Table Of ContentPROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH
VOLUME 91
CIRCUMVENTRICULAR ORGANS
AND BRAIN FLUID ENVIRONMENT:
MOLECULAR AND FUNCTIONAL
ASPECTS
EDITED BY
ARMIN ERMISCH
RAINER LANDGRAF
HANS-JOACHIM RUHLE
Section of Biosciences, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
ELSEVIER
AMSTERDAM - LONDON - NEW YORK - TOKYO
1992
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V
This volume is dedicated to
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on the occasion of his
70th birthday
VII
List of Contributors
Cs. Abrahzim, Departments of Pharmacology and Pediatrics, Albert Szent-Gyorgyi Medical University,
P.O. Box 471, Szeged, H-6701, Hungary.
M. Aguera, Laboratory of Pathological Anatomy, INSERM CJF 90.10-CNRS 1195, Faculty of Medicine
Alexis Carrel, Lyon Cedex 08, F-69372, France.
M.A. Ali, Department of Biology, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
T. Arzberger, Neurological Clinic, Technical University, Munich, Germany.
B. Bagdan, Neuroscience Research Group and Department of Medical Physiology, University of Calgary,
3330 Hospital Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada.
U. Bahner. Department of Nephrology, Medical Clinic, University of Wiirzburg, Wiirzburg, Germany.
B.J. Baker, Division of Neurological Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland, School of
Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, U.S.A.
W.A. Banks, Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Tulane University School of Medicine, 1601 Perdido St.,
New Orleans, LA 70146, U.S.A.
D. J. Begley, Biomedical Sciences Division, King’s College London, Strand, London, WC2R 2LS, U.K.
M.F. Belin, Laboratory of Pathological Anatomy, INSERM CJF 90.10-CNRS 1195, Faculty of Medicine
Alexis Carrel, Lyon Cedex 08, F-69372, France.
C. Beuckmann, Westfalian Wilhelms University, Institute of Biochemistry, Wilhelm-Klemm-Str. 2,
Miinster, W-4400. Germany.
A. Bezzegh, Central Laboratory, Markusovszky Teaching Hospital, Haman K. u. 28, Szombathely, H-9701,
Hungary.
R.J. Bicknell, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Department of Neuroendocrinology, Babraham
Hall, Cambridge, U.K.
H.-J. Bidmon, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, 534 Taylor Hall, University of North Carolina,
Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7090, U.S.A.
C.M. Blatteis, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Tennessee, 894 Union Avenue,
Memphis, TN 38163, U.S.A.
P. Bobiller, INSERM U171, CNRS UA 1195, Functional Neurochemical Group, Hospital Lyon Sud, Pierre
Benite, 69310, France.
M.W.B. Bradbury, Department of Physiology, King’s College, Division of Biomedical Sciences
(Physiology), Strand, London, WC2R 2LS, U.K.
A. Brattstrom, Institute of Physiology, Medical School of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, 0-3090, Germany.
M.W. Brightman, Laboratory of Neurobiology, NINDS, National Institutes of Health, Bldg. 36, Room 2A-
29, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
R.D. Broadwell, Division of Neurological Surgery, Department of Surgery and Department of Pathology,
University of Maryland, School of Medicine, 634 MSTF Bldg., 10 South Pine Street, Baltimore, MD
21201, U.S.A.
P. Brust. Section of Biosciences, University of Leipzig, Talstrasse 33, Leipzig, 0-7010, Germany.
W. Brysch, Max Planck Institute of Biophysical Chemistry, Department Neurobiology, Am Fassberg, Got-
tingen, W-3400, Germany.
J. Bufler, Physiological Institute, Technical University, Munich, Germany.
P.M. Bull, Department of Physiology, University Medical School, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh,
U.K.
A.M. Butt, Physiology Group, Division of Biomedical Sciences, King’s College London, Campden Hill
Road, London, W8 7AH, U.K.
VIII
H. Cammish, Sherrington School of Physiology, United Medical and Dental Schools of Guy’s and St.
Thomas’s Hospitals, St. Thomas’s Campus, Lambeth Palace Road, London, SEl 7EH, U.K.
J. Cervbs-Navarro, Institute of Neuropathology, University Clinic Center Steglitz, Free University of Berlin,
Berlin 45, W-lO00, Germany.
