Clean Coal Technologies: Beneficiation, Utilization, Transport Phenomena and Prospective

665 Pages·2021·17.663 MB·English

by  Rajesh Kumar Jyothi, Pankaj Kumar Parhi

Rajesh Kumar Jyothi
Pankaj Kumar Parhi  Editors
Clean Coal
Technologies
Beneficiation, Utilization, Transport
Phenomena and Prospective
Clean Coal Technologies
Rajesh Kumar Jyothi • Pankaj Kumar Parhi
Editors
Clean Coal Technologies
Beneficiation, Utilization, Transport
Phenomena and Prospective
Editors
Rajesh Kumar Jyothi Pankaj Kumar Parhi
Convergence Research Center for Department of Chemistry
Development of Mineral Resources (DMR) Fakir Mohan University
Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Balasore, Odisha, India
Resources (KIGAM)
Daejeon, Republic of Korea
ISBN 978-3-030-68501-0 ISBN 978-3-030-68502-7 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68502-7
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Preface
In global scenario, coal is one of the vital sources, strategically utilized for genera-
tion of energy. The coal source has received broader attention worldwide for its
beneficiation owing to bear value adding physical and chemical constituents in it. In
similar to coal, the fly ash source management is becoming an emerged area of
research. Coal fly ash (CFA) is usually generated as a by-product after the combus-
tion of coal, and the liberation of the fly ash from the various power plants and
industries is abundant. Both coal and fly ash comprising REEs and other valuable
metals/non-metals ascertain about their potential applicability by developing suit-
able technology for recovery metal values as well as their utilization as activated
sorbent material for various environmental remediation processes. In addition, there
is significance of numerous applications of both as source of raw material for mak-
ing promising composite material(s). Ample amount of studies are being devoted on
beneficiation-cum-management of coal, coal ash, and fly ash through various physi-
cal, chemical and biological processing approaches.
This book accomplishes various prospective applications of coal and fly ash, and
extensive research studies are being taken up by researchers on physical/chemical
beneficiation, slurry stabilization behaviour, rheology and prospective utilization of
making various advanced building construction as well as value-adding material
such as cement, brick, geo-polymer, zeolites, concrete, filtering composite material
and activated sorbent material(s) including bio-char through numerous methodolo-
gies thereof. The entire prospective utilization, beneficiation and development of
environmental friendly technology of coal have been categorically covered in sev-
eral chapters as described herein.
Generation of fly ash, its rheology, transport behaviour and proposed mechanism
on stabilization of fly ash slurry using additives have been detailed. Fly ash is con-
sidered as a waste material often dumped in various disposal sites directly leading
to cause several environmental concerns. Therefore, it could be transported to the
disposal site after proper pre-treatment; then the issues due to the contamination as
well as cost of waste management could be minimized. Unlike coal water slurry, fly
ash slurry is being made to do the pipeline transportation in which water acts as a
medium, and with the help of a pump, fly ash particles are transported from power
v
vi Preface
stations to ash ponds. The role of additive is a critical one; presently, natural organic
surfactants that are used as promising additive in the stabilization of fly ash slurry
are comprehensively illustrated.
Beneficiation of coal accomplishes physical concentration method,
e.g. agglomeration approach that appears to be versatile towards the treatment of
ultra-fine coal particles. The critical parameter affecting the agglomeration has been
extensively discussed and reported. The researchers have developed the technology
on environmental remediation by utilizing several activated coal for removal of
toxic heavy metals. Pre-treatment of the coals, activating agent(s) and operative fac-
tors such as temperature, heating rate, reagent dosage and holding time, influencing
the nature of the activated coal product that resulted, is systematically summarized
and presented. The other way of beneficiation of coal is through biological pro-
cesses. The heterotrophs and acidophilic microbes are adopted under acidic envi-
ronment to remove organic sulphur by converting it to sulphite form via 4S pathway.
