (1585–1623)
Rowlandson, Mary (1637–1711)
Royal African Company
Rush, Benjamin (1745–1813)
Saint-Domingue
Salem
Santa Fe
Savannah
Science
Scots-Irish
Seminole
Seneca
Sermons
Serra, Fray Junípero (1713–1784)
Servants, Domestic
Sex
Shakers
Ship's Stores
Sint Eustatius
Slave Communities and Culture
Slave Rebellions
Slave Trade
Slavery, African American
Slavery, Caribbean
Smallpox
Smith, John (1580–1631)
Sons of Liberty
South Carolina
Sports and Recreation
Squanto (c. 1590–1622)
St. Augustine
St. Kitts
St. Lawrence River
St. Louis
Stamp Act (1765)
Stuyvesant, Peter (c. 1610–1672)