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ISSN 1346-7565 ActaPhytotax. Geobot.56 (2)2:03-2e6 C200S)
Short
communication
Chromosome ObservationsinSpecies Cayratia II.
of
IntraspecifiPcolyploidyinC trijrotia(Vitaceae).
HIROSHI OKADAi, HIROKAZU TSUKAYA2' 3'` MARYATI MOHAMED5
and
iBotanical Gardens,fucugt.ovfScienOcsea,ha CityUhiversio2-000KisaichiK,atano,Osaha576-OO04,
.IZrpan;
21Vintionat bistitutefBoarsicBiologyrcenterfoirntegrativBeioscienceo,podoiji-cOhhaoz,aki,Aichi444-8585,
JLu)an 3;71Vze Graduate U}iivensityforAdvancedStud iSehso,nan E7Uage ,lldyama ,Kanagawa 240-O193, jZrpan;
4Graduate Stheol ofScien Kc)e,,o tUhoivensic 1"<Yot o606-8502 ,Jopan; 5institute.for 1hopicalBiology, and
Consen,ati oUni,tivett siimtliaysia Sabah ,Kbta 1(inabal uS,abah, Mtitaysia
The chromosQme nurnbers oftwo species of CZi)'ra t(iVaitace aaree r)eported. CayratiaJ'aponi vcara.
mollis had a diploi dnumber of2n=40, while C. trtfbtia was found to have both diploids of2n=40 and
tetrapleid sof2n=80,
Kcy words: CayratiaJ'qponi vcaar. moUis, Cayrat itarlplia ,chromosome number, intraspeei fpoilcy-
ploidy V,itaceae
Polyploidizat iis oonne of the importan atccelerators Living stock of Cayrati a1'aponica (Thunb,)
of plan teyolution. Since we discovere dtriploids Gagn. var, mollis (Wall M.o)miyama was collected
with 2n=60 (x-20 i)n CayratiaJ'apon i(cTahunb.)from a roadside near the bridge crossing Sg. (River)
Gagn. (Okad eat al. 2003a) ,we have examined the Sunsuron ,Tambunan, 71km-72km SE of Kota
chremosome numbers of other species of Ckeyratia Kinabalu ,at about 660 m in Sabah, Malaysia
allied to Ct japoni tco atry to understand thei rorigin (vouch sepercimen: Okaci n5662) ,and of C trij?)lia
(Okad aet al. 2003b). With the exception of C. (L. D)omin from two localiti tehse; campus of the
]'aponie awh,ich occurs in Japan ,members of the Indonesian Institut eof Sciences (LIP IJ)ak,arta,
genus CZiynati aare widely distribut ferdom Afi;ica,java ,Indonesi a(vouch sepercimen: Okadu 5690)
India and China to the Pacifi cregion. The chro- and Kasongan Lama, Katingan Hili rSubdist.,
mosome numbers of only eight of about 45 species Katingan Dist. a,bout 75 km NW of Palangk aRaya,
are known (Okad eat al, 2003b) ,It is therefor edif Centra lKalimantan ,Ol054'42"S ,113022'54"E, at
ficu ltto discus sthe evolutionary trend in chromo- about 30 rn elevation, Indonesia (vouch espreci-
some numbers in the species related to C. J'qponica, men: Okodo et aL 1) ,They were transplante tdo the
or in the genus as a whole. Fortunately ,we have greenhouse of the Botanical Gardens ,Faculty of
obtained materials of two species fbr which no Science ,Osaka City Universit yV.bucher specimens
chromosome infbrmati ownas known and we are will be deposite idn BO (Herbari Buomgoriense)
able to report on the interest icyntgological aspects and KYO (Kyot Uoniversity C)h.romosomes were
of one of them. observed by the same methods as in a previous
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204 APG Xlo1 .56
report (Okad a1984). The chromosome numbers 1.0 - 2.5 ym, or nearly the same as in diploi dindi-
ofboth C J'aponic vaar. mollis and C, trij2)l ihaave viduals of C. japonic vaar. J'qponic a(Okad eat al.