The sulphur found at the pyrite gets oxidized to produce sulphuric acid by microbes.
The bioleaching approach with the adoption of iron-reducing bacteria could effec-
tively dissolve the sulphur content from the coal phase, which substantially resulted
as sulphuric acid. In addition to it, the content of rare and heavy metals in both coal
and fly ash phases lured to the metallurgist to extract out by hydro-processing
approach. Chemical and bioleaching of these metals are carried out by optimizing
the operating leaching parameters. Thereby, the coal ash and fly ash phases are ben-
eficiated after the removal of organic and inorganic components for their further
utilization.
The typical bio-char was also synthesized and its physical and chemical behav-
iour was examined. The equilibrium sorption studies using the bio-char were inves-
tigated. After the activation studies of bio-char and its effective applications for
substantial removal, the study of several metals and other ionic contaminates from
wastewater has been overviewed and presented. Desulphurization of coal is essen-
tial by adopting suitable environmental friendly processes. The attempt on desul-
phurization study by adopting various biological approaches was reviewed and
presented. The surface modification studies of bio-char have been investigated to
ascertain on upgrading of the physicochemical characteristic properties. This would
lead to improve on increase in chemical interactions accomplishing electrostatic
attraction, surface complexation and ion exchange behaviour, as described.
The coal fly ash generated out of coal (utilized at thermal power plants) is usu-
ally dumped as such to the environment, but its economic importance for claiming
various valuable metals, including rare earth metals as well as other components,
ensures for its potential source in metallurgical prospective. Several processing
approaches on recovery of these REEs and other metal as well as non-metal values
out of the CFA followed by their safe disposal to the environments are extensively
investigated as stated. Furthermore, the critical aspect of fly ash as economic source
of metals, non-metals and the assessment in contest of its environmental impact has
been illustrated. The CFA as potential sources of REEs and incorporation of carbon
mineralization process for recovering REEs has been reviewed and reported.
Preface vii
The insight of understanding about the incorporation of nano-particles for improv-
ing the effectiveness of activated carbon for its application in wastewater purifica-
tion study is reviewed as presented.
Balasore, Odisha, India Pankaj Kumar Parhi
Daejeon, Republic of Korea Rajesh Kumar Jyothi
Contents
1 Mineral Beneficiation and Processing of Coal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Tonmoy Kundu, Surya Kanta Das, Dinesh Kumar Biswal,
and Shivakumar I. Angadi
2 Natural Dispersant in Coal Water Slurry Stabilization . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Debadutta Das, Prativa Kar, Bijnyan Ranjan Das,
Ranjan Kumar Mohapatra, Subrata Narayan Das,
Pankaj Kumar Parhi, and Umakanta Behera
3 Application of Biotechnological Approach for
Making Coal an Environmentally Friendly Fuel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Haragobinda Srichandan, Puneet Kumar Singh,
Pankaj Kumar Parhi, and Snehasish Mishra
4 Oil Agglomeration Towards Quality Enhancement
of High-Ash Coals: The Indian Scenario . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Saswati Chakladar, Ashok Kumar Mohanty,
and Sanchita Chakravarty
5 Preparation of Coal-Derived Activated Carbon and Its
Application for Adsorption of Metals from Aqueous Solutions . . . . . 83
Kurniawan and Sookyung Kim
6 Characteristic and Equilibrium Adsorption Studies of Biochar . . . . 143
Vijetha Ponnam, Subbaiah Tondepu, and Rajesh Kumar Jyothi
7 Bio-Desulfurization of Coal Using Biotechnological
