Table Of ContentCitizenship, Diversity, and Pluralism
Canadian and Comparative Perspectives
Citizenship has both a vertical and a horizontal dimension. The vertical
links individuals to the state by reinforcing the idea that it is "their" state
- that they are full members of an ongoing association that is expected to
survive the passing generations. Accordingly their relation to the state is
not narrowly instrumental but is supported by a reservoir of loyalty and
patriotism that gives legitimacy to the state. The horizontal relationship
is the positive identification with fellow citizens as valued members of
the same civic community. Here citizenship reinforces empathy and sus-
tains solidarity through its official endorsement of who counts as "one of
us." Citizenship, therefore, is a linking mechanism that in its most per-
fect expression binds the citizenry to the state and to each other.
Citizenship, Diversity, and Pluralism assesses the transformation of
these two dimensions of citizenship in increasingly diverse and plural
modern societies, both in Canada and internationally. Subjects addressed
include the changing ethnic demography of states, social citizenship,
multiculturalism, feminist perspectives on citizenship, aboriginal nation-
alism, identity politics, and the internationalization of human rights.
ALAN c. CAIRNS is adjunct professor of political science at the Univer-
sity of Waterloo and author of Charter versus Federalism: The Dilem-
mas of Constitutional Reform.
JOHN c. COURTNEY is professor of political studies at the University
of Saskatchewan and author of Do Conventions Matter? Choosing Na-
tional Party Leaders in Canada.
PETER MACKINNNON is president of the University of Saskatchewan
and has served as president of both the Canadian Association of Law
Teachers and the Council of Canadian Law Deans.
HANS j. MICHELMANN is professor of political studies and acting asso-
ciate dean (Academic) of the College of Arts and Science at the Univer-
sity of Saskatchewan.
DAVID E. SMITH is professor of political studies at the University of
Saskatchewan and author of The Republican Option in Canada: Past
and Present.
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Citizenship, Diversity,
and Pluralism
Canadian and Comparative
Perspectives
EDITED BY
ALAN C. CAIRNS
JOHN C. COURTNEY
PETER MACKINNON
HANS J. M I C H E L M A NN
AND DAVID E. SMITH
McGill-Queen's University Press
Montreal & Kingston • London • Ithaca
McGill-Queen's University Press 1999
ISBN 0-7735-1888-6 (cloth)
ISBN 0-7735-1893-2 (paper)
Legal deposit fourth quarter 1999
Bibliotheque nationale du Quebec
Printed in Canada on acid-free paper
This book has been published with the help of a grant
from the University of Saskatchewan.
McGill-Queen's University Press acknowledges the
financial support of the Government of Canada through
the Book Publishing Industry Development Program
(BPIDP) for its activities. We also acknowledge the support
of the Canada Council for the Arts for our publishing
program.
Canada
Canadian Cataloguing in Publication Data
Main entry under title:
Citizenship, diversity, and pluralism: Canadian and
comparative perspectives
Papers presented at a conference held in Saskatoon,
Oct.3o-Nov. i, 1997.
Includes bibliographical references.
ISBN 0-7735-1888-6 (bnd)
ISBN 0-7735-1893-2. (pbk)
i. Citizenship. 2. Citizenship - Canada. 3. Pluralism
(Social sciences) 4. Multiculturalism - Canada.
I. Cairns, Alan C.
jF8oi.C5734 1999 323.6 099-900886-2
This book was typeset by Typo Litho Composition Inc.
in 10/12 Sabon.