not been reported previously .Polle nfertil iwtasy 2003a) .Pollen fenili tways 739t6 .For C trijbli awe
estimated by the same method as in a previous counted 2n = 40 fbr the individua lcosllected in
report (Okad eat aL 2003a). Jakarta (Fi g1,B, E), and 2n - 80 fbr the individuals
We determine dthe chromosome number of collected at Kasongan Lama (Fi g1,C, F). The chro-
CtiyratiaJ'apon ivcara. mollis to be 2n = 40 (Fi gI.A, mosomes varied in size from about 1,O - 2.0 ptm,
D), The Chromosome varied in size from about which is somewhat smaller than those of C. jopon-
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FIG. 1. Somatic metaphase chromosomes of corati Aa,, D' C japoni[ 'vaar. molhs, 2n=40. B, E: C tT'Cfoi (iaJaka rItndao,nesia 2)n,;40.
C. F: C. it'ij?) t(iaKason Lgaaman near Palangka Raya, Indonesia )2,n=80, A, B, C: microphotographs. D, F, F: explanatory draw-
ings of A, B and C, respectively. Scale =- 4 um.
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August 2005 OKADA et al./ Chromosomes of Cal,t'atia 205
distincftrom Ca.vratiIat.is
all other species of of
intere stto know the pattern ofdistribution and the
extent of morphological variation between the
diplo iadnd tetraploid members of C. trijZ) lfiaor
understanding the evolutionary proces sof poly-
ploidizatioinnCayratia.Grant (1981di)scussed
the relationships between frequenc yof polyploidy
and latitu daned altitude, and stressed tha tdetailed
approaches are required to understand the nature of
polyploid aynd speciation.
Our study discovere ddiploi dand tetraploid
F T G ,2ur, aTle thraabpiltoa itiAd.nldloMwdu aslh eowfs C :yito}u,nrgat pita'tr'uli tbL .ewliaitfhaie ftsu iitns ifni ngaut-re plants of Ca.vrat itarijblia ,thereby increasi ntgo
about 4 cm in length. four the number of intraspecifi cpolyploid yin
Cayratia .Other spec{es exhibiting intraspecific
ica var. moltis. The tetraploid ind{vidua lformed polypleid yare C carnosa (tetrap lanodi dhexa-
frui tisn nature (Fi 2g), and had 96% polle nfenili-ploid) ,C. .iaponica var. .iuponica (diplo aindd
ty. triploid) ,C. pedata (diplo aindd tetrap]oid) and C
Cbyratia trijZ}l iias distribut ewdidely in China, trijbli a(dipl oanidd tetraploid) ([Il a1b) .lFreequcnt
Vietnam, Cambodia, Thailand ,Myanmar, India, occurrences of intraspcci pfoilcyploidy in the same
Malaysia, Indonesia and Australi (aJack e19s87, genus are noteworthy. Like Globba (Zingiberaceae)
Li 1998) .Characte rofsthe leave asre highl yvaifiable (Taka n&o Okada 2002) ,CZiyrat imaay have a sys-
(Jack e1s987), From molecular phylogenetic analy- tem that frequent liynduce spolyploidizatio nT.he
ses, Rossett eot al. (200 2ag)ree vvith Lattif '(sl 983) high pollen fertil iint tyhe tetraploid individu oaflC
claim that both C trijbli aand C .iaponica are quite trijbli asuggests it sspecific distincti fornom the
TABLli1. Chremosome numbers in Ca.vrat isahowing intraspecif pioclyploid ywith basic chromosome number 20.
Species n 2npLoidyauthors
C Gagn.
carnosa
40 Vatsala(1960)Si,dhu (l983)
et al.
