Cellular Mechanisms of Sensory Processing: The Somatosensory System

500 Pages·1994·10.205 MB·English

by  Lorne M. Mendell (auth.), Laszlo Urban (eds.)

Cellular Mechanisms
of Sensory Processing
The Somatosensory System
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Series H: Cell Biology, Vol. 79
Cellular Mechanisms
of Sensory Processing
The Somatosensory System
Edited by
Laszlo Urban
Sandoz Institute for Medical Research
5 Gower Place
LondonWC1 E 6BN, U.K.
Springer-Verlag
Berlin Heidelberg New York London Paris Tokyo
Hong Kong Barcelona Budapest
Published in cooperation with NATO Scientific Affairs Division
Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Cellular
Mechanisms of Sensory Processing, held at Wye, Kent, U.K., April 1-3, 1993
ISBN-13: 978-3-642-78764-5 e-ISBN-13:978-3-642-78762-1
001: 10.1007/978-3-642-78762-1
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data.
NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Cellular Mechanisms of Sensory Processing (1993: Wye,
England) Cellular mechanisms of sensory processing: the somatosensory system / edited by Laszlo
Urban. p. cm. - (NATO ASI series. Series H. Cell biology; vol. 79)
"Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Cellular Mechanisms of Sensory
Processing, held at Wye, Kent, U.K., April 1-3, 1993" - T.p. verso.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN-13: 978-3-642-78764-5 1. Skin-Innervation-Congresses. 2. Sensory receptors
Congresses. 3. Ganglia, Sensory-Congresses. 4. Afferent pathways-Congresses. I. Urban, Laszlo,
1951-. II. Title. III. Series. QP369.N36 1993 599'.0182-dc20 93-46741
This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is
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© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1994
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edttion 1994
Typesetting: Camera ready by authors
31/3145 -5 432 1 0 -Printed on acid-free paper
PREFACE
The research field of somatosensory processing in mammals has experienced
revolutionary changes in recent years. Accumulation of basic and clinical data has
greatly accelerated, and new phenomena have emerged. With the aid of new,
refined methods, molecular and cellular changes have been described, underlying
the signal transduction-transmission between the internal/external environment and
the central nervous system have been described. The discovery of the interaction
between the nervous and the immune system has, for example changed our view on
the development of inflammatory diseases, while the cloning of genes encoding
different trophic factors has boosted studies revealing profound changes in the
regeneration of neurons, and induction of changes in phenotype. The study of the
pre- and postsynaptic modulation of transmitter release, and the examination of the
combined effects of amino acid and peptide transmitters has become recently
possible by using cultured cell lines and in vitro techniques. Although it is in
embryonic state, computational properties of single DRG cells under normal and
pathological conditions are being investigated. Results soon or later will have a great
impact on pain research and consequently ultimately in clinical pain management.
This brief introduction indicates how our knowledge of the somatosensory
system has increased dramatically recently. However, many investigators cultivate
only a very specific field in the growing area of somatosensory research and find it
difficult to integrate a more universal knowledge of their work. To process the large
body of information requires interaction between scientists investigating different
aspects of the same system or phenomen. On the other hand some aspects in
somatosensory research are neglected because of technical difficulties (e.g. signal
transduction in peripheral receptors). In this case results derived from studies in non
neural systems or in lower vertebrates may fill the gap and provide information for
further studies.
Given this background, we organised a symposium, to provide the
opportunity for integration of expertise in studying the function of the somatosensory
system at the cellular level. The content of this book is based on the presentations at
this NATO Advanced Research Workshop with the title The Cellular Mechanisms of
Sensory Processing, held in Wye College (United Kingdom) from 31th March to 3rd
April 1993.
As almost all speakers contributed to the book, the sequence of the
presentations is reflected in the organisation of the chapters. Authors were
deliberately given freedom to decide on the material which they wanted to present
VI
and discuss, and so some chapters provide more results and speculative discussion
while others incorporate less data and focus on reviewing recent development. In
order to give some structure to the book, chapters wich give a review of a certain
area will preceed others which present more original findings. We believe that this
format is particularly important in this book, because of the diversity of topics
discussed.