Approach, Making Coal a Less Harmful Fuel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
Hafiz Ahmad Ishfaq, Ayantika Banerjee, and Sanaullah Qamar
8 Environmental Benign Biochar Technologies: Strategic Utilization
for CO Capture and Wastewater Treatment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
2
Mohd Danish Khan and Ji Whan Ahn
ix
x Contents
9 Role of Nanomaterials: Enhancing the Adsorption Efficiency of
Activated Carbon in Wastewater Treatment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215
Kiranmai Reddy Majji, Venkata Naga Suresh Reddy Kachireddy,
Shashi Kumar Kuruva Nandyal, and Sreenivasa Rao Battula
10 Adsorption of Metals Using Activated Carbon Derived from Coal . . 233
Parag Girhe, Divya Barai, and Bharat Bhanvase
11 Generation, Transportation and Utilization of Indian Coal Ash . . . . 267
Ranjan Kumar Mohapatra, Pradeep Kumar Das, Dulal C. Kabiraz,
Debadutta Das, Ajit Behera, and Md. Kudrat-E-Zahan
12 Studies on Extraction of Heavy Metal (s) from Fly
Ash through Hydroprocessing Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289
Saroj Sekhar Behera, Surendra Hansdah, Debadutta Das,
Pankaj Kumar Parhi, and Rajesh Kumar Jyothi
13 Investigation on Extraction and Recovery of Rare Earth
Elements from Coal Combustion Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311
Verónica Cristina Arellano Ruiz, Pankaj Kumar Parhi,
Jin-Young Lee, and Rajesh Kumar Jyothi
14 Recovery of Rare Earth and Some Other Potential
Elements from Coal Fly Ash for Sustainable Future . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339
Harshit Mahandra, Brendan Hubert, and Ahmad Ghahreman
15 Coal Fly Ash Utilisation and Environmental Impact . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381
Shanjida Sultana, Saifuddin Ahsan, Sakib Tanvir, Nawshad Haque,
Firoz Alam, and Mohan Yellishetty
16 Utilization of Circulating Fluidized Bed Combustion
Fly Ash for Simultaneous Recovery of Rare Earth
Elements and CO Capture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403
2
Quang Tuan Lai, Thriveni Thenepalli, and Ji Whan Ahn
17 Developments in Characterization and Mineral Processing
of Coal Fly Ash for Recovery of Rare Earth Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . 431
Tumuluri Sreenivas, Md Serajuddin, Ramkaran Moudgil,
and Kacham Anand Rao
18 Coal Burn Ash: A Sustainable Future Resource
for Critical Metals Production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 473
Manis Kumar Jha, Archana Kumari, Rekha Panda,
Rukshana Parween, Sanchita Chakravarty, and Rajesh Kumar Jyothi
19 Characterization and Utilization of Coal Ash for Synthesis
of Building Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 487
Shaswat Kumar Das, Subhabrata Mishra, Debadutta Das,
Syed Mohammed Mustakim, Cyriaque Rodrigue Kaze,
and Pankaj Kumar Parhi
Contents xi
20 Prospective Utilization of Coal Fly Ash for
Making Advanced Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 511
Aritra Kumar Dan, Dipanjan Bhattacharjee, Saikat Ghosh,
Saroj Sekhar Behera, Birendra Kumar Bindhani, Debadutta Das,
and Pankaj Kumar Parhi
21 Biochar Production for Green Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 533
Ayantika Banerjee
22 Distribution of Rare Earth Elements in Coal and Coal Fly Ash . . . . 557
Sanjay Agarwal, Vishal Kumar Dubey, Kyung Ho Park,
and Jin-Young Lee
23 Recent Development in Metal Extraction from Coal Fly Ash. . . . . . . 575
Hong Vu, Tomáš Frýdl, Tadeáš Bastl, Petr Dvořák,
Eva Kristianová, and Tomáš Tomáško
24 Application of Geochemical Modeling in Rare Earth Elements
Leaching of Coal Combustion and Secondary Residues . . . . . . . . . . . 605
Joyce N. Odimba and Rafael M. Santos
25 Ionic Liquids for the Recovery of Rare Earth Elements
from Coal Combustion Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 617
Isaac Kwabena Danso, Ana Belen Cueva-Sola, Zubair Masaud,
Jin- Young Lee, and Rajesh Kumar Jyothi
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 639