Mitra & Datta (1967 H)a,zra & Sharrna (1970 S)a,rkar et al. (1972)
60804x4x6x Pati let aL (1980)
C. .japoni c(aThunb .G)agn. var..fqt)onica
40 2x Huang et al. (198S)
60 3x Mitsukuri & Hayashi (1953)
20, 30 40, 60 Zx, 3x Okada et al. (2003a)
C pedata Gagn.
2040 n4x4x4xPati let at. (1980)
8080 Vatsala(1960)
Hazra& Sharrna(1970)
4e Sarkar et at. (1972)
C.trifolia(L.D)omin
49r.F .,Om.2.x .4xcurrent study
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TThhee JJaapapnaesneSeosciee tySociety ffoorr PPllanatnt SSyystsetmaetmicastics
206 APG M]1.56
diploi idndividu aanld may require taxonomic revi- Jackes ,B. R. 1987, Revisio nof the Australia Vnitaceae,
sion, 2. CZiyrat iJauss .Austrobailey 2a(4) :365-379.
Tetraplei dand hexaploid individual sof Latti CA, 1983. Numerical analysis and classification of
Cayrati acarnosa and tetrapleid individua lofs C Malesian Vitaceae M.alays 12:7-13.
Li,C. 1998.FloraReipublicaePopularisSinica48(2)
pedata are believ etdo form ferti lseeeds as in the Vi taceae , 75, S cience Pres s ,Beijing.
tetraploid C. trijbti a(Fi g2,), since they exhibit Mitsukuri Y, & M, Hayashi .1953. Studie son triploid
even ploidy .In C. ]'aponica ,with rare exceptions, vines .I .Chromosome number ofJapanese Vitaceae.
triploid individual sdo not fbrm finit bsecause of Kromesomo 17-19:633-638.
abnormal chromosome pairin garchitecture at meio- Mira, K & N. Datta .1967. Ih: IOPB chromosome num-
sis I (Oka deta al. 2003aj. The findin ogfa tetraploid ber reports XIII .Taxon 16:445-461,
individu aofl (]1 trij?)l isauggests the possibil itthyat O k adRaa,n Hu.n c1u9l8u4s , cPanotloynipehnsyilsct i (ca4llx op)forlyopml oRid. s iloerriijgbitniu sof
triploids may be formed from hybridizations (2x x)R. chinensis (2x )P.l .Syst .Evol .148:89-102.
between tetraploid and diploid parents .Further , H, Tsukaya & M. Okamete, 20e3a, Intra-specific
tetraploi dindividua losf Cayratia may provide polypleid aynd possibl eoccurrence of some genetic
important clues for understanding the origin of types fbr polle ndevelopment in Cdyratiay'aponica,
triploid C, .iaponica. Vitaceae A.cta Phytotax G.eobot. 54:69-75.
& . 2003b .Chromosome observations of Ckeyratia
species, Vitaceac A.cta Phytotax .Geobot S,4: 177-
We express our cordial thanks to Dr, Dedy Darnaedi, 179.
Planning and Finance Bureau, Indonesian Institu toef Patil,V P.,M. S.Kumbho.jkar& A. S,Jadhav.1980.
Science s(LIP II)nd,oncsi aD,r. trawati and Ms. Titie Nng, C hr omo some numbers in th e f ami ly Vitacea e C.urr.
Praptosocwiryo,Bogor BotanicGardens,LIPI,Indonesia
Sci. 49:37-38,
fbr their support for fiel dstudies in indonesia, This study Rossetto,M., B. R, Jaekes,K.D. Scott& R.J.Henry.
was partl ysupported by a Grant-in-Ai dof Scientific 2002. Is the genus Cissus (Vitace moanoeph)yletic?
Research from the Japan Societ yfor the Promotion of Evidence from plasti adnd nuclear ribosomal DNA.
Science and by the Mitsubish Fioundation. Syst.Bot.27:522-533,
Sarkar,A. K., N, Datta & U. Chatterjee.1972.
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Received April 8, 2005; accepted .hin e3, 2005
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