A. Chodobski, Department of Clinical and Applied Physiology, Institute of Physiological Sciences, School
of Medioine, 00-927, Warsaw, Poland.
L. Chouaf, Laboratory of Pathological Anatomy, INSERM CJF 90.10-CNRS 1195, Faculty of Medicine
Alexis Carrel, Lyon Cedex 08, F-69372, France.
H.F. Cserr, Section of Physiology, Brown University, P.O. Box G-B318, Providence, RI 02912, U.S.A.
E.R. De Kloet, Department of Medical Pharmacology, Center for Bio-Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leiden, The
Netherlands.
D. De Wied, Department of Pharmacology, Rudolf Magnus Institute, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The
Netherlands.
W. DeJong, Basic Research Institute, Marion Merrell Dow, Strasbourg, France.
P.K. Dey, Department of Physiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi,
221 005, India.
M. Didier-Bazes, Laboratory of Pathological Anatomy, INSERM CJF 90.10-CNRS 1195, Faculty of
Medicine Alexis Carrel, Lyon Cedex 08, F-69372, France.
A.J. Douglas, Department of Physiology, University Medical School, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh,
U.K.
N. Duchier-Liris, Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry, CJF INSERM 88.06, Faculty of Medicine, Universi-
ty of Auvergne, 28 place Henri-Dunant, Clermont-Ferrand Cedex, F-63001, France.
P. Ebert, Division of Neurological Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland, School of
Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, U.S.A.
G.L. Edwards, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University
of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, U.S.A.
J. Elands, Max Planck Institute for Psychiatry, Kraepelinstr. 2, Munich 40, W-8O00, Germany.
A. Ermisch, Section of Biosciences, University of Leipzig, Talstrasse 33, Leipzig, 0-7010, Germany.
A.V. Ferguson, Department of Physiology, Queen’s University Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada.
M. Fodor, Laboratory of Neuromorphology, Semmelweis University Medical School, Tiizoltb u. 58,
Budapest, H-1450, Hungary.
A. Frey, Biological Science Center, Boston University, 5 Cummington Street, Boston, MA 02215, U.S.A.
M. Gdlfi, Endocrine Unit, Albert Szent-Gyorgyi Medical University, Szeged, Hungary.
H.-J. Galla, Westfalian Wilhelms University, Institute of Biochemistry, Wilhelm-Klemm-Str. 2, Munster,
W-4400, Germany.
H.G. Gassen, Institute of Biochemistry, Technical College of Darmstadt, Petersenstr. 22, Darmstadt, W-
6100, Germany.
N. Gay, INSERM U171, CNRS UA 1195, Functional Neurochemical Group, Hospital Lyon Sud, Pierre
Benite, 69310, France.
H. Geiger, IVth Medical Clinic, University of Erlangen-Niirnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
R. Gerstberger, W.G. Kerckhoff Institute, Max Planck Institute of Physiological and Clinical Research,
Parkstrasse 1, Bad Nauheim, W-6350, Germany.
J.F. Ghersi-Egea, University of Nancy I, Medicament Center, CNRS URA 597, 30 Rue Lionnois, Nancy,
F-54000, France.
A. Gjedde, Positron Imaging Laboratories, McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological In-
stitute, 3801 University Street, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 2B4, Canada.
E. Goudsmit, Netherlands Institute for Brain Research, Meibergdreef 33, 1105 AZ Amsterdam ZO, The
Netherlands.
E. Grange, INSERM U171, CNRS UA 1195, Functional Neurochemical Group, Hospital Lyon Sud, Pierre
Benite, 69310, France.
D.A. Gray, W.G. Kerckhoff Institute, Max Planck Institute of Physiological and Clinical Research,
Parkstrasse 1, Bad Nauheim, W-6350, Germany.
P.M. Gross, Neurosurgical Research Unit, Departments of Surgery and Physiology, Queen’s University, 146
Stuart Street, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada.
IX
J.M. Guerrero, Department of Biochemistry, University of Seville, Faculty of Medicine, Avada Sanchez Piz-
juan 4, Seville, 41009, Spain.
D. Gupta, Department of Diagnostic Endocrinology, University Children’s Hospital, Tubingen, W-7400,
Germany.
D. Haussler, Department of Diagnostic Endocrinology, University Children’s Hospital, Tubingen, W-7400,
Germany.
C. Haldar, Department of Diagnostic Endocrinology, University Children’s Hospital, Tubingen, W-7400,
Germany.
