Cerebral Cortex: Neurodegenerative and Age-Related Changes in Structure and Function of Cerebral Cortex

799 Pages·1999·25.36 MB·English

by  Marilyn S. Albert

CEREBRAL
CORTEX
Volume 14
Neurodegenerative and Age-Related
Changes in Structure and Function of
Cerebral Cortex
CEREBRAL CORTEX
Series Editors: Edward G. Jones and Alan Peters
Advisory Committee
Antonio R. Damasio, Iowa City, Iowa
Irving T. Diamond, Durham, North Carolina
Michael S. Gazzaniga, Hanover, New Hampshire
Patricia Goldman-Rakic, New Haven, Connecticut
Jon H. Kaas, Nashville, Tennessee
Thomas L. Kemper, Boston, Massachusetts
Kevan A. C. Martin, Zurich, Switzerland
John H. Morrison, New York, New York
Kathleen S. Rockland, Iowa City, Iowa
Adam M. Sillito, London, England
Philip S. Ulinksi, Chicago, Illinois
Volume 1: Cellular Components of the Cerebral Cortex
Volume 2: Functional Properties of Cortical Cells
Volume 3: Visual Cortex
Volume 4: Association and Auditory Cortices
Volume 5: Sensory-Motor Areas and Aspects of Cortical Connectivity
Volume 6: Further Aspects of Cortical Function, Including Hippocampus
Volume 7: Development and Maturation of Cerebral Cortex
Volume 8A: Comparative Structure and Evolution of Cerebral Cortex, Part I
Volume 8B: Comparative Structure and Evolution of Cerebral Cortex, Part II
Volume 9: Normal and Altered States of Function
Volume 10: Primary Visual Cortex in Primates
Volume 11: The Barrel Cortex of Rodents
Volume 12: Extrastriate Cortex in Primates
Volume 13: Models of Cortical Circuits
Volume 14: Neurodegenerative and Age-Related Changes in Structure and
Function of Cerebral Cortex
Series Editors: Edward G. Jones and Alan Peters
CEREB
CORTEX
Volume 14
N eurodegenerative and Age-Related
Changes in Structure and Function of
Cerebral Cortex
Edited by
ALAN PETERS
Boston University School of Medicine
Boston, Massachusetts
and
JOHN H. MORRISON
Mount Sinai Medical Center
New York, New York
Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
The Library of Congress cataloged the first volume of this title as follows:
Main entry under title:
Cerebral cortex.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Contents: v. 1. Cellular components ofthe cerebral cortex.
1. Cerebral cortex-Collected works. 1. Peters, Alan, 1929- II. Jones, Edward G.,
1939- . [DNLM: 1. Cerebral cortex-Anatomy and histology. 2. Cerebral cortex-Physio1ogy.
WL 307 C4136]
QP383.C45 1984 612'.825 84-1982
ISBN 978-1-4613-7216-5 ISBN 978-1-4615-4885-0 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-4615-4885-0
© 1999 Springer Science+Business Media New York
Originally published by Kluwer Academic /P1enum Publishers in 1999
Softcover reprint ofthe hardcover Ist edition 1999
AII rights reserved
No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any
form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording, or
otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher
Sir John Carew Eccles (1903-1997)
John Eccles died peacefully at his home near Locarno on May 2, 1997. During the course of
a long life, he dominated a whole era of neuroscience, not only through his works but also
through the large number of neuroscientists that he trained and who went on to become
leaders in their field. Trained by Charles Sherrington at Oxford, Eccles was in many ways
the living embodiment of the Sherringtonian tradition in neuropsychology. His life in
science was one from which many drew inspiration but one that few could hope to emulate.
A skillful technician and a tireless experimenter, he could intellectually and physically
exhaust whole relays of much younger persons. At the peak of his career, his scientific output
was prodigious and groundbreaking.
During his highly productive years at Canberra, which became the Mecca to which virtually
every neurophysiologist of a generation was drawn, Eccles was richly blessed with resources
of material and personnel. But it was not always so: the first intracellular recordings from
motoneurons, which led ultimately to the Nobel Prize, were begun before moving to
Canberra, under conditions that were far from optimal and that would have made a lesser
person blanch. Eccles deserved his place in the sun.
A formidable debater, Eccles never shirked the task of vigorously promoting his current
ideas, yet he dropped them with a generous spirit when evidence to the contrary was
marshaled against them. Indeed, his tergiversations often served to highlight an incremental
advance in scientific understanding.
By the time he joined the editorial advisory board of Cerebral Cortex in 1984, his
experimental career had been over for some years, Canberra and its successor laboratories
at Chicago and Buffalo being long past. But he was still in full command of his intellectual
powers, knew everyone who was doing anything significant in the field, and offered us many
suggestions that were helpful in ensuring the success of our venture. Not content with being
a mere adviser, he contributed to Volume 2 with a theory of the operation of the neocortex.
The chapter ranged widely, from anatomical modularity through the role of calcium in
long-term synaptic plasticity to models of memory and cognition, stressing the links between
memory and cognitive experience and reflecting that "all experiencing is tinged with
remembering." It was a style of writing that few scientists can command today, but typical
of the man behind the pen.
John Eccles's passing presages the end of an era in neuroscience, an era in which the
foundations of modern cellular neurophysiology were laid. His was not the sole contribution
by any means, but such was the force of his personality, the power of his intellect, and his
influence on a generation of neuroscientists, that, like one of similar attributes in the early
seminal era of physiology, Johannes Muller, he was truly one of its colossi.
Edward G.Jones
Davis, California
Contributors
John R. Absher Cingulum NeuroSciences Institute, Winston-Salem,
North Carolina 27101; and Departments of Physiol
ogy, Pharmacology, and Neurology, Wake Forest Uni
versity School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North
Carolina 27157-1083
Marilyn S. Albert Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, Massa
chusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School,
Boston, Massachusetts 02118
Amy F. T. Arnsten Section of Neurobiology, Yale Medical School, New
