Caplan’s Stroke: A Clinical Approach

664 Pages·2016·1.45 MB·English

by  Louis R. Caplan

Caplan’s Stroke

’
Caplan s Stroke
A Clinical Approach
Fifth Edition
Edited by
Louis R Caplan
BethIsraelDeaconessMedicalCenterandHarvardMedicalSchool,Boston,MA,USA
UniversityPrintingHouse,CambridgeCB28BS,UnitedKingdom
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www.cambridge.org
Informationonthistitle:www.cambridge.org/9781107087293
Fifthedition©CambridgeUniversityPress2016
Thispublicationisincopyright.Subjecttostatutoryexception
andtotheprovisionsofrelevantcollectivelicensingagreements,
noreproductionofanypartmaytakeplacewithoutthewritten
permissionofCambridgeUniversityPress.
Firstpublishedin1993byElsevier
Fourthedition:2009byElsevier
Fifthedition:2016byCambridgeUniversityPress
PrintedintheUnitedKingdombyClays,StIvesplc
AcataloguerecordforthispublicationisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary
LibraryofCongressCataloguinginPublicationdata
Caplan,LouisR,editor.|Caplan’sstroke.
Precededby(work):
Caplan’sstroke:aclinicalapproach/editedbyLouisRCaplan.
Stroke
Fifthedition.|Cambridge;NewYork:CambridgeUniversity
Press,2016.|PrecededbyCaplan’sstroke/LouisR.Caplan.4thed.
Philadelphia:Elsevier/Saunders,c2009.|Includesbibliographial
referencesandindex.
LCCN2016005752|ISBN9781107087293(hardback)
|MESH:Stroke–diagnosis|Stroke–therapy|Cerebrovascular
Disorders–diagnosis|CerebrovascularDisorders–therapy
LCCRC388.5|NLMWL356|DDC616.8/1–dc23
LCrecordavailableathttp://lccn.loc.gov/2016005752
ISBN978-1-107-08729-3Hardback
CambridgeUniversityPresshasnoresponsibilityforthepersistenceor
accuracyofURLsforexternalorthird-partyinternetwebsitesreferredtoin
thispublication,anddoesnotguaranteethatanycontentonsuchwebsites
is,orwillremain,accurateorappropriate.
...........................................................................................................
Everyefforthasbeenmadeinpreparingthisbooktoprovideaccurateand
up-to-dateinformationwhichisinaccordwithacceptedstandardsand
practiceatthetimeofpublication.Althoughcasehistoriesaredrawnfrom
actualcases,everyefforthasbeenmadetodisguisetheidentitiesofthe
individualsinvolved.Nevertheless,theauthors,editorsandpublisherscan
makenowarrantiesthattheinformationcontainedhereinistotallyfree
fromerror,notleastbecauseclinicalstandardsareconstantlychanging
throughresearchandregulation.Theauthors,editorsandpublishers
thereforedisclaimallliabilityfordirectorconsequentialdamagesresulting
fromtheuseofmaterialcontainedinthisbook.Readersarestrongly
advisedtopaycarefulattentiontoinformationprovidedbythe
manufacturerofanydrugsorequipmentthattheyplantouse.
Contents
Preface vii
Listofcontributors viii
–
Part I General principles 12 Non-atheroscleroticvasculopathies 386
LouisRCaplanandJoséBiller
1 Introductionandperspective 1
13 Subarachnoidhemorrhage,aneurysms,
LouisRCaplan
andvascularmalformations 439
2 Pathology,anatomy,andpathophysiology TudorJovinandLouisRCaplan
ofstroke 19
14 Intracerebralhemorrhage 477
LouisRCaplanandDavidSLiebeskind
LouisRCaplanandCarlosSKase
3 Diagnosisandtheclinicalencounter 55
15 Strokeinchildrenandyoungadults 511
LouisRCaplanandFernandoBarinagarrementeria
GabrielledeVeber,AneeshBSinghal,
4 Imagingandlaboratorydiagnosis 78 andLouisRCaplan
LouisRCaplan,BruceCampbell,andStephenDavis
16 Spinalcordvasculardisease 534
5 Geneticsofstroke 129 LouisRCaplanandAyrtonRMassaro
StéphanieDebetteandLouisRCaplan
17 Cerebralvenousthrombosis 544
6 Treatment 145 LouisRCaplanandMarie-GermaineBousser
LouisRCaplanandJeffreySaver
–
Part III Prevention, complications,
–
Part II Stroke syndromes
–
and recovery rehabilitation
7 Largearteryocclusivediseaseoftheanterior
18 Strokeprevention 567
circulation 217
LouisRCaplanandPhilipBGorelick
LouisRCaplanandLawrenceWechsler
19 Complicationsinstrokepatients 594
8 Largevesselocclusivediseaseoftheposterior
LouisRCaplanandSandeepKumar
circulation 252
LouisRCaplanandJongSKim 20 Recovery,rehabilitation,andrepair 608
StevenCCramerandLouisRCaplan
9 Penetratingandbrancharterydisease 287
LouisRCaplan,GeoffreyDonnan,andMarie
Dagonnier
10 Brainembolism 312
Index 627
LouisRCaplanandPierreAmarenco
11 Hypoxic–ischemicencephalopathy,cardiacarrest, Colourplatesaretobefoundbetweenpp.342and343.
andcardiacencephalopathy 364
LouisRCaplanandMichaelDeGeorgia
v

