Colloid and Surface Chemistry : A Laboratory Guide for Exploration of the Nano World

268 Pages·2013·3.1 MB·English

by  Bucak, Seyda, Rende, Deniz

Surface & colloid chemiStry
Colloid
Colloid
and Surface and Surface
Chemistry
Chemistry
A Laboratory Guide for Exploration of the Nano World
A Laboratory Guide for Exploration of the Nano World
With principles that are shaping today’s most advanced technologies, from
nanomedicine to electronic nanorobots, colloid and interface science has become
a truly interdisciplinary field, integrating chemistry, physics, and biology. Colloid
and Surface Chemistry: A Laboratory Guide for Exploration of the Nano World
explains the basic principles of colloid and interface science through experiments
that emphasize the fundamentals. It bridges the gap between the underlying
theory and practical applications of colloid and surface chemistry.

Separated into five chapters, the book begins by addressing research meth-
odology, how to design successful experiments, and ethics in science. It also
provides practical information on data collection and analysis, keeping a
laboratory notebook, and writing laboratory reports. With each section written
by a distinguished researcher, chapter 2 reviews common techniques for the
characterization and analysis of colloidal structures, including surface tension
measurements, viscosity and rheological measurements, electrokinetic
methods, scattering and diffraction techniques, and microscopy.

Chapters 3–5 provide 19 experiments, each including the purpose of the
experiment, background information, pre-laboratory questions, step-by-step
procedures, and post-laboratory questions. Chapter 3 contains experiments
about colloids and surfaces, such as sedimentation, exploration of wetting
phenomena, foam stability, and preparation of miniemulsions. Chapter 4 covers
various techniques for the preparation of nanoparticles, including silver, magnetic,
and silica nanoparticles. Chapter 5 demonstrates daily-life applications of
colloid science, describing the preparation of food colloids, body wash, and
body cream.
K15257
ISBN-13: 978-1-4665-5310-1
90000 Seyda Bucak | Deniz Rende
9 781466 553101
K15257_Cover_mech.indd All Pages 11/11/13 3:46 PM

Colloid
and Surface
Chemistry
A Laboratory Guide for Exploration of the Nano World

Colloid
and Surface
Chemistry
A Laboratory Guide for Exploration of the Nano World
Seyda Bucak | Deniz Rende
Boca Raton London New York
CRC Press is an imprint of the
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Version Date: 20140121
International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-4665-5311-8 (eBook - PDF)
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Contents
List of figures .....................................................................................................xi
List of tables .....................................................................................................xix
Preface ...............................................................................................................xxi
Authors ............................................................................................................xxv
Contributors .................................................................................................xxvii
Symbols ..........................................................................................................xxix
Chapter 1 Scientific research .......................................................................1
The research process .........................................................................................1
Ethics in science..................................................................................................2
Validity of research and documentation ...................................................3
Interactions with the scientific community ...............................................3
The needs and values of society .................................................................4
Design of experiments.......................................................................................5
Fundamentals of scientific computing ............................................................8
Nihat Baysal
Dimensions and units ...................................................................................8
Unit conversions ..........................................................................................14
Significant figures .......................................................................................15
Errors in measurements .............................................................................16
Statistical significance .................................................................................17
Recording data: Keeping a good notebook ..................................................20
Presenting data: Writing a laboratory report ...............................................21
Cover page ....................................................................................................21
Table of contents ..........................................................................................21
Theoretical background .............................................................................21
Materials .......................................................................................................22
Procedure .....................................................................................................22
Experimental data, observations, and calculations ................................22
Graphs ...........................................................................................................22
Results and discussion ...............................................................................23
References .........................................................................................................23
vii
viii Contents
Chapter 2 Characterization techniques ...................................................27
Surface tension measurements .......................................................................27
Seyda Bucak
Introduction .................................................................................................27
Static surface tension measurements ........................................................29
Shape and pressure methods ...........................................................30
Force methods ....................................................................................36
Dynamic surface tension measurements .................................................39
Maximum bubble pressure ..............................................................40
Spinning drop ....................................................................................40
Other methods .............................................................................................40
References .....................................................................................................40
Viscosity/rheological measurements ............................................................41
Patrick Underhill
Introduction .................................................................................................41
Fluids versus solids and viscoelasticity .........................................41
Material functions .............................................................................42
Kinematics ..........................................................................................42
Capillary flow ..............................................................................................42
Newtonian profile ..............................................................................43
Weissenberg–Rabinowitsch method ...............................................43
Drag flow ......................................................................................................44
Parallel plates .....................................................................................44
Cone-and-plate ...................................................................................45
Couette flow .......................................................................................46
Additional considerations ..........................................................................47
Wall slip...............................................................................................47
Entrance effects ..................................................................................48
Edge effects .........................................................................................48
Instabilities .........................................................................................48
Torque sensitivity and instrument inertia .....................................49
Material segregation ..........................................................................49
Electrokinetic techniques ................................................................................49
Marek Kosmulski
Introduction .................................................................................................49
Units, order of magnitude, accuracy, and precision ...............................50
Model of the interface .................................................................................50
Sources of the electric potential in the interfacial region ......................52
Description of the system ...........................................................................53
Classical electrokinetic phenomena .........................................................54
Electrophoresis ...................................................................................55
Electroosmosis and streaming potential (current) .......................62