Haven, Connecticut 06510-8001
Gene J. Blatt Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston
University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachu
setts 02118
Constantin Booras Department of Psychiatry, HUG Belle-Idee, Univer
sity of Geneva School of Medicine, CH-1225 Geneva,
Switzerland; and Kastor Neurobiology of Aging Lab
oratories, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New
York, New York 10029
Eva Braak Department of Anatomy, J. W. Goethe University,
D-60590 Frankfurt, Germany
Heiko Braak Department of Anatomy, J. W. Goethe University,
D-60590 Frankfurt, Germany
Peter B. Crino Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylva
nia School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
19104
vii
viii
James H. Eberwine Departments of Pharmacology and Psychiatry, Uni
CONTRIBUTORS versity of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Phila
delphia, Pennsylvania 19104
Lindsay A. Farrer Departments of Medicine (Genetics Program) and
Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine,
and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics,
Boston University School of Public Health, Boston,
Massachusetts 02118
Fred H. Gage Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute, LaJolla,
California 92037
James W. Geddes Sanders-Brown Center on Aging and Department of
Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Kentucky,
Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0230
Stephen D. Ginsberg The Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Re
search, Department of Pathology and Laboratory
Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Med
icine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-4283
James G. Herndon Yerkes Regional Primate Research Center, Emory
University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
Asao Hirano Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathol
ogy, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York
10467
Patrick R. Hof Kastor Neurobiology of Aging Laboratories, Fishberg
Research Center for Neurobiology and Department
of Geriatrics and Adult Development, and Depart
ment of Ophthalmology, Mount Sinai School of
Medicine, New York, New York 10029
Thomas L. Kemper Departments of Pathology, Anatomy and Neurobiol
ogy, and Neurology, Boston University School of
Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118
Ronald J. Killiany Department of Neuroanatomy and Neurobiology,
Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Mas
sachusetts 02118
J. H. Kordower Research Center for Brain Repair, Department of
Neurological Sciences, Rush Alzheimer's Disease
Center, Rush Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medical Center,
Chicago, Illinois 60612
Virginia M.-Y. Lee The Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Re
search, Department of Pathology and Laboratory
Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Med
icine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-4283
Alex Martin National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Mary ix
land 20892-1366
CONTRIBUTORS
Eliezer Masliah Departments of Neurosciences and Pathology, Uni
versity of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
92093-0624
John H. Morrison Kastor Neurobiology of Aging Laboratories, Fishberg
Research Center for Neurobiology and Department
of Geriatrics and Adult Development, Mount Sinai
School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029
Mark B. Moss Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston
University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachu
setts 02118
E.J. Mufson Research Center for Brain Repair, Department of
Neurological Sciences, Rush Alzheimer's Disease
Center, Rush Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medical Center,
Chicago, Illinois 60612
Imaharu Nakano Department of Neurology, Jichi Medical School,
Tochigi-ken, 329-0498 Japan
Timothy J. Nicholson Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston
University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachu
setts 02118
Alan Peters Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston
University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachu
setts 02118
Daniel A. Peterson Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute, La Jolla,
California 92037; present address: Department of Neu
roscience, Finch University of Health Sciences, The
Chicago Medical School, North Chicago, Illinois
60064-3095
Douglas L. Rosene Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston
University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachu
setts 02118; and Yerkes Regional Primate Research
Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
M. Luise Schmidt The Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Re
search, Department of Pathology and Laboratory
Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Med
icine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-4283
David P. Salmon Department of Neurosciences, University of Califor
nia, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0948
x
D. Larry Sparks Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, Arizona
CONTRIBUTORS 85351; and Division of Medical Examiner's Service,
Kentucky Justice Cabinet, Frankfort, Kentucky 40601
John Q. Trojanowski The Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Re
search, Department of Pathology and Laboratory
Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Med
icine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-4283
Brent A. Vogt Cingulum NeuroSciences Institute, Winston-Salem,
North Carolina 27101; and Departments of Physiol
ogy, Pharmacology, and Neurology, Wake Forest Uni
versity School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North
Carolina, 27157-1083
Leslie J. Vogt Cingulum NeuroSciences Institute, Winston-Salem,
North Carolina 27101; and Departments of Physiol
ogy, Pharmacology, and Neurology, Wake Forest Uni
versity School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North
Carolina 27157-1083
Kent E. Vrana Cingulum NeuroSciences Institute, Winston-Salem,
North Carolina 27101; and Departments of Physiol
ogy, Pharmacology, and Neurology, Wake Forest Uni
versity School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North
Carolina 27157-1083
MarkJ. West Department of Neurobiology, University of Aarhus,
8000 Aarhus C, Denmark