I regret that even though the primary afferents and the spinal cord are a
"fragment" of the sensory nervous system they are far more complicated than all of
the aspects of present research concerning this area could be properly discussed
within a workshop and presented in a coveringing book. Even as the meeting and
the publication concentrate solely on cellular mechanisms, there remain many gaps
which could be filled. Unfortunately we could not invite all colleagues working in this
field therefore the book may represent debatable views, but I hope that it gives the
reader a general view on the recent development and hot topics in the research field
of the somatosensory system.
The chapters of his book were reviewed by the chairmen of each session
which made inevitable delays, but the organising committee thought it necessary for
the benefit of the publication. We encouraged the contributors to discuss
controversial issues and allowed the presentation of unpublished original, even
controversial, observations. Therefore some chapters contain data which are open to
criticism with the view that they may trigger further experimental work and debate.
The workshop was sponsored by the Scientific Affairs Division of NATO. We
would like to express our appreciation to NATO for the finantial support and help.
We are most grateful to the Wellcome Trust to fund the attendance of young British
scientists and to Sandoz Institute for Medical Research, lIy Lilly, Amersham and
Pfizer for finantial support.
I am most grateful to Dr Andy Dray, Prof. Srdija Jeftinija, Prof. Peter W Reeh
and Prof. Clifford J. Woolf who helped to organise the meeting as members of the
organising committee. I was fortunate to have some enthusiastic colleagues, Dr
Alyson J. Fox, Dr Istvan Nagy and Dr Stephen W.N. Thompson, who gave their best
professional skills to run the meeting, and Miss Amanda Noble who helped me with
the secretarial work. I wish to offer my thanks. to all of the contributors and to
everyone who helped with this project.
L. A. Urban
I wish to dedicate this book to Prof. Patrick D. Wall
whose contribution made a major impact on our
present understanding of the spinal sensory
processing.
AUTHOR INDEX
Abbadie, C., 449 Nistri, A. 255
Baranauskas, G., 255 Pinco, M., 151
Belmonte, C., 87 Pozo, M.A., 87
Ben-Ari, Y., 161
Besson, J.-M., 449 Radhakrishnan, V., 231
Bond, A, 173 Reeh, P.w., 119
Bregestovski, P., 161
Schaible, H.-G., 195,289
Dolphin, AC., 47 Schafer, K.-H., 337
Dray, A, 273, 379 Schmidt, R.F., 289
Stoney, S.D. Jr., 63
Felipe, C., 297 Surprenant, A, 35
French, AS., 19 Sweeney, M.I., 47
Gallar, J., 87 Thompson, S.w.N., 379
Gebhart, G.F., 401
Urban, L., 379
Henry, J.L., 231
Holzer, P., 133 Weihe, E., 337
Honore, P., 449 Wiesenfeld-Hallin, Zs., 361
Hunt, S.P., 297 Willis, W.D. Jr., 421
Xu, X.-J., 361
ladarola, M.J., 313 Woolf, C.J., 473
Jeftinija, S., 185
Jeftinija, K., 185
Jenkins, R., 297
Lecci, A, 217
Lev-Tov, A, 151
Liu, F., 185
Lodge, D., 173
Lopez-Briones, L.G. 87
Lucke, T., 195
Maggi, CA, 217
Medina, I., 161
Meller, S.T., 401
Mendell, L.M., 3
Menon-Johansson, A, 47
Messersmith, D.J., 313
Nagy, 1.,379
Neugebauer, V., 195
CHARACTERIZATION OF THE PRIMARY AFFERENT
DIVERSITY OF SOMATIC SPIKES IN DORSAL ROOT GANGLION
CELLS: IMPLICATIONS FOR DEVELOPMENT, FUNCTION AND
PLASTICITY
Lorne M. Mendell ...............................................................................................3
ION CHANNELS UNDERLYING TRANSDUCTION AND ADAPTATION
IN MECHANORECEPTORS
Andrew S. French ............................................................................................ 19
SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION PROCESSES IN SENSORIMOTOR