H. Hardin, Laboratory of Pathological Anatomy, INSERM CJF 90.10-CNRS 1195, Faculty of Medicine
Alexis Carrel, Lyon Cedex 08, F-69372, France.
D. Hards, Howard Florey Institute of Experimental Physiology and Medicine, University of Melbourne,
Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
M. Hasegawa, Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Nagoya University, Chikusa,
Nagoya, 464-01, Japan.
P.H. Hashimoto, Department of Anatomy, Osaka University, Medical School, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita,
Osaka 565, Japan.
H. Hatt, Physiological Institute, Technical University, Munich, Germany.
A. Heidland, Department of Nephrology, Medical Clinic, University of Wiirzburg, Wurzburg, Germany.
W.F. Hickey, Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, Washington University, School of
Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63 1 10, U.S. A.
K. Hirunagi, Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Nagoya University, Chikusa,
Nagoya, 464-01, Japan.
W. Hoffmann, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Neurochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18 A,
Martinsried, W-8033, Germany.
M.A. Hofman, Netherlands Institute for Brain Research, Meibergdreef 33, 1105 AZ Amsterdam ZO, The
Netherlands.
B.B. Johansson, Department of Neurology, Lund University Hospital, Lund, S-22185, Sweden.
A.K. Johnson, Spence Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242,
U.S.A.
I. Jbjilrt, Endocrine Unit of First Department of Medicine, Albert Szent-Gyorgyi Medical University, Szeg-
ed, Hungary.
J. Jbjilrt, Department of Anatomy, Albert Szent-Gyorgyi Medical University, Szeged, Hungary.
H.C. Jones, Physiology Group, Division of Biomedical Sciences, King’s College London, Campden Hill
Road, London, W8 7AH, U.K.
F. Job, Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Center, Szeged,
H-6701, Hungary.
J. Julesz, Endocrine Unit, Albert Szent-Gyorgyi Medical University, Koranyi fasor 8, Szeged, H-6720,
Hungary.
M. Kadekaro, Division of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, U.S.A.
Y. Kadota, Department of Neurosurgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
A. Karoumi, Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry, CJF INSERM 88.06, Faculty of Medicine, University of
Auvergne, 28 place Henri Dunant, Clermont-Ferrand Cedex, F-63001, France.
A.J. Kastin, Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Tulane University, School of Medicine, 1601 Perdido St.,
New Orleans, LA 70146, U.S.A.
R.F. Keep, Physiology Group, Division of Biomedical Sciences, King’s College London, Campden Hill
Road, London, W8 7AH, U.K.
, M. Koltai, Department of Pharmacology, Albert Szent-Gyorgyi Medical University, Szeged, Hungary.
H.-W. Korf, Center of Morphology, Department of Neurobiology, J.W. Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-
Kai 7, Frankfurt, W-6oO0, Germany.
G.L. KovBcs, Central Laboratory, Markusovszky Teaching Hospital, Haman K. u. 28, Szombathely, H-
9701, Hungary.
J. Kovilcs, Department of Pediatrics, Albert Szent-Gyorgyi Medical University, Szeged, H-6701, Hungary.
G.P. Kozlowski’, Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry
Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75235-9040, U.S.A.
X
E. Koiniewska, Department of Clinical and Applied Physiology, Institute of Physiological Sciences, School
of Medicine, Krakowskie Przedmiescie 26/28, Warsaw, 00-927, Poland.
H.P.H. Kremer, Department of Neurology, Academic Hospital Leiden, Rijnsburgerweg 10, 2333 AA
Leiden, The Netherlands.
R. Kretzschmar, University of Leipzig, Section of Biosciences, Talstr. 33, Leipzig, 0-7010, Germany.
8. Krisch, Department of Anatomy, University of Kiel, Olshausenstr. 40, Kiel, W-2300, Germany.
H. Kuwabara, Positron Imaging Laboratories, McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological In-
stitute, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 2B4, Canada.
F. Laczi, Endocrine Unit of First Department of Medicine, Albert Szent-Gyorgyi Medical University, Szeg-
ed, Hungary.
R. Landgraf, Section of Biosciences, University of Leipzig, Talstrasse 33, Leipzig, 0-7010, Germany.
P. J. Larsen, Institute of Medical Anatomy, Department B, The Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen,
Blegdamsvej 3, Copenhagen DK-2200, Denmark.
