Carotenoids in Nature: Biosynthesis, Regulation and Function

454 Pages·2016·7.88 MB·English

by  Claudia Stange (eds.)

Subcellular Biochemistry 79
Editor
Claudia Stange
Carotenoids
in Nature
Biosynthesis, Regulation and Function
Subcellular Biochemistry
Volume 79
Serieseditor
J.RobinHarris
UniversityofMainz,Mainz,Germany
The book series SUBCELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY is a renowned and well
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InternationalAdvisoryEditorialBoard
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TapasK.Kundu,JNCASR,Bangalore,India
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S.Rottem,TheHebrewUniversity,Jerusalem,Israel
X.Wang,JiangnanUniversity,Wuxi,China
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Claudia Stange
Carotenoids in Nature
Biosynthesis, Regulation and Function
123
ClaudiaStange
CentrodeBiologíaMolecularVegetal
DepartamentodeBiología
FacultaddeCiencias
UniversidaddeChile
Santiago,Chile
ISSN0306-0225
SubcellularBiochemistry
ISBN978-3-319-39124-3 ISBN978-3-319-39126-7 (eBook)
DOI10.1007/978-3-319-39126-7
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2016947054
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Preface
Carotenoidsarecoloredpigmentswidespreaddistributedinnature.Theselipophilic
molecules are synthesized in plants, algae, and some yeast and bacteria. In plants,
carotenoids are synthesized in photosynthetic organs as well as in fruits, flowers,
seeds, and reserve roots, providing attractive yellow, orange, and red colors. In
plants and algae, carotenoids have important functional roles in photosynthesis,
photomorphogenesis,andinphotoprotection.Theyalsogiverisetoapocarotenoids,
such as the hormones abscisic acid and strigolactones, among other volatile
terpenes.Additionally,theypossessantioxidantpropertiesactingasreactiveoxygen
speciesscavengers.Inmammals,theyactasprovitaminAprecursorsandaspower-
ful antioxidant molecules involved in the prevention of certain types of diseases.
Carotenoid biosynthesis in plants is highly regulated, although all the processes
involvedarenotcompletelyknown.Duringthepastdecades,hugeknowledgehas
beenpublished,andalmostallcarotenogenicgeneshavebeenidentifiedandthose
functions dissected as a result of molecular, genetic, and biochemical approaches
utilizingdifferentplant,yeast,andalgaemodelsystems.Theinformationhasbeen
used in genetic engineering for increasing abiotic stress tolerance, altering color
and the nutritional value in plants, leading to the production of novel functional
foods.Inthisbook,anextensiveandactualreviewofthemaintopicsofcarotenoid
biosynthesis,regulation,andfunctioninhumanhealtharebroughttogether.
The first chapters provide an introduction to carotenoid biosynthesis in yeast,
bacteria, and plants and a profound exposition on the structures of carotenoid
molecules. The second part covers the function and regulations of carotenoids in
photosynthesisaswellasduringplant,fruit,storageroot,andalgadevelopment.We
also included chapters that present an actual overview on plastids – accumulating
carotenoids–ontheepigeneticmechanismsthatcontrolcarotenoidbiosynthesisand
on the oncoming topic regarding apocarotenoids. To finish, some chapters argue
about the metabolic engineering of carotenoids in plants and seeds that point the
way of carotenoid biotechnological application. Additionally, important topics on
theeffectofabsorptionmechanismsandcarotenoidsasantioxidantsandvitaminA
precursorsforhumannutritionwerealsoincluded.
v
vi Preface
Thechaptersincludedineachsectionwerepreparedandreviewedbyexpertsin
thefield.Iwouldliketothankeachoftheauthorsforacceptingtocontributetothis
book, for their dedicated effort providing carefully prepared manuscripts, and for
theirpromptattentiontoanswertorequestedinformation.
IwishtoexpressmygratitudetothestaffofSpringer,inparticulartoThijsvan
Vlijmen(SeniorPublishingEditor)andtoSaraGermans-Huisman(SpringerSenior
EditorialAssistant)fortheirkindassistanceandpatience.
Itistheaimoftheeditorthatthisbookwillbeofbenefitandreferencesourceto
anyoneresearchingtheareaoncarotenoidsynthesisandregulation.
Santiago,Chile ClaudiaStange
Contents
PartI BiosynthesisofCarotenoids
1 CarotenoidDistributioninNature........................................ 3
JenniferAlcaíno,MarceloBaeza,andVíctorCifuentes
2 BiosynthesisofCarotenoidsinPlants:EnzymesandColor ........... 35
CarolinaRosas-SaavedraandClaudiaStange
3 StructuresandAnalysisofCarotenoidMolecules...................... 71
DeliaB.Rodriguez-Amaya
PartII RegulationofCarotenoidsBiosynthesis
4 CarotenoidsandPhotosynthesis.......................................... 111
HidekiHashimoto,ChiasaUragami,andRichardJ.Cogdell
5 RegulationofCarotenoidBiosynthesisinPhotosyntheticOrgans.... 141
BriardoLlorente
6 RegulationofCarotenoidBiosynthesisDuringFruitDevelopment... 161
JoannaLado,LorenzoZacarías,andMaríaJesúsRodrigo
7 CarotenoidBiosynthesisinDaucuscarota............................... 199
KevinSimpson,ArielCerda,andClaudiaStange
8 CarotenoidsinMicroalgae................................................. 219
Vitalia Henríquez, Carolina Escobar, Janeth Galarza,
andJavierGimpel
9 Apocarotenoids:ANewCarotenoid-DerivedPathway................. 239
JuanCamiloMorenoBeltranandClaudiaStange
10 PlastidsandCarotenoidAccumulation .................................. 273
LiLi,HuiYuan,YunliuZeng,andQiangXu
vii
viii Contents
11 EvidenceofEpigeneticMechanismsAffectingCarotenoids........... 295
Jacobo Arango, Jesús Beltrán, Jonathan Nuñez,
andPaulChavarriaga
PartIII CarotenoidsforHumanHealth
12 ManipulationofCarotenoidContentinPlantstoImprove
HumanHealth .............................................................. 311
EnriquetaAlós,MariaJesúsRodrigo,andLorenzoZacarias
13 Modern Breeding and Biotechnological Approaches
toEnhanceCarotenoidAccumulationinSeeds......................... 345
M.L.FedericoandM.A.Schmidt
14 CarotenoidsasaSourceofAntioxidantsintheDiet.................... 359
AnaAugusta OdorissiXavierandAntonioPérez-Gálvez
15 CarotenoidsinAdiposeTissueBiologyandObesity.................... 377
M.LuisaBonet,JoseA.Canas,JoanRibot,andAndreuPalou
16 AbsorptionofCarotenoidsandMechanismsInvolved
inTheirHealth-RelatedProperties....................................... 415
BraulioCervantes-Paz,ClaudiaI.Victoria-Campos,and
JosédeJesúsOrnelas-Paz
Index............................................................................... 455
Part I
Biosynthesis of Carotenoids