Contents
Preface vii
Contributors ix
i Introduction 3
ALAN C. CAIRNS
2. Empire, Globalization, and the Fall and Rise of
Diversity 2.3
ALAN C. CAIRNS
3 Reflections on Ethnic Politics 5 8
ANTHONY H. BIRCH
4 "Landed" Citizenship: Narratives of Aboriginal Political
Participation 72,
JOHN BORROWS
5 Just How Civic Is Civic Nationalism in Quebec? 87
JEREMY WEBBER
6 Social Citizenship and the Multicultural Welfare
State 108
KEITH G. BANTING
vi Contents
7 Is Citizenship a Gendered Concept? 137
C. LYNN SMITH
8 National Self-Determination and Tomorrow's Political
Map 163
WALKER CONNOR
9 The Legal Enforcement of Social Norms:
Techniques and Principles 177
DENISE G. REAUME
10 Citizenship, Diversity, and Pluralism:
The Case of the European Union 202,
JOHN ERIK FOSSUM
11 The Purchased Revolution in South Africa 231
HERIBERT ADAM
12 Citizenship, Human Rights, and Diversity 247
VIRGINIA LEARY
13 Democratic Exclusion (and Its Remedies?) 265
CHARLES TAYLOR
Preface
In this volume are collected papers delivered at the conference on "Cit-
izenship, Diversity, and Pluralism: Canadian and Comparative Per-
spectives" in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, from 30 October to i
November 1997. The conference was inspired by the familiar dictum
that political science without constitutional law is blind, and constitu-
tional law without political science is empty. It reflects the commit-
ment of the Department of Political Studies and the College of Law at
the University of Saskatchewan to interdisciplinary collaboration in
promoting and advancing debate on issues of public importance. It
was the fifth major event sponsored by the two departments since the
series was inaugurated in 1990 by the conference (and now volume)
After Meech Lake (Fifth House Publishers, 1991).
In addition to scholars and other participants from around the world,
the audiences at our conferences have typically included large numbers of
students at the University of Saskatchewan. Among our objectives was to
expose students to the powerful contribution that academic discourse can
make in illuminating issues and offering alternatives for policy-makers to
consider. Our students represent the future, and we are pleased to dedi-
cate this volume to them.
We want to express our appreciation to the Law Foundation Chair En-
dowment Committee, the College of Law Endowment Fund Committee,
and the Publications Fund of the University of Saskatchewan for their as-
sistance in sponsoring this publication and the conference on which it is
based, and to McGill-Queen's University Press for publishing this volume.
viii Preface
We are particularly grateful to Russell Isinger for his excellent edito-
rial assistance during the preparation of this book.
Alan C. Cairns
John C. Courtney
Peter MacKinnon
Hans Michelmann
David E. Smith
Contributors
HERIBERT ADAM is a professor of sociology at Simon Fraser Univer-
sity. Between 1992. and 1995 he was visiting professor at the University
of Cape Town, South Africa. His most recent work is (with F. van Zyl
Slabbert and K. Moodley) Comrades in Business: Post-Liberation Poli-
tics in South Africa (Cape Town: Tafelberg, 1997). Since 1960 he has
published 120 pieces on South Africa, comparative ethnic conflicts,
and other topics.
KEITH G. BANTING is a professor of political science and director of the
School of Policy Studies at Queens University, Kingston. In 1997-98 he
was visiting professor at the Centre for European Studies, Harvard Uni-
versity. His most recent works include "The Internationalization of the
Social Contract," in The Future of the Nation State in a Global/Infor-
mation Era: Policy Challenges, ed. Thomas J. Courchene (Kingston:
John Deutsch Institute for the Study of Economic Policy, Queens
University, 1997), as well as "Social Policy," in Border Crossings: The
Internationalization of Canadian Policy, ed. G.B. Doern. L. Pal and
B. Tomlin (Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1996).
ANTHONY H. BIRCH is Professor Emeritus of political science at the
University of Victoria. He is the author of the Concepts and Theories
of Modern Democracy (London: Routledge, 1993) and Nationalism
and National Integration (London: Unwin, 1989). His works on Brit-
ish politics include Political Integration and Disintegration in the Brit-
ish Isles (London: Allen and Unwin, 1977) and The British System of
Government (8th ed., London: Harper Collins Academic, 1991).