L. Latzkovits, Section of Physiology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, U.S.A.
B. Leininger-Muller, University of Nancy I, Medicament Center, CNRS URA 597, 30 Rue Lionnois, Nancy,
F-54000, France.
G. Leng, Department of Neuroendocrinology, AFRC IAPGR, Babraham, U.K.
I. Lengyel, Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Center,
Szeged, H-6701, Hungary.
Z. Lenkei, Laboratory of Neuromorphology, Semmelweis University Medical School, Tuzolt6 u. 58,
Budapest, H-1450, Hungary.
P. Lepetit, Laboratory of Pathological Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine Alexis Carrel, Rue Guillaume
Paradin, Lyon Cedex 08, F-69372, France.
M. Lindvall-Axelsson, Department of Medical Cell Research, Section of Neurobiology, University of Lund,
Biskopsgatan 5, Lund, S-223 62, Sweden.
H. Listing, Institute of Physiology, Medical School of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.
R.M. McAllen. Howard Florey Institute of Experimental Physiology and Medicine, University of
Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
M. McKinley, Howard Florey Institute of Experimental Physiology and Medicine, University of Melbourne,
Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
I.A. McPherson, Sherrington School of Physiology, United Medical and Dental Schools of Guy’s and St.
Thomas’s Hospitals, St. Thomas’s Campus, Lambeth Palace Road, London, SEl 7EH, U.K.
B. Meckelein, Boston University, School of Medicine, The Arthritis Center, 80 East Concord Street, Boston,
MA 02118, USA.
A. Meiniel, Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry, CJF INSERM 88.06, Faculty of Medicine, University of
Auvergne, 28 place Henri Dunant, Clermont-Ferrand Cedex, F-63001, France.
R. Meiniel, Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry, CJF INSERM 88.06, Faculty of Medicine, University of
Auvergne, 28 place Henri Dunant, Clermont-Ferrand Cedex, F-63001, France.
G. Merker, Institute of Physiology, Clinical Center, Justus Liebig University, Aulweg 129, Giessen, W-6300,
Germany.
E. Meyer, Positron Imaging Laboratories, McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological In-
stitute, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 2B4, Canada.
J. Meyer, Westfalian Wilhelms University, Institute of Biochemistry, Wilhelm-Klemm-Str. 2, Munster, W-
4400, Germany.
J.D. Mikkelsen, Institute of Medical Anatomy, Department B, The Panum Institute, University of
Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, Copenhagen, DK-2200, Denmark.
R. Miller, Basic Research Institute, Marion Merrell Dow, Strasbourg, France.
A. Minn, University of Nancy I, Medicament Center, CNRS URA 597, 30 Rue Lionnois, Nancy, F-54000,
France.
B. Mocktl, Institute of Biochemistry, Technical College of Darmstadt, Petersenstr. 22, Darmstadt, W-6100,
Germany.
J.-L. Molat, Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry, CJF INSERM 88.06, Faculty of Medicine, University of
Auvergne, 28 place Henri Dunant. Clermont-Ferrand Cedex, F-63001, France.
J. Molnir, Institute of Microbiology, Albert Szent-Gyorgyi Medical University, Szeged, Hungary.
XI
A.R. Mueller, W.G. Kerckhoff Institute, Max Planck Institute of Physiological and Clinical Research,
Parkstrasse 1, Bad Nauheim, W-6350, Germany.
I. Neumann, Section of Biosciences, University of Leipzig, Talstrasse 33, Leipzig, 0-7010, Germany.
Y .-C. Ng, Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, P.O. Box 850,
Hershey, PA 17033, U.S.A.
G. Nilaver, Department of Neurology, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, OR, U.S.A.
C. Nilsson, Department of Medical Cell Research, Section of Neurobiology, University of Lund, Biskops-
gatan 5, Lund, S-223 62, Sweden.
L. Nyuli, Alcohol Unit, Markusovszky Teaching Hospital, Szombathely, H-9701, Hungary.
S. Ohta, Positron Imaging Laboratories, McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute,
3801 University Street, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 2B4, Canada.
B. J. Oldfield, Howard Florey Institute of Experimental Physiology and Medicine, University of Melbourne,
Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
Y. Olsson, Laboratory of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital, Uppsala, S-75185,
Sweden.
