Chiricahua Apache Enduring Power: Naiche's Puberty Ceremony Paintings (Contemporary American Indians)

214 Pages·2006·10.19 MB·English

by  Trudy Griffin-Pierce

Chiricahua Apache Enduring Power
Contemporary American Indian Studies
J. Anthony Paredes, Series Editor
Chiricahua Apache
Enduring Power
Naiche’s Puberty Ceremony Paintings
Trudy Grif¤n-Pierce
With a Foreword by
J. Jefferson Reid and Stephanie M. Whittlesey
THE UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA PRESS
Tuscaloosa
Copyright © 2006
The University of Alabama Press
Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0380
All rights reserved
Manufactured in the United States of America
Typeface: AGaramond
∞
The paper on which this book is printed meets the minimum require-
ments of American National Standard for Information Sciences-
Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48–
1984.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Grif¤n-Pierce, Trudy, 1949–
Chiricahua Apache enduring power : Naiche’s puberty ceremony
paintings / Trudy Grif¤n-Pierce ; with a foreword by J. Jefferson Reid
and Stephanie M. Whittlesey.
p. cm. — (Contemporary American Indian studies)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN-13: 978-0-8173-1544-3 (cloth : alk. paper)
ISBN-10: 0-8173-1544-6 (alk. paper)
ISBN-13: 978-0-8173-5367-4 (pbk. : alk. paper)
ISBN-10: 0-8173-5367-4 (alk. paper)
1. Naiche, c. 1857–1921. 2. Chiricahua Indians—Biography.
3. Chiricahua Indians—Social life and customs. 4. Chiricahua
Indians—Government relations. 5. Indian art—Southwest, New.
6. Puberty rites—Southwest, New. I. Title. II. Series.
E99.C68N354 2006
979.004′9725600922—dc22
[B]
2006013114
Front cover image: Naiche deer hide painting of puberty ceremony
Gáhe dance. Naiche sold this to Dr. Everette Rowell, 1911 or 1912.
Believed to be Naiche’s last painting. (Adapted from the Haffenreffer
Museum of Anthropology, Brown University, Bristol, R.I., acc. no.
HMA 77–189. D. 35″ long by 17.5″ wide).
Back cover image: Chiricahua Apache deer hide painting, c. 1875.
(Adapted from painting at Peabody Museum, Harvard University.
Cat.
No 10/22551. Dimensions: 42.5″ long, 37.1″ wide.)
This book is dedicated to Naiche, who led his people through the most
dif¤cult part of their history.

Table of Contents
List of Figures
ix
Timeline of Chiricahua Imprisonment
xi
Prologue: Life before Naiche and the Chiricahua Apache Prisoners of War
xiii
Foreword: A Bronze Ga’an Speaks
J. Jefferson Reid and Stephanie M. Whittlesey
xvii
Introduction
1
Chapter 1: Ethnographic and Historic Background of the Chiricahua Apaches
11
Chapter 2: Military Conquest as a Physical, Psychological, and Symbolic Event
46
Chapter 3: Exile and the Construction of Cultural Identity
71
Chapter 4: Pratt and the Carlisle Boarding School
87
Chapter 5: The Art of American Indian Prisoners of War
107
Chapter 6: The Chiricahua Apache Girl’s Puberty Ceremony
and Naiche’s Hide Paintings
133
Epilogue: Life after Naiche
169
References
171
Index
183

List of Figures
1. Chiricahua Apache homeland and sites of their imprisonment 2
2. The Cochise Stronghold, southeastern Arizona 12
3. Cochise buried here in an unmarked place among the rocks 12
4. Apache Pass 14
5. A rocky ridge in Apache Pass 14
6. Reconstructed Chiricahua Apache wickiup at Apache Pass 15
7. The ruins of the Butter¤eld Stage Station, Apache Pass 15
8. Geronimo with warriors 18
9. Naiche and Geronimo with warriors 18
10. Chiricahua Apaches at peace talks 19
11. Cañon de los Embudos (Canyon of the Funnels), Mexico 19
12. St. Augustine, Florida 49
13. Matanzas River approaching Fort Marion 50
14. Fort Marion looking toward the Matanzas River 50
15. View of the Matanzas River from Fort Marion 50
16. Stairs to the terreplein, Fort Marion 52
17. The terreplein, Fort Marion 52
18. Road to Fort Pickens 72
19. Fort Pickens 73
20. Entrance to Fort Pickens 73
21. Casemate, Fort Pickens 74
22. Railroad tracks going north from Mount Vernon, Alabama 90
23. Train station (now Senior Citizen Building), Mount Vernon 91
24. Present-day house across from train station 91
25. Dense foliage, typical of Mount Vernon landscape 94
26. Chiricahua Apache children at Fort Marion 106
27. Chiricahua Apache children after being inducted into Carlisle Indian
Industrial School, Pennsylvania 106
28. Oklahoma horizon at sunset, near Fort Sill 108
29. Fort Sill National Historic Landmark, Oklahoma 110
30. Lew Kaywaykla’s deer hide painting of Gáhe (Mountain Spirit
Dancers) 111
31. Gáhe (Mountain Spirit Dancer), Fort Sill, Oklahoma 111
32. Chiricahua Apache farmers at Fort Sill, c. 1904 112