Preface
AlthoughthisisthefiftheditionofmyStrokebook,inmany ability to be critical about their own writing and coverage of
waysitrepresentsacompletelynewendeavor.Thiseditionis a subject. One just wants it to be finally done and sent in.
bothsingle and multi-authored – a somewhatnew concept. I Otherscanviewthecoveragefreshlyandcriticallymuchbetter
havecontinuedtocontroltheorganization,writingstyle,and than the original author. So, broadening the authorship, I
patient-oriented focus of the book and each of the chapters. believe, gives this edition more credibility and depth than
The new aspect is that I have chosen respected experienced prior editions. (3) The lack of genetic information in prior
expertswhohavereviewedeachchapterintheirparticulararea editions. A new chapter on genetics has also been added in
ofexpertise.Theyhavecorrectedpriormis-statements,elabo- thiseditionwrittenbyDrStéphanieDebetteaclinicalneurol-
rated on aspects they feel were incompletely covered, and ogistandgeneticist.
updated each chapter with new information that has accrued At the same time what made this book different from
sincethefourtheditionwaspublishedin2009.Afterreceiving multi-authoredtextswasthesimplicity,patientfocus,uniform
the input of the chapter co-authors, I have re-reviewed the organization,clinicalemphasis,writingstyle,andclarityofthe
chapters,addedinformationandreferences,andensuredthat four prioreditions. Theprevious bookswere allorganized to
thefinalizedchapterpreservesthegoals,style,andmaincon- bereadfromcovertocovertoteachaboutclinicalstroke.They
tentofthebook. werealsoorganizedsothatinformationwouldbeeasilyreadby
Threeobservationsstimulatedthisnewapproach.(1)Critics bothnovitiatesandstrokespecialists.Istrovetomaintainthese
ofthe lastedition opinedthatthe topicofstroke hasbecome aspectswhilestillbroadeningthecontentbyseekingtheinputs
much too large for any one person to cover well. The basic ofmanyothers.
science and clinical stroke literature has expanded exponen-
tially during the last decade. There is much truth to this LouisRCaplan,MD
criticism. (2) After writing and rewriting and re-editing the Boston,MA,USA
same chapters for decades, an individual (myself) loses the
vii
Contributors
PierreAmarenco,MDPhD MichaelDeGeorgia,MDFCCMFNCS
Professor,DepartmentofNeurology,BichatUniversity MaxeenStoneandJohnAFlowerProfessorofNeurologyat
Hospital,Paris,France CaseWesternReserveUniversitySchoolofMedicine,Director,
CenterforNeurocriticalCare,NeurologicalInstitute,University
FernandoBarinagarrementeria,MD
HospitalsCaseMedicalCenter,Cleveland,OH,USA
DivisióndeCienciasdelaSalud,UniversidaddelValle
deMéxico,HospitalÁngelesdeQuerétaro,Querétaro, GabrielledeVeber,MD
Mexico ProfessorofNeurology,TheHospitalforSickChildren,
Toronto,ON,Canada
JoséBiller,MDFACPFAANFAHA
DepartmentofNeurology,LoyolaUniversityStritchSchoolof GeoffreyDonnan,MBBSMDFRACPFRCP(Edin)
Medicine,Maywood,IL,USA ProfessorofNeurology,UniversityofMelbourne,Directorat
TheFloreyInstituteofNeuroscienceandMentalHealth,
Marie-GermaineBousser,MD
Parkville,VIC,Australia
Professor,DepartmentofNeurology,LariboisièreHospital,
Paris,France PhilipBGorelick,MDMPHFACP
ProfessorattheDepartmentofTranslationalScienceand
BruceCampbell,MBBS(Hons)BMedScPhDFRACP
MolecularMedicine,MichiganStateUniversityCollegeof
DepartmentofMedicineandNeurology,RoyalMelbourne
HumanMedicine,MedicalDirectoratMercyHealth
Hospital,UniversityofMelbourne,Parkville,VIC,
HauensteinNeurosciences,MI,USA
Australia
TudorJovin,MD
LouisRCaplan,MD
AssociateProfessorofNeurologyandNeurosurgeryDirector,
SeniorNeurologist,BethIsraelDeaconessMedicalCenter, UPMCStrokeInstituteDirector,UPMCCenterfor
ProfessorofNeurology,HarvardMedicalSchool,Boston, NeuroendovascularTherapy,President,SocietyofVascular
MA,USA andInterventionalNeurology(SVIN),Universityof
Pittsburgh,PA,USA
StevenCCramer,MD
ProfessorofNeurology,UniversityofCaliforniaIrvine,Irvine, CarlosSKase,MD
CA,USA DepartmentofNeurology,BostonUniversityMedicalCenter,
Boston,MA,USA
MarieDagonnier,MD
ResearchFellowattheFloreyInstituteofNeuroscienceand JongSKim,MDPhD
MentalHealth,Melbourne,VIC,Australia ProfessorofNeurologyattheAsanMedicalCenter,University
ofUlsan,Seoul,Korea
StephenDavis,MDFRCPEdFRACP
ProfessorofNeurology,TheMelbourneNeuroscience SandeepKumar,MD
Center,TheRoyalMelbourneHospital,Parkville,VIC, DepartmentofNeurology,BethIsraelDeaconessMedical
Australia Center,Boston,MA,USA
StéphanieDebette,MD DavidSLiebeskind,MD
DepartmentofNeurology,BordeauxUniversityHospital, ProfessorofNeurologyandDirector,Neurovascular
Bordeaux,France ImagingResearchCare,UCLA,DepartmentofNeurology,USA
viii