M. Oseka, Department of Clinical and Applied Physiology, Institute of Physiological Sciences, School of
Medicine, Warsaw, Poland.
C. Owman, Department of Medical Cell Research, Section of Neurobiology, University of Lund, Biskops-
gatan 5, Lund, S-223 62, Sweden.
M. Palkovits, Laboratory of Neuromorphology. Semmelweis University Medical School, Tiizoltd u. 58,
Budapest, H-1450, Hungary.
B. Penke, Institute of Chemistry, Albert Szent-Gyorgyi Medical University, Szeged, H-6701, Hungary.
A. Pettersson, Laboratory of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital, Uppsala, S-
75185, Sweden.
Q.J. Pittman, Neuroscience Research Group and Department of Medical Physiology, University of Calgary,
3330 Hospital Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada.
M. Pross, Institute of Physiology, Medical School of Magdeburg, Germany.
K.M. Pumford, Department of Physiology, University Medical School, University of Edinburgh, Edin-
burgh, U.K.
J. Rauh, Westfalian Wilhelms University, Institute of Biochemistry, Wilhelm-Klemm-Str. 2, Miinster, W-
4400, Germany.
R. Ravid, Netherlands Institute for Brain Research, Meibergdreef 33, 1105 AZ Amsterdam ZO, The
Netherlands.
R.J. Reiter, Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at
San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78284, U.S.A.
S. Rother, Zoological Institute, J.W. Goethe University, Siesmayerstr. 70, Frankfurt/Main, W-6OO0, Ger-
many.
H.-J. Riihle, Section of Biosciences, University of Leipzig, Talstrasse 33, Leipzig, 0-7010, Germany.
J.A. Russell, Department of Physiology, University Medical School, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place,
Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, U.K.
K.-H. Schlingensiepen, Department Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute of Biophysical Chemistry, Am
Fassberg, Gottingen, W-3400, Germany.
P. Schmidt, Institute of Medical Physiology, Department C, The Panum Institute, University of
Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
R. Schmidt, Zoological Institute, J.W. Goethe University, Siesmayerstr. 70, Frankfurt/Main, W-6oO0, Ger-
many.
H. Schiitz, W.G. Kerckhoff Institute, Max Planck Institute of Physiological and Clinical Research,
Parkstrasse 1, Bad Nauheim, W-6350, Germany.
H. Schwarzberg, Institute of Physiology, Medical School of Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, Magdeburg, 0-
3090, Germany.
M.B. Segal, Sherrington School of Physiology, United Medical and Dental Schools of Guy’s and St.
Thomas’s Hospitals, St. Thomas’s Campus, Lambeth Palace Road, London, SEl 7EH, U.K.
H.S. Sharma, Institute of Neuropathology, University Clinic Center Steglitz, Free University of Berlin,
Hindenburgdamm 30, Berlin 45, W-1O00, Germany.
XI1
S.P. Sheikh, Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, The Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen,
Copenhagen, Denmark.
G. Siest, University of Nancy I, Medicament Center, CNRS URA 597, 30 Rue Lionnois, Nancy, F-54000,
France.
C. Simon-Oppermann, W.G. Kerckhoff Institute, Max Planck Institute of Physiological and Clinical
Research, Parkstrasse 1, Bad Nauheim, W-6350, Germany.
M. Sonntag, Institute of Physiology, Medical School of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.
I. Sterzl, Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
W.E. Stumpf, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, 534 Taylor Hall, University of North Carolina,
Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7090, U.S.A.
J.Y. Summy-Long, Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, P.O.
Box 850, Hershey, PA 17033, U.S.A.
D.F. Swaab, Netherlands Institute for Brain Research, Royal Netherlands Academy of Sciences,
Meibergdreef 33, 1105 AZ Amsterdam ZO, The Netherlands.
P. Szerdahelyi, Central Research Laboratory, Albert Szent-Gybrgyi Medical University, Szeged, Hungary.
J. Szmydynger-Chodobska, Department of Clinical and Applied Physiology, Institute of Physiological
Sciences, School of Medicine, 00-927 Warsaw, Poland.
A. Tdsaki, Department of Pharmacology, Albert Szent-Gyorgyi Medical University, Szeged, Hungary.
S.I. Tsubaki, Department of Neurosurgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
M.V. Ugrumov, Institute of Developmental Biology, U.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences, 26 Vavilov str.,
Moscow, 117808, U.S.S.R.