NEURONES OF THE ENTERIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
Annmarie Surprenant ......................................................................................3 5
MODULATION OF VOLTAGE DEPENDENT CALCIUM CHANNELS
BY GABAB RECEPTORS AND G PROTEINS IN CULTURED RAT
DORSAL ROOT GANGLION NEURONS: RELEVANCE
TO TRANSMITTER RELEASE AND ITS MODULATION
Annette C. Dolphin, Anatole Menon-Johansson, Veronica Campbell,
Nick Berrow and Marva I. Sweeney ................................................................ 47
SIGNAL INTEGRATION IN THE AXON TREE DUE TO BRANCH
POINT FILTERING ACTION
S. David Stoney, Jr ..........................................................................................6 3
POLYMODALITY IN NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS: EXPERIMENTAL
MODELS OF CHEMOTRANSDUCTION
Carlos Belmonte, Juana Gallar, Laura G. Lopez-Briones
and Miguel A. Pozo .........................................................................................8 7
CHEMICAL EXCITATION AND SENSITIZATION OF NOCICEPTORS
Peter W. Reeh ................................................................................................ 119
LOCAL EFFECTOR FUNCTIONS OF PRIMARY AFFERENT
NERVE FIBERS
Peter H.olzer .................................................................................................... 133
TRANSMITTERS IN THE SOMATOSENSORY SYSTEM
(SYNAPTOLOGY OF THE SPINAL CORD)
EXITATORY AMINO ACID RECEPTORS IN THE IN VITRO
MAMMALIAN SPINAL CORD
Aharon Lev-Tov and M. Pinco ........................................................................ 151
x
MODULATION OF NMDA CURRENTS IN HIPPOCAMPAL NEURONS
Piotr Bregestovski, Igor Medina and Yezekiel Ben-Ari .................................. 161
EXCITATORY AMINO ACID RECEPTORS IN THE SPINAL CORD
David Lodge and Ann Bond ............................................................................ 173
EXCITATORY AMINO ACID RELEASE IN DORSAL ROOT GANGLION
CULTURES
Fang Liu, Ksenija Jeftinija and Srdija Jeftinija ................................................ 185
THE INVOLVEMENT OF EXCITATORY AMINO ACIDS AND THEIR
RECEPTORS IN THE SPINAL PROCESSING OF NOCICEPTIVE
INPUT FROM THE NORMAL AND INFLAMED KNEE
JOINT IN THE RAT
Hans-Georg Schaible, Volker Neugebauer, Thomas LOcke ........................... 195
TACHYKININ RECEPTORS AND THEIR ANTAGONISTS
Carlo Alberto Maggi and Alessandro Lecci .................................................... 217
SYNAPTIC ACTIVATION BY THE RELEASE OF PEPTIDES
J.L. Henry and V. Radhakrishnan ................................................................... 231
TRH AND SUBSTANCE P INCREASE RAT MOTONEURONE
EXCITABILITY THROUGH A BLOCK OF A NOVEL K+ CONDUCTANCE
A. Nistri, N.D. Fisher And G. Baranauskas ..................................................... 255
DYNAMIC CHANGES IN THE SENSORY SYSTEM
INFLUENCES OF THE CHEMICAL ENVIRONMENT ON PERIPHERAL
AFFERENT NEURONS
Andy Dray ....................................................................................................... 273
SILENT PRIMARY AFFERENTS
Robert F. Schmidt and H.-G. Schaible ........................................................... 289
SENSORY NEURONS AND PLASTICITY: THE ROLE OF IMMEDIATE
EARLY GENES
Carmen De Felipe, Robert Jenkins and Stephen P. Hunt .............................. 297
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF DYNORPHIN GENE EXPRESSION IN
RELATIONSHIP TO SPINAL CORD PROCESSING OF PAIN
Michael J.ladarola and Donna J. Messerschmith ........................................... 313
REGULATION OF CELLULAR PHENOTYPE IN THE NOCICEPTIVE
PATHWAY
Eberhard Weihe and Martin K.-H. Schafer ..................................................... 337