M. VecsernyCs, Endocrine Unit of First Department of Medicine, Albert Szent-Gyorgyi Medical University,
P.O. Box 744, Szeged, H-6701, Hungary.
B. Vigh, 2nd Department of Anatomy, Semmelweis University Medical School, Tiizoltd u. 58, Budapest IX,
H-1094, Hungary.
1. Vigh-Teichmann, Neuroendocrine Laboratory of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences - Semmelweis
Medical University Joint Research Organization, Tuzoltd u. 58, Budapest IX, H-1094, Hungary.
J. Villegas, Division of Neurological Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland, School of
Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
L. Vivas, Howard Florey Institute of Experimental Physiology and Medicine, University of Melbourne,
Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
B. Voutsinos, Laboratory of Pathological Anatomy, INSERM CJF 90.10-CNRS 1195, Faculty of Medicine
Alexis Carrel, Lyon Cedex 08, F-69372, France.
S. Wakai, Department of Neurosurgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
H. Weiler-Giittler, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Building E 25-229, 77
Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA 021390, U.S.A.
A. Weindl, Neurological Clinic, Technical University, Mohlstr. 28, Munich 80, W-8O00, Germany.
R.S. Weisinger, Howard Florey Institute of Experimental Physiology and Medicine, University of
Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
J. Weisz, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University,
Hershey, PA 17033, U.S.A.
H. Wicht, Center of Morphology, Department of Neurobiology, J.W. Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-
Kai 7, Frankfurt, W-6OO0, Germany.
B. Winkler, Neurological Clinic, Technical University, Munich, Germany.
A.M. Zardetto-Smith, Department of Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, U.S.A.
E. Zeisberger, Institute of Physiology, Clinical Center, Justus Liebig University, Aulweg 129, Giessen, W-
6300, Germany.
H. Zinke, Institute of Biochemistry, Technical College of Darmstadt, Petersenstr. 22, Darmstad, W-6100,
Germany.
XI11
Preface
This volume contains papers submitted on the occasion of the fourth Reinhardsbrunn
Symposium on “Circumventricular Organs and Brain Fluid Environment: Molecular
and Functional Aspects” that was held in Leipzig, Germany, from March 24 to March
29, 1991. It provides a picture of the state of the art and of the perspectives opened
by new powerful approaches to the study of the structure and function of circumven-
tricular organs (CVOs). This term, inaugurated in the late fifties by Wolfgang
Bargmann and Helmut Hofer, is now well known and widely used in neuroscience.
In 1968, when Gunther Sterba (Leipzig) initiated the first international symposium
in Reinhardsbrunn on this topic, only a few specialists had been aware of the specific
peculiarities of these few and mostly microscopically small areas in the brain of
vertebrates. Today, it is widely accepted that at least some of the CVOs contain recep-
tors that are able to monitor fluctuations in blood-borne chemical signals and to
transfer that information to regulative centres located in other brain regions. Hence,
studies on the CVOs comprise many aspects, from cellular elements to the whole
organism: the accessibility of these organs for chemical signals, signal (ligand)-receptor
interactions, the transfer of information to distinct brain regions, the effects induced
in these brain regions and the influence on the regulation of body functions including
autonomic and behavioral alterations. Some of these aspects strongly depend upon the
microenvironment of the cells involved in this cascade of events. Therefore, the brain
fluid environment in its broadest sense is a central focus of the Reinhardsbrunn sym-
posia.
The composition of the fluids within the compartments of the brain is kept in
homeostasis by a variety of sophisticated regulatory mechanisms. Barriers within the
brain are the regulatory interfaces which have made the blood-brain barrier best
known.
From the beginning of the sixties there was a strong effort to identify neurosecretory
phenomena in the CVOs. The classic models of neurosecretion are peptidergic systems.
Until now, interest is focused on the release of mediators from cellular components of
the CVOs but also on the significance of peptides for central information processing
induced by or affecting the CVOs.
The 62 contributions to the four following sections of the symposium represent the
current work on this wide field of CVOs: “Microenvironment of the brain: blood -
interstitial fluid - CSF”; “Barriers within the brain: transport - exchange”; “Cir-
cumventricular organs: receptors and effectors”; and “Circumventricular organs and
brain fluids: systemic and behavioral aspects”. Taken together, an image arises of the
diversity of the engagement to contribute to the understanding of the above mentioned
aspects of brain work.
